Search

Pumpkin seeds swagger a wealthy vitamin and mineral composition. They contain vitamins (A, B, C, K, D, E), minerals (calcium, selenium, zinc, magnesium, copper, potassium, press, manganese and phosphorus), a few amino acids such as glutamic, linolenic and arginine, and greasy plant acids. The Peclet number includes the peripheral rotation speed of the RTS condenser tube. In our case, the Peclet number reflects how the heat transfer to the grain layer due to convection, when the RTS capacitor rotates, relates to the heat transfer due to the thermal conductivity of the grain layer. Thus, in the first drying period, the determining factors for mass transfer will be the conditions at the phase boundary – the mode of air movement outside the grain, the area of the grain, the surface temperature of the RTS condenser. In total, pumpkin seeds contain 12 essential and eight nonessential amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in land use and land cover usually affect the hydrological processes of river flows, sediment transport, and water quality on a global scale. Hence, the objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of Land Use Land Cover (LULCC) on the Hydrology of Rwizi River Catchment located in South-western Uganda using appropriate standard techniques and procedures including Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Model calibration and validation demonstrated good agreement (R² = 0.76-0.86, NSE = 0.75-0.78). LULC analysis revealed significant increases in built-up areas and forestland, with declines in grazing land and wetlands. These changes were driven by socio-economic factors and hydro-climatic influences. The study found strong correlations between LULC types and sediment yield, highlighting the implications for water quality and erosion control. The results show that urban growth raises surface runoff and peak flows as a result of a rise in impervious surfaces, whereas agricultural intensification raises water demand and lowers base flow, especially during dry spells. Deforestation has led to increased sedimentation rates, degrading water quality. These findings underscore the significant anthropogenic and climatic impacts on LULCC dynamics and hydrological processes in the catchment. The study emphasizes the critical need for integrated watershed management strategies to mitigate these impacts and ensure sustainable water management practices. By advancing understanding in hydrological sciences, this research informs policy and management decisions for sustainable development in tropical river basins globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the concept of machinability by considering the dynamic, tribological, and thermo-mechanical interactions encountered at the tool-chip-machined surface interfaces. The paper provides a demonstration of the capabilities and gaps of the physics-based models for the characterization of the machining performance and the prediction of machinability of difficult-to-cut materials, including additively manufactured (AM) materials, nanocrystalline (NC) materials, fibre reinforced polymers (FRP), metal matrix composites reinforced with ceramic hard particles (MMC), and ceramic matrix composites (CMC). The utilization of efficient computation methods for accurate prediction of force, torque, power consumption, cutting temperature, deflection errors, vibration amplitudes, chatter stability, and thermomechanical interactions in the tool-workpiece system is discussed. The development of thermally-activated dissolution-diffusion wear models to describe the chemical reactions at the tool-chip-workpiece contact interfaces is also presented. These predictions are critical for identifying multi-objectives optimal machining conditions. The integration of predictive machining models within the framework of digital twins in cyber-physical spaces, for in-process monitoring and adaptive control, is demonstrated. Future research for developing new models that can characterize the machinability of AM and NC materials, by considering the effects of varying material microstructure and anisotropy, is presented for conventional and micro-machining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal cutting is considered a process of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and often compared to other SPD processes used to develop submicron and nanostructured metallurgical structure in metallics materials. To validate this assumption, a proper determination of the distribution of plastic strain in the machined surface and subsurface is required. This research work deals with the determination of the distribution of the plastic strain in the machined surface and subsurface in orthogonal cutting of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy using both experimental and modeling approaches. Plastic strain distribution in the machined subsurface is determined experimentally using in-situ Digital Image Correlation (DIC), while numerical simulation using FEM is used to determine plastic strain distribution up to the machined surface. The experimental plastic strain distribution obtained by DIC and by X-ray diffraction peak broadening is used to validate the predicted plastic strain distribution obtained by FEM simulation. The results show a strong gradient of plastic strain in a thin layer less than 50 µm, with high plastic strain values at the machined surface exceeding 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin-walled aluminium components used in the structure of aircrafts are subjected to fatigue loads. Fatigue performance of those components is affected by the surface integrity generated in the last machining step. This paper proposes an analytical model to identify the fatigue crack initiation site considering the surface topography, residual stresses (RS) and mechanical properties induced by machining. To validate the model fatigue samples of aluminium 7050-T7451 were prepared by face milling. Machining-induced RS were measured by hole-drilling and the surface topography of the gauge region of the fatigue samples was characterised using a confocal microscope. Then, uniaxial fatigue tests were done at R = 0.1 and subsequently the fracture was analysed. The model predicted nucleation of cracks at the surface when the stress amplitude was above 290 MPa. Fatigue tests done at an amplitude of 350 MPa confirmed crack initiation at the points with the highest stress concentration predicted by the model. By contrast, the cracks were nucleated at the side of the samples when the stress amplitude was below 290 MPa. In fact, compressive RS induced by face milling protected the surface from crack nucleation at lower applied stresses as predicted by the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The perfusion of a part of the lung depends on its distance from the pulmonary trunk (differences in vascular resistance) and on the horizontal plane (differences in hydrostatic pressure). The aim of this study was to determine the geometric parameters characterising their positions and sizes in order to analyse the diffusion of the ventilation/perfusion ratio. Material