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Objective: To provide improved guidance for the consistent application of the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) and Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®) in challenging clinical scenarios. Background: Standardized outcome reporting is key for the proper assessment of surgical procedures. A recent consensus conference recommended the CDC and the CCI® for assessing postoperative morbidity. Several challenging scenarios for grading complications still require evidence-based guidance, and the use of the 2 metrics in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains unexplored. Methods: We assessed the use of the CDC and CCI® as an outcome measure in a systematic literature search. In addition, we asked 163 international surgeons to critically evaluate and independently grade complications in 20 complex clinical scenarios. Finally, a Core Group of 5 experts used this information to develop consistent recommendations. Results: Until July 2023, 1327 RCTs selected the CDC and/or CCI® to assess morbidity. Annual use was steadily increasing with now over 200 new RCTs per year. However, only a third (n = 335) of published RCTs provided the complete range of CDC grades, including all subgrades. Eighty-nine out of 163 surgeons (response rate: 55%) completed the questionnaire that served as a basis for the recommendations: repetitive interventions that are required to treat one complication, complications followed by further complications, complications occurring before referral, and expected and unrelated complications to the original procedure should all be counted separately and included in the CCI®. Invasive blank diagnostic interventions should not be considered a complication. Conclusions: The increasing use of the CDC and CCI® in RCTs highlights the importance of their standardized application. The current consensus on various difficult scenarios may offer novel guidance for the consistent use of the CDC and CCI®, aiming to improve complication reporting and better quality control, ultimately benefiting all health care stakeholders and, first and foremost, all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State health departments' (SHD) role in infection prevention and control (IPC) includes robust educational and consultative services for various health care settings. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Washington-SHD (W-SHD) IPC staff conducted remote and on-site Infection Control Assessment and Response (ICAR) consultations for long-term care (LTC) and non-LTC health care facilities. ICAR consultations were classified as "reactive" in response to a COVID-19 outbreak or "proactive" to help facilities improve IPC protocols. Facility addresses were geocoded to census tracks, classifying urban or rural areas. Facility types and characteristics were analyzed, assessing the impacts of repeat visits. All descriptive statistics, Pearson's χ2 tests, and odds ratios were calculated. Between March 2020 and December 2022, W-SHD conducted 3,093 ICARs at 1,703 health care facilities in 94.9% (37/39) of Washington counties. Of the total visits, most were in LTC (90.5%) and 48.9% were reactive. Facilities with initial on-site ICARs had 1.5 times the odds of having a repeat visit than facilities with initial remote visit (95% CI: 1.21, 1.87). Maintaining strong connections with health care facilities can help bolster infection prevention practices and minimize loss of information at the facility level. Evidence-based findings on the sustainability of the W-SHD's ICAR services during the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated the value of public health IPC programs. • Public health infection control programs expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic. • From 2020 to 2022, 3,093 consultations were conducted at 1,703 health care facilities. • Facilities were more likely to have a repeat visit if they first had a reactive visit. • Facilities were more likely to have a repeat visit if they first had an on-site visit. • Public health infection control consultations build trust with health care facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomalous gait after total hip arthroplasty (THA), marked by increased trunk lateral flexion during weight-bearing, is a noteworthy aspect to consider for enhancing ambulatory capacity. One potential training modality that is feasible in the early post-THA period is lateral weight shifting during double-leg standing. However, the influence of physical therapists' instructional guidance on trunk lateral flexion and hip abductor muscle activity in this context remains unclear. To investigate the influence of physical therapist's guidance directed towards reducing the trunk lateral flexion angle during lateral weight-shifting in double-leg standing post-THA. Twenty THA patients, assessed at 2 weeks postoperatively, performed lateral weight-shifting under two conditions: the normal condition and the instructed condition, for comparison. The latter involved tactile and verbal guidance guidance to minimize trunk lateral flexion. Patients were categorized based on trunk flexion direction for comparison, exploring the correlations between hip abductor muscle activity and kinematic parameters. In the instructed condition, a significant reduction in trunk lateral flexion and increased hip lever arm length were observed compared to those in the normal condition. Patients with trunk flexion towards the operated side exhibited a notable reduction, while those on the non-operated side showed no significant changes. Gluteus medius muscle activity correlated with trunk lateral flexion, and tensor fasciae latae muscle activity correlated with body's center of mass lateral displacement and hip adduction angle. Physical therapist's guidance influenced lateral weight-shifting in double-leg standing post-THA. Differences in the trunk lateral flexion direction may lead to different effects from the guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italy is one of the European countries in which young people face greater challenges in achieving independence and full social integration. This study explores the potential of guidance in non-formal educational contexts to support young people who are on the margins of education and labour systems The findings of an action research project are presented, in which 52 young people facing multiple vulnerabilities participated in a guidance programme designed to address their specific needs. The impact of the intervention was evaluated on five profiles of young people with different vulnerability conditions. Overall, the guidance model developed proved to be an effective tool for improving self-esteem, self-knowledge, redefinition and practical implementation of projects. These results confirm the need to organically include the third sector and the network of non-formal education services in the national guidance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences is the property of Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• We present a novel approach to the adaptation of implementation recommendations from clinical guidelines into implementation strategies, using care of familial hypercholesterolaemia as an example. • We provide guidance on how implementation strategies can be tailored to local-contexts by key partners. • We draw upon existing programs in the literature to highlight how the application of this process is feasible. The International Atherosclerosis Society (IAS) published an evidence-informed guidance for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) that provides both clinical and implementation recommendations. We reference examples of strategies from the literature to explore how these implementation recommendations can be tailored into implementation strategies at the local-level for stakeholders guided by a framework proposed by Sarkies and Jones. Four authors of the IAS guidance selected two published exemplar implementation recommendations for detection, management, and general implementation. Each recommendation was described as an implementation strategy using Proctor's guidance for specifying and reporting implementation strategies. It recommends reporting the actor (who), action (what), action-target (who is impacted), temporality (how often), and dose (how much) for each implementation strategy. Detection: A centralized cascade testing model, mobilized nurses (actor) to relative's homes, after the diagnosis of the proband (temporality), once (dose) to consent, obtain a blood sample and health information (action) on relatives (action-target). Management: A primary care initiative to improve FH management included an educational session (action) with clinicians (action-target), computer-based reminder message and message to patients to have their cholesterol screened once (dose) at a visit or outreach (temporality) by researchers (actor). General: A partnership between a statewide public pathology provider, local public hospital network, primary health network, government health ministry, and an academic university (actors) was established to implement a primary-tertiary shared care model (action) to improve the detection of FH (action-target). We demonstrate that implementation recommendations can be specified and reported for different local contexts with examples on monitoring, evaluation, and sustainability in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between engagement and the intention to drop out was the focus of this research. Following an empirical–analytical approach, a sample of 1,122 university students responded to a questionnaire designed to measure the engagement and the intention to drop out of school. The results confirmed that undergraduates who considered dropping out had lower scores on the engagement scale. These data are relevant for the adoption of preventive measures against academic dropouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Digital public health (DiPH) interventions may help us tackle substantial public health challenges and reach historically underserved populations, in addition to presenting valuable opportunities to improve and complement existing services. However, DiPH interventions are often triggered through technological advancements and opportunities rather than public health needs. To develop and evaluate interventions designed to serve public health needs, a comprehensive framework is needed that systematically covers all aspects with relevance for public health. This includes considering the complexity of the technology, the context in which the technology is supposed to operate, its implementation, and its effects on public health, including ethical, legal, and social aspects. Objective: We aimed to develop such a DiPH framework with a comprehensive list of core principles to be considered throughout the development and evaluation process of any DiPH intervention. Methods: The resulting digital public health framework (DigiPHrame) was based on a scoping review of existing digital health and public health frameworks. After extracting all assessment criteria from these frameworks, we clustered the criteria. During a series of multidisciplinary meetings with experts from the Leibniz ScienceCampus Digital Public Health, we restructured each domain to represent the complexity of DiPH. In this paper, we used a COVID-19 contact–tracing app as a use case to illustrate how DigiPHrame may be applied to assess DiPH interventions. Results: The current version of DigiPHrame consists of 182 questions nested under 12 domains. Domain 1 describes the current status of health needs and existing interventions; domains 2 and 3, the DiPH technology under assessment and aspects related to human-computer interaction, respectively; domains 4 and 5, structural and process aspects, respectively; and domains 6-12, contextual conditions and the outcomes of the DiPH intervention from broad perspectives. In the CWA use case, a number of questions relevant during its development but also important for assessors once the CWA was available were highlighted. Conclusions: DigiPHrame is a comprehensive framework for the development and assessment of digital technologies designed for public health purposes. It is a living framework and will, therefore, be updated regularly and as new public health needs and technological advancements emerge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic health record–based clinical decision support (CDS) tools can facilitate the adoption of evidence into practice. Yet, the impact of CDS beyond single-site implementation is often limited by dissemination and implementation barriers related to site- and user-specific variation in workflows and behaviors. The translation of evidence-based CDS from initial development to implementation in heterogeneous environments requires a framework that assures careful balancing of fidelity to core functional elements with adaptations to ensure compatibility with new contexts. Objective: This study aims to develop and apply a framework to guide tailoring and implementing CDS across diverse clinical settings. Methods: In preparation for a multisite trial implementing CDS for pediatric overweight or obesity in primary care, we developed the User-Centered Framework for Implementation of Technology (UFIT), a framework that integrates principles from user-centered design (UCD), human factors/ergonomics theories, and implementation science to guide both CDS adaptation and tailoring of related implementation strategies. Our transdisciplinary study team conducted semistructured interviews with pediatric primary care clinicians and a diverse group of stakeholders from 3 health systems in the northeastern, midwestern, and southeastern United States to inform and apply the framework for our formative evaluation. Results: We conducted 41 qualitative interviews with primary care clinicians (n=21) and other stakeholders (n=20). Our workflow analysis found 3 primary ways in which clinicians interact with the electronic health record during primary care well-child visits identifying opportunities for decision support. Additionally, we identified differences in practice patterns across contexts necessitating a multiprong design approach to support a variety of workflows, user needs, preferences, and implementation strategies. Conclusions: UFIT integrates theories and guidance from UCD, human factors/ergonomics, and implementation science to promote fit with local contexts for optimal outcomes. The components of UFIT were used to guide the development of Improving Pediatric Obesity Practice Using Prompts, an integrated package comprising CDS for obesity or overweight treatment with tailored implementation strategies. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05627011; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05627011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health apps are increasingly recognized as crucial tools for enhancing health care delivery. Many countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa, can substantially benefit from using health apps to support self-management and thus help to achieve universal health coverage and the third sustainable development goal. However, most health apps published in app stores are of unknown or poor quality, which poses a risk to patient safety. Regulatory standards and guidance can help address this risk and promote patient safety. Objective: This review aims to assess the regulatory standards and guidance for health apps supporting evidence-based best practices in sub-Saharan Africa with a focus on self-management. Methods: A methodological framework for scoping reviews was applied. A search strategy was built and applied across the following databases, gray literature sources, and institutional websites: PubMed, Scopus, World Health Organization (WHO) African Index Medicus, OpenGrey, WHO Regional Office for Africa Library, ICTworks, WHO Directory of eHealth policies, HIS Strengthening Resource Center, International Telecommunication Union, Ministry of Health websites, and Google. The search covered the period between January 2005 and January 2024. The findings were analyzed using a deductive descriptive content analysis. The policy analysis framework was adapted and used to organize the findings. The Reporting Items for Stakeholder Analysis tool guided the identification and mapping of key stakeholders based on their roles in regulating health apps for self-management. Results: The study included 49 documents from 31 sub-Saharan African countries. While all the documents were relevant for stakeholder identification and mapping, only 3 regulatory standards and guidance contained relevant information on regulation of health apps. These standards and guidance primarily aimed to build mutual trust; promote integration, inclusion, and equitable access to services; and address implementation issues and poor coordination. They provided guidance on systems quality, software acquisition and maintenance, security measures, data exchange, interoperability and integration, involvement of relevant stakeholders, and equitable access to services. To enhance implementation, the standards highlight that legal authority, coordination of activities, building capacity, and monitoring and evaluation are required. A number of stakeholders, including governments, regulatory bodies, funders, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, academia, and the health care community, were identified to play key roles in regulating health apps. Conclusions: Health apps have huge potential to support self-management in sub-Saharan Africa, but the lack of regulatory standards and guidance constitutes a major barrier. Hence, for these apps to be safely and effectively integrated into health care, more attention should be given to regulation. Learning from countries with effective regulations can help sub-Saharan Africa build a more robust and responsive regulatory system, ensuring the safe and beneficial use of health apps across the region. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025714 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missile guidance, owing to highly complex and non-linear relative movement between the missile and its target, is a challenging problem. This is further aggravated in case of a maneuvering target which changes its own flight path while attempting to escape the incoming missile. In this study, to achieve computationally superior and accurate missile guidance, deep learning is employed to propose a self-tuning technique for a Fractional-Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) controller of a radar-guided missile chasing an intelligently maneuvering target. A multi-layer two-dimensional architecture is proposed for a deep neural network that combines the prediction feature of recurrent neural networks and estimation feature of feed-forward artificial neural networks. The proposed deep learning based missile guidance scheme is non-intrusive, data-based, and model-free wherein the parameters are optimized on-the-run while predicting the target’s maneuvering tactics to correct for processing time and loop delays of the system. Using deep learning for online optimisation with minimal computational burden is the core feature of the proposed technique. Dual-core parallel simulations of missile-target dynamics and the control system were performed to demonstrate superiority of the proposed scheme in feasibility, adaptability, and the ability to effectively minimize the miss-distance in comparison with traditional and neural offline-tuned PID and FOPID based techniques. Compared to state-of-the-art offline-tuned neural control, the miss-distance was reduced by 68.42 % for randomly maneuvering targets. Furthermore, a minimum miss-distance of 0.97 m was achieved for intelligently maneuvering targets for which the state-of-the-art method failed to hit the target. Overall, the proposed technique offers a novel approach for addressing the challenges of missile guidance in a computationally efficient and effective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contact guidance, the widely-known phenomenon of cell alignment, is an essential step in the organization of adherent cells. This guidance is known to occur by, amongst other things, anisotropic features in the environment including elastic heterogeneity. To understand the origins of this guidance we employed a novel statistical thermodynamics framework, which recognises the non-thermal fluctuations in the cellular response, for modelling the response of the cells seeded on substrates with alternating soft and stiff stripes. Consistent with observations, the modelling framework predicts the existence of three regimes of cell guidance: (i) in regime I for stripe widths much larger than the cell size guidance is primarily entropic; (ii) for stripe widths on the order of the cell size in regime II guidance is biochemically mediated and accompanied by changes to the cell morphology while (iii) in regime III for stripe widths much less than the cell size there is no guidance as cells cannot sense the substrate heterogeneity. Guidance in regimes I and II is due to "molli-avoidance" with cells primarily residing on the stiff stripes. While the molli-avoidance tendency is not lost with decreasing density of collagen coating the substrate, the reduced focal adhesion formation with decreasing collagen density tends to inhibit contact guidance. Our results provide clear physical insights into the interplay between cell mechano-sensitivity and substrate elastic heterogeneity that ultimately leads to the contact guidance of cells in heterogeneous tissues. Cellular morphology and organization play a crucial role in the micro-architecture of tissues and dictates their biological and mechanical functioning. Despite the importance of cellular organization in all facets of tissue biology, the fundamental question of how a cell organizes itself in an anisotropic environment is still poorly understood. We employ a novel statistical thermodynamics framework which recognises the non-thermal fluctuations in the cellular response to investigate cell guidance on substrates with alternating soft and stiff stripes. The propensity of cells to primarily reside on stiff stripes results in strong guidance when the period of the stripes is larger than the cell size. For smaller stripe periods, cells sense a homogeneous substrate and guidance is lost. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnant employees may experience work-related challenges, including inadequate attention to their unique needs. Unmet needs for work adjustment are associated with sick leave and reduced well-being, and supportive environments are regarded as a protective factor against sick leave. To evaluate the effect of midwifery support focusing on work adjustment on pregnant hospital employees' well-being defined by work ability and dimensions of the psychosocial work environment. A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted. Well-being-related outcomes at baseline and follow-up were measured with The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) and Work Ability questionnaires. Intermediate outcomes were work adjustments, measured by non-validated survey items. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed with mixed-effect models. Work adjustments was reported for 16 % (95 % CI 0.07;0.25) more intervention group participants. Group differences in change of mean outcome scores for the COPSOQ items were: 0.02 (95 % CI -0.12;0.09) for Job Satisfaction, 0.05 (95 % CI -0.25;0.35) for Influence, -0.16 (95 % CI -0.41;0.09) for Quality of Leadership, 0.25 (95 % CI -0.05;0.54) for Work-Family Conflict, -0.03 (95 % CI -0.21;0.15) for Self-Rated Health, 0.04 (95 % CI -0.26;0.34) for Burnout. The group difference in mean outcome score for the Work Ability Scale was -0.38 (95 % CI -0.91;0.11). The used survey items may not have captured all aspects of well-being and non-participation may have compromised the possibility to detect a difference between groups. Pregnant employees' well-being was not improved with midwifery support. However, work adjustment increased significantly. The trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with ID number 29–2019–03 on June 16, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a vast body of research on set-membership techniques in recent years. These algorithms compute convex sets that contain the state of a dynamical system given bounds on disturbance and noise signals. Recently, a thorough comparison of zonotopes-based methods against interval arithmetic and ellipsoids has been presented in the literature. However, two main issues were left unexplored: (i) added conservatism in the presence of bounds of different kinds such as ℓ 2 -norm for the disturbance and an ℓ ∞ -norm bound on the noise: (ii) set-membership methods can be used in different settings apart from guaranteed state estimation, such as fault detection and isolation and collision avoidance of autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we extend this comparison by considering state estimation, fault detection and isolation, and collision avoidance for interval arithmetic, ellipsoids, zonotopes, constrained zonotopes, polytopes and constrained convex generators in the presence of various combination of bounds for the exogenous signals. The main objective is to compare accuracy, computation time and the scalability of the growth of the data structures required by each set representation. The results indicate that intervals, ellipsoids and zonotopes have a much worse accuracy. The recently introduced Constrained Convex Generators have a negligible increase in computation time in comparison with constrained zonotopes but have a better accuracy when bounds for disturbances, noise and initial conditions are heterogeneous or at least not polytopic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pregnancy-related sick leave is common. • Cluster-randomised trial evaluated occupational midwifery support. • Intervention focused on risk assessment and work adjusment. • Pregnancy-related sick leave was not reduced. Sick leave during pregnancy is common and associated with strenuous working conditions and multiple occupational exposures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of midwifery facilitation of sessions with pregnant employees and managers focusing on work adjustment, to reduce discomfort and occupational risks. A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted. Hospital employees were randomised to intervention or reference. The intervention group received midwifery support in addition to the standard hospital pregnancy policy provided to the reference group. Outcomes were pregnancy-related sick leave and general sick leave. