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Abstract: To our knowledge, the risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage from dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) have not been systematically described, due to the complexity of their anatomy and low incidence. We performed this retrospective study to investigate the DAVF factors predicting intracranial hemorrhage. A 10year database of 144 consecutive patients with DAVF was reviewed. Data collected and analyzed were demographics, morphologic features of DAVF, sex, age, fistula flow rate, arterial supply, lesion location, and venous drainage pattern. Linear univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between influencing factors and hemorrhage. A first linear univariate analysis was performed for all influencing factors, and showed that sex, lesion location, and venous drainage pattern were statistically significant in predicting intracranial hemorrhage (p <0.05). Secondary multivariate logistic regression analysis with sex, lesion location, and venous drainage pattern showed that only venous drainage pattern was statistically significant in predicting intracranial hemorrhage (p <0.05). Therefore, venous drainage pattern, particularly the cortical venous drainage, significantly predicts intracranial hemorrhage from DAVF. Both sex and lesion location may be confounding factors in predicting intracranial hemorrhage from DAVF, while the other factors may not be associated with hemorrhage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interleukin-17 (IL-17A), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), as well as its receptor (TGFR-β2) and susceptibility to intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) was investigated in the present study. A total of 53 patients with BAVM and 120 healthy controls were recruited, all of whom were Han Chinese from South China. There were no statistically significant differences in the IL-17A-197 guanine/adenine (G/A) or TGF-β1-509 cytosine/thymine (C/T) genotypes or gene frequencies between BAVM patients and controls (p >0.05), but the gene frequency of the TGFR-β2-875 A/G genotype in patients with BAVM was significantly higher (p <0.05). Furthermore, the frequencies of the G allele of IL-17A-197 G/A and TGFR-β2-875 A/G in BAVM patients with hemorrhage were higher than those without hemorrhage. TGFR-β2-875 G/G genotype is a risk factor for BAVM, and the IL-17A-197 G/A and TGFR-β2-875 A/G genotype is closely related to hemorrhage risk for patients with BAVM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]