and methods: A developed virtual respiratory system has been supplemented with an appropriate model of pulmonary circulation that uses a lung outline that is divided into parts based on an anatomical atlas and a CT image; it comprises a 3D geometric model of the lungs that was developed using the Inventor CAD software (Autodesk, Inc, San Francisco, USA). Each panel was divided into 2 horizontal and 8 vertical parts; the 16-part division was then modified. Results: When taking human lungs as a research object and simulating their accompanying physical, biological, or biochemical phenomena, one necessary task is to construct a spatial model of the lungs that takes into account, and maintains awareness of, the limitations of the source of data that is relied upon. The developed modified geometric model of lung division turned out to be useful and was successfully applied to a virtual patient, among others, as part of the VirRespir project. Conclusions: Finally, we can conclude that the virtual cardiorespiratory system thus elaborated may serve as a proper tool for the preliminary analysis of such complex interactions, considering the elaborated model of the lung's divisions and its future improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantification of states, corporations, nature or self has become pervasive in the past 40 years. The water world’s struggles are rife with, and shaped by, numbers, indicators, metrics and models. This review explores how the production, promotion and use of 'water numbers' conceals deeply political processes, hypotheses, worldviews, intents, old habits and new fashions. Whether embodied in scientific or expert practices, or in indicators, thresholds, water accounts or cost–benefit analyses, water numbers promote specific values and interests; they also obfuscate complexity, heterogeneities and uncertainties, they manufacture legitimacy and authority, and they act as control devices to shape behaviour. We offer a more detailed analysis of water indicators that describe water scarcity, ecological status, progress towards SDG 6, and embody New Public Management principles. We end with a call for critical water studies to more forcefully engage with these debates, in line with the centrality of quantification in water management and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports by the 2023 Global Commission on the Economics of Water (GCEW) claim that a global water crisis is underway because the world is close to its upper planetary boundary for water. We contend that these reports are flawed in two distinct ways: 1) their use of the planetary boundaries framework as a sweeping narrative lacks justification, ignores alternative framings and disregards scale; and 2) their numeracy is substandard, with arithmetic errors and overstated numerical accuracy. These flaws cast a shadow on the GCEW’s capacity to convey robust knowledge about the water cycle and water scarcity. Rather than acting as an honest broker to explore potential policy scenarios based on our best available water science, the GCEW resembles an instrument to further the planetary boundaries framework and its associated scientific, political and economic interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It fluctuates in most countries in the world regardless of whether the countries are been developed, developing or underdeveloped. The widespread effects of inflation have a significant impact on most countries including Nigeria because it is a global phenomenon influenced by variety of factors such as economic growth and monetary policy. This paper proposes the application of K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to predict the inflation rate and its transition patterns in Nigeria with Secondary data collected from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) official website. Empirical analysis revealed that GDP per capita show a significant influence in inflation rate and contributes to inflation forecasting in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As part of the Europe-wide smart health innovation hub implemented in the context of the Horizon Europe SHIFT-HUB project, our work concerns the identification of specific medical research ecosystems in the two fields, namely cardiovascular diseases and mental illness, with Cologne as the central location. To achieve this aim, the websites of involved organizations were used for data research purposes, and the members of each respective ecosystem or network were identified by acquiring information about their cooperation partners. A variety of selection criteria have been applied to filter out whether these partners were suitable to be considered as a further starting point for the research. The results indicate the existence of ecosystems in the two fields, with Cologne as the central location, in which various stakeholders, including healthcare institutions, healthcare providers, foundations, NGOs, and the business community, work closely together. Larger institutions are usually networked at an international level, while smaller institutions increasingly depend on and foster regional partnerships. This promotes cooperation and the exchange of knowledge at the regional level and facilitates direct contact with the people affected, i.e., patients' groups. Research institutions in both fields often receive financial support from commercial organizations, which highlights the importance of the business community's involvement in exploiting research results and promoting the quality of healthcare. The article highlights the complexity and interdisciplinarity of the particular ecosystems, with all the different categories of institutions comprising an indispensable position. The interaction amongst stakeholders at international, regional, and local levels can significantly help to deploy resources more effectively and improve the quality of life of people suffering from any of the two conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential use of natural materials or microbial biomass for effective dye removal from water, combined with simultaneous antimicrobial activity, is crucial for environmental and biomedical applications. Functionalized oyster shell waste nanoparticles (OY-NPs) were synthesized and utilized for efficient biosorption of Congo red (CR) and bromothymol blue (BB) dyes from solution, exhibiting promising antibacterial properties against gram-negative bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli (E. coli), in wastewater. Employing response surface methodology and central composite design, the impact of key process variables; pH, initial concentration, time, and adsorbent doses were investigated. Characterization through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform irradiation, and x-ray diffraction analyses revealed mesoporous crystalline structures rich in CaCO 3 , featuring prominent functional groups such as C–O, C O, and O-H. Optimization of batch experiments yielded peak efficiency at pH 3.3, initial concentration of 72.34 mg/L, contact time of 84.44 min, and a dosage of 0.1 for CR and BB, achieving a desirability