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed with mixed-effect models. Sick leave was similar between the intervention and reference groups, and 51 % of pregnant employees did not take any days of full pregnancy related sick leave, while approximately 21 % took more than 30 days. Group differences in mean estimates for partial sick leave were −0.5 (CI −2.3;1.3) days. Differences in full sick leave was 1.2 (CI −2.9;5.2) days, and 0.6 (CI −1.0;2.1) days for general sick leave. Midwifery support as an add-on to usual pregnancy policy did not decrease sick leave during pregnancy compared to usual practice in a study population of Danish healthcare professionals. Midwifery support tailored towards the specific work environment may perhaps provide better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ChatGPT is receiving increasing attention and has a variety of application scenarios in clinical practice. In clinical decision support, ChatGPT has been used to generate accurate differential diagnosis lists, support clinical decision-making, optimize clinical decision support, and provide insights for cancer screening decisions. In addition, ChatGPT has been used for intelligent question-answering to provide reliable information about diseases and medical queries. In terms of medical documentation, ChatGPT has proven effective in generating patient clinical letters, radiology reports, medical notes, and discharge summaries, improving efficiency and accuracy for health care providers. Future research directions include real-time monitoring and predictive analytics, precision medicine and personalized treatment, the role of ChatGPT in telemedicine and remote health care, and integration with existing health care systems. Overall, ChatGPT is a valuable tool that complements the expertise of health care providers and improves clinical decision-making and patient care. However, ChatGPT is a double-edged sword. We need to carefully consider and study the benefits and potential dangers of ChatGPT. In this viewpoint, we discuss recent advances in ChatGPT research in clinical practice and suggest possible risks and challenges of using ChatGPT in clinical practice. It will help guide and support future artificial intelligence research similar to ChatGPT in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The administration of nutrition or medication into the lungs or pleura via a misplaced nasogastric feeding tube is considered a never event. Despite guidance from the National Patient Safety Agency and NHS Improvement this never event is regularly reported. Confirmation of correct placement and correct use of nasogastric tubes requires appropriate actions and decisions by a multidisciplinary team. A scoping review identified 43 records that discussed and supported nasogastric tube misplacement as a Never Event. Searches were completed using Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, British Nursing Index (BNI), as well as selected journals. A further manual search revealed 22 publicly available NHS Trust policies related to nasogastric feeding tube procedures. Items generated between 2011 and 2020 were considered eligible. A thematic analysis was completed to assess adherence to guidance and the practices in place across the NHS. Three key themes were identified as part of the review: referral and authorisation of radiography, examination description, and visualisation of the nasogastric tube tip. Large variations in practice were identified. While there is recognition of national guidance, records showed inconsistency and lacked the required detail to ensure patient safety. Despite classification as a never event, it is apparent that there is still room for improvement and further guidance in ensuring patient safety with respect to nasogastric tube insertion. Practice requires further standardisation whilst also ensuring optimisation and safety. Guidance should address in depth imaging authorisation, language and exact standards of acceptability for imaging the full length of the nasogastric tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the complexity of data analysis increases, even well-designed data interfaces must guide experts in transforming their theoretical knowledge into actual features supported by the tool. This challenge is even greater for casual users who are increasingly turning to data analysis to solve everyday problems. To address this challenge, we propose data-driven, contextual, in situ help features that can be implemented in visual data interfaces. We introduce five modes of help-seeking: (1) contextual help on selected interface elements, (2) topic listing, (3) overview, (4) guided tour, and (5) notifications. The difference between our work and general user interface help systems is that data visualization provide a unique environment for embedding context-dependent data inside on-screen messaging. We demonstrate the usefulness of such contextual help through two case studies of two visual data interfaces: Keshif and POD-Vis. We implemented and evaluated the help modes with two sets of participants, and found that directly selecting user interface elements was the most useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The low success rate of entrepreneurship is quite common for contemporary college students, and its main reason can be attributed to their lack of social experience and entrepreneurial guidance, thus, it’s of certain practical significance to study the social experience guidance for college students’ entrepreneurship and this paper aims to explore this problem based on social network. At first, this paper introduced the formation mechanism of the social experience guidance for college students’ entrepreneurship, proposed a novel Social Network Representation Learning (SNRL) method for college students’ entrepreneurship, which could attain more information of social experience guidance from networks with isomorphic substructures. Then, in the social network of college students’ entrepreneurship, this paper discussed the extraction method of structural subgraph of neighborhood space of college students and other entrepreneurial subject nodes, and proposed a method for building sub-networks similar to the scale and development state in the social network of college students’ entrepreneurship, and realized the information sharing of social and entrepreneurial experiences among sub-networks. At last, this paper constructed a Social and Entrepreneurial Experience Guidance (SEEG) model, and verified its effectiveness in experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apply It!: After reading this article, worksite health promotion and health and fitness professionals will: • Understand the purpose of conducting assessments and the health and safety implications when a worker is not able to perform his or her job optimally physically or mentally. • Appreciate how to recognize and manage the risks involved in conducting the assessments. • Know how to apply the practical guidance on which assessments to use and how to implement them on-site or remotely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We read with great interest the recent paper by Lo et al., who argue that there is an urgent need to ensure the quality of modelling evidence used to support international and national guideline development. Here we outline efforts by the Tuberculosis Modelling and Analysis Consortium, together with the World Health Organization Global Task Force on Tuberculosis Impact Measurement, to develop material to improve the quality and transparency of country-level tuberculosis modelling to inform decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 800 children annually suffer unintentional firearm injuries and deaths from unsecured firearms in the United States. These injuries are preventable, and may be avoided by providing parents with firearm safety guidance (FSG). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experience of pediatric providers in delivering FSG following incorporation of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) infographic. Qualitative study completed July 2019-December 2019. Community pediatricians in Houston, Texas were provided the AAP firearm safety infographic and encouraged to provide FSG routinely during well-child visits with firearm-owning parents. Efficacy, feasibility of use and barriers to FSG were assessed via focus groups. Content analysis was utilized to identify emergent themes from provider experiences. Forty-four pediatricians across eight clinics delivered FSG using the AAP infographic. Of these, thirty-four participated in focus groups discussing their experience. Only 34% of those in the focus groups had routinely provided FSG prior to the study. The AAP infographic was a useful tool because of its visibility, valuable information, and assistance with broaching the topic of firearm safety with parents. Three themes were identified from qualitative analysis: methods of successful delivery of FSG (62%), patient responses to FSG (25%), and barriers to delivery of FSG (13%). Parents were generally receptive to the guidance. The AAP firearm safety infographic, which is free and publicly available, can be a valuable and satisfactory tool for delivery of firearm safety guidance by pediatric providers, including surgeons. Further study is needed to assess whether the guidance changes parental storage behaviors. Level VI [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public disclosure of medium-term fiscal plans -- "fiscal guidance" -- represents an increasingly important, yet understudied element of fiscal transparency frameworks. This article introduces a dataset that contains a large set of forecasts on fiscal and economic items issued by all European Union governments over the period 2001-2018. These forecasts are used to build an index of fiscal guidance transparency and to explore its main characteristics and correlates. The analysis reveals that governments are more transparent in their guidance on fiscal flows and macroeconomic aggregates than on liabilities, assets, and exogenous assumptions. In addition, transparency declines in the forecast horizon and in the strength of the governing coalition. Collectively, the results suggest that fiscal guidance transparency may be a sensitive area of policymaking that deserves scholarly attention. Possible uses of the measure of fiscal guidance transparency in research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 guidance from professional and health organisations created uncertainty leading to professional and personal stress impacting on midwives providing continuity of care in New Zealand (NZ). The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in massive amounts of international and national information and guidance. This guidance was often conflicting and not suited to New Zealand midwifery. To examine and map the national and international guidance and information provided to midwifery regarding COVID-19 and foreground learnt lessons for future similar crises. A systematic scoping review informed by Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework. A range of sources from grey and empirical literature was identified and 257 sources included. Four categories were identified and discussed: (1) guidance for provision of maternity care in the community; (2) guidance for provision of primary labour and birth care; (3) Guidance for midwifery care to women/wāhine with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 infection, including screening processes and management of neonates of infected women/wāhine (4) Guidance for midwives on protecting self and own families and whānau (extended family) from COVID-19 exposure. Guidance was mainly targeted and tailored for hospital-based services. This was at odds with the NZ context, where primary continuity of care underpins practice. It is evident that those providing continuity of care constantly needed to navigate an evolving situation to mitigate interruptions and restrictions to midwifery care, often without fully knowing the personal risk to themselves and their own families. A key message is the need for a single source of evidence-based guidance, regularly updated and timestamped to show where advice changes over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confidentiality and disclosure of information in the public interest present difficult dilemmas for healthcare practitioners and call for clear legal and regulatory guidance. The common law duty of confidence, and established exceptions to it, are shaped by medical practice and detailed guidance produced by the General Medical Council. Guidance issued by other healthcare regulators in a highly fragmented environment is at best unclear and at worst inaccurate. This article assembles and justifies a framework of evaluation against which regulators' guidance can be assessed, focussing on the specific issue of when the duty of confidentiality can be set aside in the public interest. Comparison of statutory regulators' guidance reveals wide variation which creates uncertainty for practitioners confused by inconsistency between guidance documents. The results of this analysis raise questions about the relationship between common law and regulatory guidance, in particular, whether it is appropriate to recognise different standards for different healthcare professions. This article argues that there is an opportunity to correct this anomaly and ensure appropriate consistency as part of a wider review of healthcare professional regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key summary points: Aim: To describe a guidance on the management of post-acute COVID 19 patients in geriatric rehabilitation. Findings: This guidance addresses general requirements for post-acute COVID-19 geriatric rehabilitation and critical aspects for quality assurance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the guidance describes relevant care processes and procedures divided in five topics: patient selection; admission; treatment; discharge; and follow-up and monitoring. Message: This guidance is designed to provide support to care professionals involved in the geriatric rehabilitation treatment of post-acute COVID-19 patients. Purpose: To describe a guidance on the management of post-acute COVID 19 patients in geriatric rehabilitation. Methods: The guidance is based on guidelines for post-acute COVID-19 geriatric rehabilitation developed in the Netherlands, updated with recent insights from literature, related guidance from other countries and disciplines, and combined with experiences from experts in countries participating in the Geriatric Rehabilitation Special Interest Group of the European Geriatric Medicine Society. Results: This guidance for post-acute COVID-19 rehabilitation is divided into a section addressing general recommendations for geriatric rehabilitation and a section addressing specific processes and procedures. The Sect. "General recommendations for geriatric rehabilitation" addresses: (1) general requirements for post-acute COVID-19 rehabilitation and (2) critical aspects for quality assurance during COVID-19 pandemic. The Sect. "Specific processes and procedures", addresses the following topics: (1) patient selection; (2) admission; (3) treatment; (4) discharge; and (5) follow-up and monitoring. Conclusion: Providing tailored geriatric rehabilitation treatment to post-acute COVID-19 patients is a challenge for which the guidance is designed to provide support. There is a strong need for additional evidence on COVID-19 geriatric rehabilitation including developing an understanding of risk profiles of older patients living with frailty to develop individualised treatment regimes. The present guidance will be regularly updated based on additional evidence from practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researcher believes: that taking the hadith of Ahl al-Bayt with the conditions of authentic transmission, is just like taking from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allahbe upon him and his family). Al-Basiqah and we have mentioned the sayings of Sayyid Al-Khoei, byreferring that "The reader will findin my interpretationthat I do not deviate from the apparent meanings of the Book and its rulings, and what is provenby the infallible Imams / the offspring of the Messenger (Allah bless upon him). They are those whom Allah Almighty, singled out with a purification. If the school of the Companions is described as the branch of prophecy, then Ahl al-Bayt is its lush tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employees are the key elements of any organization. The motivated employees are keen to display the artistic picture of the organization by accomplishing better perspective and executing greater results. Motivation refers to the reasons that underlie behavior; that is characterized by willingness and volition. Intrinsic motivation is animated by personal enjoyment, interest, or pleasure, whereas extrinsic motivation is governed by reinforcement contingencies. Employee