coefficient of 1.0. Equilibrium studies aligned with the Langmuir isotherm model determined coefficient (R2 > 0.977), while kinetic experiments correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.9). OY-NPs demonstrated optimal adsorption capacities of 84.77 and 180.61 mg/g for CR and BB, respectively, with spontaneous and endothermic removal. Reusability studies showcased consistently high adsorption efficiency over 5 cycles, highlighting the eco-friendly and recyclable potential of OY-NPs for wastewater treatment applications. The observed antibacterial activity further supports their suitability for antimicrobial applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The location of level crossings for pedestrian circulation is a safety issue due to potential human losses and material damage. This problem has become a concern in urban and industrial environments due to the characteristics of rail systems and unsafe pedestrian behaviour. Research reveals that psychological and infrastructural factors influence pedestrians' decision-making when crossing railroad lines. One of these is the convenience that leads pedestrians to cross at the nearest point. However, investigations to date only study the impact of location on the risk and severity of crashes and pedestrian rule violations. The current research is quasi-experimental, i.e., no optimisation tool has been developed to determine which crossing points pedestrians should follow. Therefore, this research develops a mathematical model for locating level crossings at railways to minimise the total weighted-walked distance. A genetic algorithm was proposed for solving the model, especially for large-size problems. The algorithm parameters were calibrated using the design of experiments and ten instances based on the characteristics of the area under study. The obtained results provide (1) the location of the level crossings and (2) the route pedestrians should follow for each origin-destination pair based on the facilities adjacent to the rail lines. A sensitivity analysis was performed using the ten instances to determine how the location of the level crossings changes with modifications in the facilities' location. Results showed that the model provides alternative solutions according to the problem's size. This study delivers a methodology for practitioners and stakeholders of transportation systems. • A model for locating level crossing in railway lines to minimise walked distance. • A genetic algorithm was developed and calibrated for solving any problem size. • Sensitivity analysis shows the solution flexibility under changes in the system. • A useful tool for stakeholders of any transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, order reduction of tenth-order single-machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) system is proposed with the help of matching of time moments (TMs) and Markov parameters (MPs) utilizing Routh array (RA) approximation. The unknown denominator coefficients of desired reduced-order model (ROM) are obtained by RA approximation method. The RA approximation method is simple in application. Moreover, stability of desired ROM can be ensured directly using RA approximation. The determination of numerator coefficients is done by matching of TMs and MPs of system and desired ROM. To show the effectiveness of proposed method, comparative analysis is performed. The ROMs already obtained by researchers for SMIB system using different methods are compared on the basis of time-domain specifications (TDSs). TDSs considered are rise time, settling time, undershoot, overshoot, peak and peak time. The comparative analysis considering performance error criteria (PEC) such as integral of absolute error, integral of time absolute error, integral of time-squared absolute error (IT 2 AE), integral of squared-error, integral of time-squared-error (IT 2 SE) and integral of time-squared square error (IT 2 SE) is also provided. The tabulated values of TDSs and PEC along with plots prove applicability of proposed method for order reduction of SMIB system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Atmosphere -- Ocean (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contact precautions (CPs) have been widely implemented in hospitals, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), as the standard approach for managing meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, the effectiveness of CPs in preventing MRSA transmission remains a subject of debate. To assess the effectiveness of CPs in reducing MRSA transmission within ICUs. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using data from 16 sets of parameters collected from 13 field studies investigating the effectiveness of CPs in ICUs, and an epidemiologic model was developed to simulate the dynamics of MRSA incidence in the hospital setting. The analysis demonstrated a mean reduction of 20.52% (95% confidence interval -30.52 to 71.60%) in the MRSA transmission rate associated with the implementation of CPs. Furthermore, reducing the time-delay of screening tests and increasing the percentage of patients identified with MRSA through screening at admission were found to contribute to the effectiveness of CPs. Proper implementation of CPs, with a particular emphasis on early identification of MRSA-colonized/infected patients, demonstrated a strong association with reduced MRSA transmission within the hospital setting. However, further research is necessary to investigate the effectiveness and safety of decolonization and other interventions used in conjunction with CPs to mitigate the risk of infection among colonized patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a global approach for implementing Digital Predictive Maintenance (DPM), based on the principles of the digital industry. The proposed approach is applicable at both academic and professional scales, across all sectors and all sizes of organisations. This approach consists of four main phases: the identification of the system or work environment, the identification of the specific targets that justify the adoption of digital maintenance, the choice of appropriate digital technologies for predictive maintenance and the implementation of maintenance X.0 at all levels (i.e., strategic, tactical and/or operational). To validate this approach, the healthcare sector was chosen as a field of application. The uninterrupted operation of facilities and equipment in this sector is paramount. The adoption of maintenance X.0, which has already demonstrated significant benefits in other sectors, would be of great value in the healthcare sector. By applying our approach to the Pneumatic Tube System (PTS) at the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (actually) in Rabat, Morocco, we have succeeded in introducing a structured and streamlined implementation of DPM in the healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of Industry 4.0 and beyond, intelligent and reliable models are vital for processes and assets. Models in smart manufacturing involve combining knowledge-based and data-driven methods with discrete and continuous modelling components. Formalism choice determines models' strengths and weaknesses in accuracy, efficiency, robustness, and explainability. Hybrid models seem to be the only way to address the complexity of modern industrial systems with respect to different and conflicting quality criteria. This study focuses on three paradigms: Petri nets, cellular automata, and neural network driven deep learning. We create four hybrids: Petri nets controlling deep neural networks, and vice versa; cellular automata controlling deep neural networks, and vice versa. These hybrids combine explainable discrete models with continuous black-box models, enhancing either explainability with robustness or elevating accuracy with efficiency. The flexibility of these and similar hybrids enable enhancement of the scope and quality of modeling and simulation in smart manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investment project management is a crucial component of the economic development of any country region, including Ukraine. Each project goes through certain stages in the implementation, while competent management activity plays a very distinct role. The main objectives of this study were to highlight the current issues of project management in the context of building the potential for regional development and to create a model for managing various investment projects that would be most suitable for the majority of Ukrainian entrepreneurs and to increase the efficiency of their functioning. The methods used quite actively in this study were analysis, deduction, induction, historical, modelling and others. The researchers define the essence of the concept of investment project, in particular, as a set of processes (planning, execution, management analysis) where the project is born and implemented. At the same time, all of the processes described above have subcomponents also characterized by certain features. This approach helped to describe in detail and consider the essence of investment project management. This work also shows that the most effective methodology for enterprise managing processes can be network planning and governing. It has certain comparative advantages, helping to depict the future planned management and implementation process in the form of graphs and models and to manage all internal processes during the project life cycle quite effectively, including technological and production steps. Therefore, this work brings new knowledge to the management theory, opening the way to a different view of the basic principles of investment project management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frog-legged robots are commonly used for silicon wafer handling in semiconductor manufacturing. However, their precision, speed and versatility are limited by vibration which varies with their position in the workspace. This paper proposes a methodology for modelling the pose-dependent vibration of a frog-legged robot as a function of its changing inertia, and its experimentally-identified joint stiffness and damping. The model is used to design a feedforward tracking controller for compensating the pose-dependent vibration of the robot. In experiments, the proposed method yields 65–73% reduction in RMS tracking error compared to a baseline controller designed for specific poses of the robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current methods for modeling hybrid additive manufacturing are computationally inefficient for use in optimization algorithms. An analytical tool is needed to understand how cycling thermal and mechanical loads via 3D printing and cold working reshapes cumulative residual stress within a build volume. A novel analytical model was developed that couples beam theory and superposition to rapidly predict cumulative residual stress. Modeling results were experimentally validated on AlSi10Mg after laser shock peening prescribed layers during powder bed fusion. Results demonstrated a vertically translating heat-affected zone, and the use of beam-based superposition accurately accounted for residual stress redistribution from cyclic printing and peening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new analytical model for prediction of cutting forces in binary materials such as metal matrix composites (MMC) based on the cutting power. The model considers the effect of matrix shearing, reinforcement particles fracture and debonding as well as frictional contact between the tool and the particles to predict cutting forces required to form free surfaces. Linear orthogonal cutting on Al2124-SiC MMC with different cutting speed and depth of cuts were performed. The developed model shows a better performance compared with other available models in the literature to predict cutting forces while the experimental results reveal shearing and fracture as the main chip formation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new abrasive flow polishing method with a ferromagnetic blockage placed inside tube was proposed for finishing internal surface of slender tubes with varying diameters. A mathematic model was established to calculate the blockage's profile. Results indicate that the special designed ferromagnetic blockage provides an effective tool to adjust the flow velocity and pressure, and thus controlling local material removal. Axial tool marks were removed by rotating the workpiece during polishing. A uniform internal surface (Sa < 40 nm) was achieved when finishing a puncture needle with diameters ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 mm (initial Sa 600 - 1200 nm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polishing torque holds significance in monitoring the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process due to its close correlation with material removal. This study introduces a new model-based technique for estimating the material removal rate (MRR) using in-process data from CMP machines. The proposed method employs either the sequential least squares method or Kalman filter for real-time state estimation. Real-time estimation of MRR enables material removal control without relying on conventional endpoint detection (EDP) technologies. The accuracy of the proposed approach is validated through oxide CMP experiments, demonstrating precise estimation of the center-slowed MRR profile towards the end of the pad life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wire DED-LB/M AM process is fast, cost-effective and it creates high-quality, dense parts. However, its industrial adoption is limited since process stability needs complex monitoring devices and tools. This work proposes a twofold strategy to resolve this issue; A fast-running, physics-based simulation tool calculates the temperature field during the building of single walls, while, an affordable vision-based monitoring system captures the melt pool dimensions that are correlated to the temperature and reveal heat accumulation. Therefore, real-time process stability control is enabled. An infrared thermal camera is used to validate the model and calibrate the monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research is to