motivation is extrinsic motivation. In the era of globalization; the companies are facing heavy competitions and working within high pressure and tense working environment and to tackle the pressure employees needs to get motivated and activated. The capabilities of increasing productivity and enhancing working skills of individual, groups as well as organization with the help of different guidance and theories to accomplish high performance and increasing driving capacity of the organization. The work-life balance, career goals and stress management aspects are needed to be deployed to engage employees in the organization by motivational approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has started to be increasingly adopted in medical imaging and radiotherapy clinical practice, however research, education and partnerships have not really caught up yet to facilitate a safe and effective transition. The aim of the document is to provide baseline guidance for radiographers working in the field of AI in education, research, clinical practice and stakeholder partnerships. The guideline is intended for use by the multi-professional clinical imaging and radiotherapy teams, including all staff, volunteers, students and learners. The format mirrored similar publications from other SCoR working groups in the past. The recommendations have been subject to a rapid period of peer, professional and patient assessment and review. Feedback was sought from a range of SoR members and advisory groups, as well as from the SoR director of professional policy, as well as from external experts. Amendments were then made in line with feedback received and a final consensus was reached. AI is an innovative tool radiographers will need to engage with to ensure a safe and efficient clinical service in imaging and radiotherapy. Educational provisions will need to be proportionately adjusted by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to offer the necessary knowledge, skills and competences for diagnostic and therapeutic radiographers, to enable them to navigate a future where AI will be central to patient diagnosis and treatment pathways. Radiography-led research in AI should address key clinical challenges and enable radiographers co-design, implement and validate AI solutions. Partnerships are key in ensuring the contribution of radiographers is integrated into healthcare AI ecosystems for the benefit of the patients and service users. Radiography is starting to work towards a future with AI-enabled healthcare. This guidance offers some recommendations for different areas of radiography practice. There is a need to update our educational curricula, rethink our research priorities, forge new strong clinical-academic-industry partnerships to optimise clinical practice. Specific recommendations in relation to clinical practice, education, research and the forging of partnerships with key stakeholders are discussed, with potential impact on policy and practice in all these domains. These recommendations aim to serve as baseline guidance for UK radiographers. This review offers the most up-to-date recommendations for clinical practitioners, researchers, academics and service users of clinical imaging and therapeutic radiography services. Radiography practice, education and research must gradually adjust to AI-enabled healthcare systems to ensure gains of AI technologies are maximised and challenges and risks are minimised. This guidance will need to be updated regularly given the fast-changing pace of AI development and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

within constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), our work proposes a new search heuristic. The latter is basically inspired by the template concept introduced by E.P.K. TSANG. It consists of a new template concept and could be classified as a min-conflict heuristic. In this paper we introduce a new guided local search that uses our heuristic in local search (LS) for Maximal constraint satisfaction problems (Max-CSPs). Compared to previous well known guided local search, our approach changes experimental results for the better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A persistent fundamental problem in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to medical devices is achieving high performance while guaranteeing the safety and reliability of AI solutions. However, the regulation of medical devices and that of AI implementations both differ among countries, resulting in "double-layered" differences in the regulations for medical devices employing AI. Methods: To overcome these differences and examine the universal requirements for AI-based medical devices, we clarify legal and ethical issues, regulatory requirements, and terms in representative guidances related to AI-based medical devices from different countries. Then, we propose an integrated framework for analyzing the requirements of AI-based medical devices for a comprehensive comparison. Results: We demonstrate that no guidance completely covers all the evaluation requirements, and the differences in coverage per country may direct the international harmonization of these requirements. Discussion: Consequently, we show two development strategies available to manufacturers, namely adherence to local regulations with tedious efforts or compliance with universal requirements using our integrated framework even under the low level of international harmonization; the latter is recommended for efficiency and convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Forensic-voice-comparison systems that output numeric likelihood ratios. • Guidance on how to validate in the context of a case. • Developed via a consensus process. Since the 1960s, there have been calls for forensic voice comparison to be empirically validated under casework conditions. Since around 2000, there have been an increasing number of researchers and practitioners who conduct forensic-voice-comparison research and casework within the likelihood-ratio framework. In recent years, this community of researchers and practitioners has made substantial progress toward validation under casework conditions becoming a standard part of practice: Procedures for conducting validation have been developed, along with graphics and metrics for representing the results, and an increasing number of papers are being published that include empirical validation of forensic-voice-comparison systems under conditions reflecting casework conditions. An outstanding question, however, is: In the context of a case, given the results of an empirical validation of a forensic-voice-comparison system, how can one decide whether the system is good enough for its output to be used in court? This paper provides a statement of consensus developed in response to this question. Contributors included individuals who had knowledge and experience of validating forensic-voice-comparison systems in research and/or casework contexts, and individuals who had actually presented validation results to courts. They also included individuals who could bring a legal perspective on these matters, and individuals with knowledge and experience of validation in forensic science more broadly. We provide recommendations on what practitioners should do when conducting evaluations and validations, and what they should present to the court. Although our focus is explicitly on forensic voice comparison, we hope that this contribution will be of interest to an audience concerned with validation in forensic science more broadly. Although not written specifically for a legal audience, we hope that this contribution will still be of interest to lawyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les soins primaires sont définis par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé comme le premier niveau de contact entre la population et le système de santé. Les contours du conseil officinal de premier recours doivent être arrêtés pour mieux appréhender ce qu'il recouvre, comprendre sa déclinaison pratique et anticiper son évolution au regard des nouvelles missions des pharmaciens. Primary care is defined by the World Health Organization as the first level of contact between the population and the health system. The contours of primary care pharmacy advice need to be defined in order to better understand what it covers, its practical application and anticipate its evolution in relation to the new missions of pharmacists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic not only had an impact on public life and healthcare facilities in general, but also affected established surgical workflows for elective procedures. The strategy to protect patients and healthcare workers from infection by SARS-CoV-2 in surgical departments has needed step-by-step development. Based on the evaluation of international recommendations and guidelines, as well as personal experiences in a clinical 'hot spot' and in a 450-bed surgical clinic, an adapted surgical site infection (SSI) prevention checklist was needed to develop concise instructions, which described roles and responsibilities of healthcare professionals that could be used for wider guidance in pandemic conditions.Method: Publications of COVID-19-related recommendations and guidelines, produced by health authorities and organizations, such as WHO, US-CDC, ECDC, the American College of Surgery and the Robert Koch Institute, were retrieved, assessed and referenced up to 31st January 2020. Additionally, clinical personal experiences in Germany were evaluated and considered.Results: Part 1 of this guidance summarizes the experience of a tertiary care, surgical centre which utilized redundant hospital buildings for immediate spatial separation in a 'hot spot' COVID-19 area. Part 2 outlines the successful screening and isolation strategy in a surgical clinic in a region of Germany with outbreaks in surrounding medical centres. Part 3 provides the synopsis of personal experiences and international recommendations suggested for implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: Understanding of COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2-related epidemiology, is constantly and rapidly changing, requiring continuous adaptation and re-evaluation of recommendations. Established national and local guidelines for continuation of surgical services and prevention of SSI require ongoing scrutiny and focused implementation. This manuscript presents a core facility checklist to support medical institutions to continue their clinical and surgical work during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of the labour market are characterized by several important aspects such as: the emergence of new trades and the disappearance of others, the emergence of the phenomenon of technology, of the tendency to replace the human activity with the computerized activity in many fields, the replacement of office work with telework, the replacement of the physical space of professional activity with the virtual space. According to these considerations, the school should provide support to adolescents by applying counselling strategies in their choosing of a career. The novelty compared to the previous studies is that the present research provides a dynamic perspective in counselling adolescents on the approach of a career, which is based on a quadric-dimensional model, founded on four determining vectors for the career decision-making: identification of the problem, analysis of the individual profile, analysis of the socio-economic environment and projection of the career plan (involving the completion of some activities), which can be achieved over time whenever indecision or any other change occurs. The counselling model sets out an applicable approach whenever the adolescent faces fluctuating occupational interests against the background of social and economic uncertainties plus the prospect of a poor self-knowledge of their own resources but also an insufficient analysis provided by the school in relation to the labour market. This research is advancing the hypothesis that counselling and guidance services are supposed to be valued as important by most educational factors. From this perspective, in the descriptive study undertaken, we engaged the methodology of the questionnaire and observation and the results obtained reinforce the idea that school is the main factor that can determine the career success of the adolescent. The quadri-dimensional model of counselling the adolescents in choosing a career can be an effective tool in terms of the ratio of the results obtained from the application to the effort involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key summary points: Aim: To guide LTCFs in preventing the entrance and spread of SARS-CoV-2. Findings: The guidance is based upon the literature available on August 17, 2020. It lists (1) measures that can be implemented to keep COVID-19 out of LTCFs, and (2) COVID-19 symptoms that require RT-PCR testing in residents, staff members and visitors. It also (3) indicates the strategy to be used when a first LCTF resident or staff member is infected, and (4) proposes measures to limit adverse effects of the quarantine of residents tested positive for COVID-19. Message: The EuGMS guidance enables LTCFs to adapt and suitably implement infection prevention and control measures, considering that the priorities are (1) early detection of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 residents, staff members and visitors who contribute to the entrance and dissemination of COVID-19 infection in LTCFs and (2) to limit the negative effects of isolation in infected residents. Purpose: The European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS) is launching a second interim guidance whose aim is to prevent the entrance and spread of COVID-19 into long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Methods: The EuGMS gathered experts to propose a guide of measures to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in LTCFs. It is based on the specific features of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in LTCFs, residents' needs, and on experiences conducted in the field. Results: Asymptomatic COVID-19 residents and staff members contribute substantially to the dissemination of COVID-19 infection in LTCFs. An infection prevention and control focal point should be set up in every LTCF for (1) supervising infection prevention and control measures aimed at keeping COVID-19 out of LTCFs, (2) RT-PCR testing of residents, staff members, and visitors with COVID-19 symptoms, even atypical, and (3) isolating subjects either infected or in contact with infected subjects. When a first LCTF resident or staff member is infected, a facility-wide RT-PCR test–retest strategy should be implemented for detecting all SARS-CoV-2 carriers. Testing should continue until no new COVID-19 cases are identified. The isolation of residents should be limited as much as possible and associated with measures aiming at limiting its negative effects on their mental and somatic health status. Conclusions: An early recognition of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 may help to diagnose COVID-19 residents and staff more promptly. Subsequently, an earlier testing for SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic and asymptomatic LTCF staff and residents will enable the implementation of appropriate infection prevention and control. The negative effects of social isolation in residents should be limited as much as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Commercially available preoperative planning software is now widely available for shoulder arthroplasty. However, without the use of patient-specific guides or intraoperative visual guidance, surgeons have little in vivo feedback to ensure proper execution of the preoperative plan. The purpose of this study was to assess surgeons' ability to implement a preoperative plan in vivo during shoulder arthroplasty. Fifty primary shoulder arthroplasties from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. All surgical procedures were planned using a commercially available software package with both multiplanar 2-dimensional computed tomography and a 3-dimensional implant overlay. Following registration of intraoperative visual navigation trackers, the surgeons (1 attending and 1 fellow) were blinded to the computer navigation screen and attempted to implement the plan by simulating placement of a central-axis guide pin. Malposition was assessed (>4 mm of displacement or >10° error in version or inclination). Data were then blinded, measured, and evaluated. Mean displacement from the planned starting point was 3.2 ± 2.0 mm. The mean error in version was 6.4° ± 5.6°, and the mean error in inclination was 6.6° ± 4.9°. Malposition was observed in 48% of cases after preoperative planning. Malposition errors were more commonly made by fellow trainees vs. attending surgeons (58% vs. 38%, P =.047). Despite preoperative planning, surgeons of various training levels were unable to reproducibly replicate the planned component position consistently. Following completion of fellowship training, significantly less malposition resulted. Even in expert hands, the orientation of the glenoid component would have been malpositioned in 38% of cases. This study further supports the benefit of guided surgery for accurate placement of glenoid components, regardless of fellowship training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During emergencies and disasters infant survival can depend on their