find and substantiate a correlation between time decentrations and selfregulation of junior athletes under changed conditions of competitive activity. Methods. The main methods of a summative strategy of the research with elements of comparison were two valid and reliable psycho-diagnostic instruments: an adapted version of the questionnaire "Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory" (Zimbardo & Gonzalez, 1984) and a modified version of the questionnaire "Style of Self-regulation of Behavior" (Morosanova, 2004). Objective observation and structured interviews with data recorded in specialized protocol forms were supplementary research methods. Standard coefficients were employed to identify statistically significant differences. Results: The concept of time decentrations was defined, emphasizing their significance in junior sports. Seventeen statistically significant correlations were established (p = .050; p = .010). Temporal decentralization future (TDF) and temporal decentralization positive past (TDPP) exhibited the highest number of correlations, with six each. The strongest positive correlation of TDF with "Planning Training Activity" (PTA) (rs = .311; p = .010) was established. It was substantiated that the strongest correlation between the dimensions "Planning Training Activity" (rs = .311; p = .010) with Temporal Decentralization Future in combination with the other two strong (p = .010) correlations of the dimension "Independence of Decision-Making": TDF (rs = .302) and TDPP (rs = .221) constitute an efficient self-regulation construct of achieving a victory result under changed conditions of competitive activity. Comparison of self-regulation parameters of respondents of an optimal profile (Group II) and a general profile (Group I) of time decentration was performed. Statistically significant differences (p = .050; p = .010) were found by three self-regulation parameters: "Planning Training Activity", "Modelling Competitive Activity" and "Independence of Decision-Making". Discussion and conclusions. The identified differences between time decentrations possess scientific novelty and are valuable for tactical-technical preparation of junior athletes. Operationalization of the obtained results can increase resourcefulness of junior athletes and create a competitive advantage over rivals under usual and changed conditions of competitive activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurance represents an important but often overlooked component to managing and mitigating the impact of terrorism. It plays a key role in enhancing resilience to terrorism especially regarding high intensity terrorist campaigns or high impact terrorist attacks. Extremely little attention however has focused on how the insurance industry assesses and calculates terrorism risk and what the implications may be of this. This research article provides for the first time an overview of the three main terrorism risk-modelling platforms that are used in the insurance market today: Touchstone, RMS Probabilistic Terrorism Mode (PTM), and Sunstone. The article assesses the different approaches to threat and loss calculation that each of the models take. The anlaysis reveals that while the three models all approach the projection of terrorism loss in a broadly similar manner, there are variations in focus, which results in a significant difference in terrorism outlook and projected loss. The discussion concludes by considering some of the implications of these variations as well as potential avenues forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents formulations for time-based first-order and second-order high-pass, shelf, and notch filters. These formulations are an extension to the existing literature where low-pass filters are already developed using a multiphase controlled oscillator in conjunction with a phase detector and charge pump. The presented high-pass filter expands the circuit by introducing a current-controlled delay line (CCDL) that provides a direct path from input to output. By combining the high-pass filter with the low-pass filter, we show that shelf and notch filters can be obtained without an increase in circuit complexity compared to the high-pass filter. The results show good matching between the ideal small signal and the simulated time-based large signal frequency response. The simulated of total harmonic distortion for the filters shows an increase in distortion due to the nonlinearities introduced by the CCDL for the high-pass, notch, and shelf filter compared to the existing low-pass filter. The derivation of the new filter types allows the creation of complex high-order time-based filters by combining multiple first- or second-order filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports how ethics of care principles were foregrounded in a first-year English module offered at an open distance e-learning (ODeL) university in South Africa to enhance online student engagement. Current research indicates that online student engagement predicts student success; however, there is a paucity of how ethics of care principles can be foregrounded in online student interaction to enhance student participation. The researcher used an action research approach to explore the students' and lecturers' interactions in this module. Their interactions on the discussion forum over four semesters were carefully analysed to establish whether ethics of care principles were displayed. Interviews were also conducted with the lecturers concerned to determine their views on care ethics. Data was also collected through pre- and post-student evaluations of the module, and evaluations of the virtual class conducted during the semester. The key findings indicated that the students understood care as collaboration and respect in online interactions. Despite the lecturers displaying little or no awareness of the principles, their comments resonated with some care principles. Future research should focus on how the ethics of care principles can be integrated into online interaction while teaching an online English module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are revolutionising fields of science and engineering. In recent years, process engineering has widely benefited from this novel modelling and optimisation approach. The open literature can offer several examples of their applications to chemical engineering problems. Increasing investments are devoted to these techniques from different industrial areas, but insufficient information on a structured course covering these topics in a chemical engineering curriculum could be found. The course in this paper intends to reduce this gap. We introduce one of the first courses on artificial intelligence applications in a chemical engineering curriculum. The course targets Master's students with a chemical engineering background and insufficient knowledge of statistical approaches. It covers the main aspects by utilising frontal lectures and hands-on exercises with active learning methods. This paper shows the methodology we adapted to introduce students to machine learning techniques and how they