access to breastfeeding or human milk. Wet nursing and donor human milk sharing are options endorsed by the World Health Assembly (WHA). This study looks at regulatory environments for wet nursing and donor human milk sharing and considers the wider food security and resilience implications. Legislation and policies relating to wet nursing, donor human milk sharing and milk banking can support appropriate infant and young child feeding in emergencies responses (IYCF-E). However, in many countries there is a lack of legislative and regulatory clarity on protecting and supporting breastfeeding practices in these situations. This is true for all income country settings and geographic regions. High breastfeeding prevalence in a country can reduce exposure to food insecurity and risk for mothers and their children during emergencies. Regulatory clarity is also needed to protect safe wet nursing and donor human milk sharing, being an important step in developing protocols and plans for emergency preparedness and response. With human milk products becoming more available, there is also an urgent need to ensure full implementation of the IYCF-E Operational Guidance and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent relevant WHA Resolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has become a enormous challenge for the health care facilitators. It has significantly affected the dental professionals in their clinical practices, hospitals and even dental schools. Due to the risk of cross – infection involved within in the dental setting, the dental professional is even scared to provide emergent treatment for a patient. The aim of this comparative review is to throw light on the essential knowledge that a clinician must acquire before triaging a patient, understanding the case definition of COVID-19 and preparedness required before planning to re-open the dental practices. The updated database obtained from various governmental and non-governmental official webpages were rapidly analysed up till May 31, 2020. This compilation of recommendations and guidance laid by various authorities across the world will function as a foundation for safer dental practice within the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intergenerational practice (IP) is an approach within community health promotion which aims to bring older and younger community members together in collaborative activity. Little research has critically examined the assumptions and values within IP and their implications for these communities. A sample of 15 IP planning documents were analysed using a social constructionist thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke2006) guided by Prior's (2008) concept of documents as active agents. Three tensions were identified: a community-led model versus a contact model; old and young as targets versus older people as targets; and process-focused versus outcome- focused evaluation. IP has relied on contact theory as a mechanism of change, which has rooted IP to an overly individualistic practice targeted at older people (rather than all ages). In contrast, the community-led ethos of IP was also evident alongside values of mutual benefit for old and young, and a desire for more process-focused evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the studies conducted in the field of gifted students in our country have gained momentum in recent years, studies regarding interventions that will respond to their social and emotional needs remain limited. In addition to evoking many positive features such as giftedness, being smart and successful, the difficulties caused by giftedness in individuals' lives are ignored. Therefore, the aim of this study is to introduce the problems faced by gifted children in the social-emotional field and the most common intervention programs. However, possible risk factors and protective factors were also summarized for them to be guiding in the selection of the intervention program to be implemented. In addition, the problems experienced by gifted individuals in the social and emotional field were illustrated with a case study. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations that may be useful for psychological counselors serving in the field of gifted students, families of gifted students, and teachers working with gifted students were examined in the light of the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: International professional bodies have been quick to disseminate initial guidance documents during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the absence of firm evidence, these have been developed by expert committees, limited in participant number. This study aimed to validate international COVID-19 surgical guidance using a rapid Delphi consensus exercise.Methods: Delphi statements were directly mapped to guidance from surgical professional bodies in the US and Europe (SAGES/EAES), the UK (Joint RCS), and Australasia (RACS), to validate content against international consensus. Agreement from ≥70% participants was determined as consensus agreement.Results: The Delphi exercise was completed by 339 individuals from 41 countries and 52 statements were mapped to the guidance, 47 (90.4%) reaching consensus agreement. Of these, 27 statements were mapped to SAGES/EAES guidance, 21 to the Joint RCS document, and 33 to the RACS document. Within the SAGES/EAES document, 92.9% of items reached consensus agreement (median 89.0%, range 60.5-99.2%), 90.4% within the Joint RCS document (87.6%, 63.4-97.9%), and 90.9% within the RACS document (85.5%, 18.7-98.8%). Statements lacking consensus related to the surgical approach (open vs. laparoscopic), dual consultant operating, separate instrument decontamination, and stoma formation rather than anastomosis.Conclusion: Initial surgical COVID-19 guidance from the US, Europe and Australasia was widely supported by an international expert community, although a small number of contentious areas emerged. These findings should be addressed in future guidance iterations, and should stimulate urgent investigation of non-consensus areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 caused coronavirus disease 2019 cases in the United States, the initial test was developed and performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. As the number of cases increased, the demand for tests multiplied, leading the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to use the Emergency Utilization Authorization to allow clinical and commercial laboratories to develop tests to detect the presence of the virus. Many nucleic acid tests based on RT-PCR were developed, each with different techniques, specifications, and turnaround time. As the illnesses turned into a pandemic, testing became more crucial. The test supply became inadequate to meet the need and so it had to be prioritized according to guidance. For surveillance, the need for serologic tests emerged. Here, we review the timeline of test development, the turnaround times, and the various approved tests, and compare them as regards the genes they detect. We concentrate on the point-of-care tests and discuss the basis for new serologic tests. We discuss the testing guidance for prioritization and their application in a hospital setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a symbolic mechanism designed to help guide the performance of actions of a Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agent under both concurrency and relevance criteria. Behind the planning activity which can optimistically estimate the relevance of traces, we propose to directly supervise the best effort execution of the intentions as to keep track of the most relevant ones in case of failures. To support the presented method, a typical use case is given that targets the automated guidance of an autonomous vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As with normal learners, disabled learners should also benefit from technology and more specifically accessible technologies. The design and implementation of learning solutions adapted to the needs of these learners are the major challenges faced by situation-aware ubiquitous learning systems. The learning process guidance is one of the most important forms of adaptation. This is why our study will focus on guidance work and those dedicated to disabled learners. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the state-of-art in situation-aware ubiquitous learning systems. To do so, the study adopts a classification framework based on four different views (awareness, adaptation, guidance and u-accessibility). The framework has been used six ubiquitous learning systems dealing with guidance and / or learning for disabled and/or non-disabled learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]