responded to each class. The student performances for each test are shown, as well as the survey results based on student feedback and suggestions. This work contains essential guidelines for educators who will provide an artificial intelligence course in a chemical engineering curriculum. • An AI course for chemical engineers is given as one of the first attempts in Europe. • The course is structured into frontal and hands-on lessons. • Modelling and optimisation techniques via AI were shown to the students. • Applications of developed models were explained to the students. • Students can apply basic AI in chemical engineering tasks after this course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital integrated electronics benefits from its higher abstraction level, allowing optimisation methods and automated workflows. However, analogue integrated circuit design is still predominantly done manually, leading to lengthy design cycles. This paper proposes a new systematic design approach for the sizing of analogue integrated circuits to address this issue. The method utilises a surrogate optimisation technique that approximates a simple monomial function based on few simulation results. These monomials are convex and can be optimised using a simple linear optimisation routine, resulting in a single global optimal solution. We show that monomial functions, in many cases, have an analytic relation to integrated circuits, making them well suited for the application. The method is demonstrated by designing a 14 MHz pseudodifferential voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with minimised current consumption and is manufactured in a 180 nm process. The measured total current matches the predicted and is lower than that for other similar state-of-theart VCOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem. There is a problem of determining the working parameters, including axial feed and cutting speed, as well as the helix angle of the teeth of the disc cutter and the tool spindle, the geometry of the cutting part, and the cutting depth per pass in Power skiving technology. Objective. It is necessary to investigate the cutting process using the Power Skiving method for generating external gears over multiple passes and develop recommendations for selecting its optimal parameters. Implementation methodology. The cutting force and its tangential component acting on the cutter are presented based on the fundamental principles of cutting theory, using the function of the cross-sectional area of the cut, the material strength limits of the workpiece for shear, and the intensity of plastic deformation of the chip. Calculations of the cut area are based on a graphoanalytical 3D model of the undeformed chip. The coefficient of shear intensity is determined depending on the thickness of the cut layers using the Deform 2D system. The study of the force factors is conducted in the initial stage for single-tooth cutting, considering the operation of a single tooth of the tool, and for multi-tooth cutting conditions, corresponding to real cutting and forming conditions in this method. Results. Analysis of harmonic vibrations with different frequencies of the investigated forces indicates that, under average loading, the maximum principal component of the cutting force occurs on the third pass, and the tangential force on the tool axis occurs on the first pass. The variation in the frequency of these signals is explained by changes in the contact angle between the tool and the gear wheel in the machine engagement and the different number of teeth involved in cutting. Conclusions. The obtained data allowed the development of a methodology for selecting rational parameters - axial feed values, the number of passes with different cutting depths to minimize time consumption, and achieve the desired accuracy of gears. It has been demonstrated that to reduce processing errors, it is most rational to decrease cutting force by increasing the number of passes, rather than reducing the axial feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrological modeling is crucial for understanding and predicting water-related processes. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have emerged as powerful tools for this purpose, utilizing the structure and functions of the biological brain to model complex patterns and forecast hydrological issues. Hence, this study reviews the optimization of artificial neural networks for hydrological modeling. Data obtained reveals that the choice of transfer function significantly impacts the performance of hydrological models, and optimizing it can improve accuracy, precision, and reliability. More so, an optimized transfer function provides interpretability, aligning with the physical understanding of the hydrological system and making the model outputs more meaningful. By optimizing artificial neural network transfer functions and employing other optimization strategies, hydrological models can better simulate and predict water-related processes. This advancement can lead to more effective water resource management and decisionmaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to propose a new method for the easy, inexpensive and objective quantification of nystagmus using eye-tracking records collected during a simple reading task that could be implantable in clinical practice to assess patients with nystagmus. This is a prospective, observational pilot study. Eye movements of 4 nystagmus patients and 9 healthy children during a reading task (a paragraph with 82 words) on a 15′' monitor were collected and compared. Data are time series indicating the gaze position on the screen. Two quantifiers were proposed: IndS (based on the speed of movements) and IndF (based on the variation of the gaze trajectory). The indices proposed reflect differences in the behavior of eye movements between the two groups. Nystagmus patients present higher values of IndS - indicating smaller number of slow movements (16% of movements with speeds <0.33 1/s for nystagmus and 85% for the control group, with p = 0.01) - and higher values of IndF - indicating higher gaze fluctuation (p = 0.01). Differences were not related with reading speed as show the mean and standard deviation: the nystagmus group required 115±45 s to complete the task and the control group 151±85 s; p = 0.73. The proposed indices provide a new method that allows an objective assessment of nystagmus, with potential use in clinical and research practice to improve the follow-up of patients by monitoring the nystagmus over time or treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology is the property of Speech-Language & Audiology Canada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growing interest in the long-term performance of pile foundations and their ability to resist the negative effects of water exposure and aggressive environmental conditions has led to considering non-corrosive materials such as fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP). The most common applications are light-bearing structures in waterfront environments, while applications for larger structures have not been widely accepted in industry due to the lack of long-term records and design guidelines available. In this study, a numerical model using the finite element method was developed to simulate small-scale load tests of hollow carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) piles in soft clay. The findings of this research indicate that the number of FRP layers impacts loading behaviour significantly, while inner tube soil height has a reasonable influence on axial load response and fibre orientation has a minor effect under lateral load conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to bring the bone broth-based sauce into powder form by microwave assisted hot air drying method and to determine the drying characteristics of this product. Bone broth-based sauces were dried at the drying temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 °C, and at the microwave powers of 90, 180 and 360 W, until a moisture content of 10% (dry basis). The moisture ratio (MR) was significantly influenced by the drying temperature and microwave power. Ten kinetic models were selected to evaluate MR data, with regard to adjusted regression coefficient (R2), the reduced chi-square (χ2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Midilli and Page models exhibited a better fit for the drying kinetics of bone broth-based sauce than the other drying models tested. In addition, the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) and activation energy (Ea) values were 1.27 × 10−7 m2/s and 27 kJ/mol, respectively. Consequently, these results can be used to simulate the microwave assisted hot air drying of bone broth-based sauce and improve the efficiency of the drying process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses an application of the sliding mode control (SMC) in active suspension systems, with particular focus on its use in the mass-spring-damper (MSD) systems. The article highlights advantages of the SMC over traditional control methods, such as improved robustness and insensitivity to parameter variations. The use of active elements in the MSD systems, such as the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), is also discussed. The article presents the mathematical modeling of the MSD system and the development of the sliding mode controller. Simulation tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the system, and the results are presented by means of the power spectral density and transmission function. The article concludes that although chattering effect occurs in the proposed control system and the desired force is well reproduced in a horizontal seat suspension, a slight delay of the system response is presented. The results of this study suggest that the proposed SMC control strategy is a promising solution for improving the ride comfort and stability of seat suspension systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production planning poses major challenges due to high product diversity, high fluctuations in demand and strong dynamic fluctuations in delivery quantities and times. This makes automation of production planning increasingly necessary to enable optimized sequence planning based on current production data. Production control systems (PRS) offer the possibility of automatic corrective actions in the event of deviations from the specified target dates. Production, PRS and data acquisition are considered as a single control loop and are the subject of various development and research topics. However, automatic interventions in planning and control can lead to serious disruptions if there are errors in the software of the PRS. Therefore, testing and validation of PRS is a crucial factor in development, but is hardly possible in real production environments due to the availability of physical manufacturing facilities and the associated risks. Therefore, in the scope of the paper, a concept for a software framework is proposed to provide a test environment for a PRS. A virtual production environment, which can be combined with the PRS and parameterized in form of a discrete-event simulation, offers the possibility to test the PRS. It is also possible to couple the simulation with a reference calculation to show the behavior of the production environment. The entire framework is designed to enable the identification of critical machines and times as well as, in further steps, the detection of software errors in the PRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to estimate the tear and tensile strength of woven fabrics while considering a number of construction factors. Construction variables include ends per cm (EPCm), picks per cm (PPCm), an overall configuration of yarn, and fabric's amal density or grams per square meter (GSM). While the statistical relationship in deciding the fabric strength is very complicated considering all variables, the correlation-regression model is used to explain the influence of structural parameters on the tear and tensile strength of various fundamental fabrics' designs. With different thread densities varying reed counts, and heald count using 100 percent cotton yarn having 36.9 tex, eight different designs of plain, twill, and sateen are prepared for the study. Four regression models, built to predict the tear and tensile strength of the sample woven fabrics, are vital components of this research. It is noticed that the setting of yarn affects the tensile strength of the fabrics, and the fabric pattern determines the tear strength of the fabrics. For higher tear strength, matt weave, and tensile strength, a twill structure is desired within this scope of the fabric structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yarn level modelling of warp knitted structures is a complex process. For structures placed on the plane, it is well investigated and there are a few software solutions and papers reported. This paper considers the simulation of warp knitted structure, deformed in the 3D space. Especially the modelling of the areas of high curvature are detailed observed. Underlaps with longer lengths makes an unreal visualization for simulation results. Different pattern with different length of the underlaps are modelled with original algorithm developed by the authors. Modelling and visualization problems in the areas with long underlaps are discussed and possible solutions are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical modelling, namely finite element modelling, is a standardised tool in many branches of engineering. In textile engineering, due to the complexity of the structure, many limitations occur in using this approach. Despite the limitations the finite element modelling of textiles has huge potential for the future. This contribution deals with FE modelling of tensile test in wale and course direction of single jersey knitted fabric. The meso level of the structure was chosen for the model, so it could be possible to track the behaviour of yarn interlacement during the simulated deformation. The virtual model was created according to parameters of single jersey knitted fabric sample, which was produced from polyester monofilament. By using monofilament instead of staple yarn, contacts between fibres in yarn could be excluded in FE model preparation. Two different computational programs were used for simulations - MSC Marc Metant for implicit computing approach and ANSYS LS-DYNA for explicit computing approach. The results from implicit and explicit solver were compared and discussed. Validation of models was done and results were included in the discussion. Due to big deformations of textiles, explicit solver appears to be more suitable for finite element modelling in textile engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the state-of-the-art in modeling and simulation of surface texture and topography generation at micro and nano dimensional scales. Three main classes of manufacturing processes used for the generation of engineering surfaces are considered: material removal processes, material conservative processes, and material additive processes. Types of modeling techniques for the simulation of surface generation are reviewed and discussed including analytical models, numerical multi-physics models, and data-driven methods. After presenting the application of those modeling techniques for the prediction of characteristics and geometry of surfaces generated by different manufacturing processes, their performance, implementation, and accuracy are discussed. Finally, a roadmap for the realization of a complete surface generation digital twin in manufacturing is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of studying the process of icing is important due to the operation of large ships and fishing vessels in the seas of the Arctic Ocean. In this paper the ice accretion simulation for fishing vessel has been done at different Reynolds and Froude numbers. A hybrid approach was used for modeling: first, the approach based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model and volume of fluid (VOF) method with interDyMFoam solver was used for ship modelling in waves, second, RANS model and Euler-Lagrangian approach with iceFoam solver for ice accretion process modelling for ship with hull was applied. The k-ω SST turbulence model with wall functions was used for the RANS model. With the help of the interDyMFoam solver, the position of water jet and liquid droplets in space were determined during the movement of the ship and taking into account the waves in the sea. With the help of iceFoam solver, the process of ice accretion on the surface of the vessel was modeled. The calculations were run for different number Reynolds, Froude. The analysis of mesh convergency was done. The distribution of ice thickness and water film on the ship's surface is obtained. The simulations were performed on a high-performance cluster in parallel mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a prominent way in which social simulations can contribute (and have contributed) to the advance of science; namely, by refuting some of our incorrect beliefs about how the real world works. More precisely, social simulations can produce counter-examples that reveal something is wrong in a prevailing scientific assumption. Indeed, here we argue that this is a role that many well-known social simulation models have played, and it may be one of the main reasons why such well-known models have become so popular. To test this hypothesis, here we examine several popular models in the social simulation literature and we find that all these models are most naturally interpreted as providers of compelling and reproducible (computer-generated) evidence that refuted some assumption or belief in a prevailing theory. By refuting prevailing theories, these models have greatly advanced science and, in some cases, have even opened a new field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue is one of the vector borne diseases that threatened human race. It is imperative to understand the transmission dynamics of dengue, so that proficient and useful control can be developed. In this paper, we formulated dynamic transmission of two strains super-infection dengue. We used next generation matrix to obtain the basic reproduction numbers R 1 , R 2 , R 12 . The obtained basic reproduction numbers are then used to test for stabilities whenever R 1 < 1 , R 2 < 1 , R 12 < 1 , disease free-equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable or otherwise unstable. We also carried out numerical simulation with the aid of python software. Our results reveal that decreasing the value of tansmission probability α , slows down the spread of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting pharmaceutical stock inventory is a complex problem affecting the healthcare industry across the globe. South Australia is no different. This prompted SA Pharmacy to collaborate with a team of researchers at the University of South Australia to explore ways of projecting inventory for their state-wide services. In this paper, we utilised industry-supplied time-series data to train prediction models using linear regression, exponential smoothing, Holt Winters Seasonal Additive, and Holt Winters Seasonal Additive + damped algorithms. Among these models, the study identified the Holt Winters Seasonal Additive + damped algorithm is the best performing based on an RMSE of 408. We developed a dashboard to consolidate this data and visualise organisational metrics related to optimizing pharmaceutical stock inventory for SA Pharmacy. This study presents our findings and our pharmaceutical dashboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The roll forming process represents one of the main shares on the global production of sheet metal products. Due to reduced batch sizes and delivery times, demanded by the current market, an increase in efficiency and flexibility needs to be implemented. Since set-up processes are time-consuming, they need to be optimised to meet these goals. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of variations of mechanical characteristics of a standard roll forming mill in reproduction processes. Experiments and simulations are used to derive the reasons for these variations. Different individual characteristics in rigidity and play lead to different values of geometric features of a produced profile. Additionally, the interconnection between tool adjustments prior to the production line, the sheet response, tool behaviour and resulting work points in the process could be identified. This helps to gain a deeper understanding of the process and forms the basis to develop efficient geometric reproduction processes for recurring profile geometries. Subsequently effort on a roll forming machine in changeover processes is reduced without the need to integrate additional sensors in such a machine. [Display omitted] • Roll forming passes do have significant scatter in play and stiffness. • Scatter in behaviour of passes can be widely explained by manufacturing tolerances. • Existing scatter of pass characteristics lead to varying profile geometries. • Prediction of tool gap and forces by knowledge of pass behaviour possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]