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• We synthesize interdisciplinary literature assessing climate-related impacts on human-nature interactions. • Most articles focus on physical and intellectual interactions but rarely on non-use values. • Climate-induced environmental changes have predominantly negative effects on human-nature interactions. • Research applying the ecosystem services framework needs a better integration of socio-cultural aspects for deeper insights. Despite growing evidence that climate-related environmental changes impact cultural ecosystem services (CES), a profound and nuanced understanding of such changes remains limited. This study aims to identify and characterize how climate-related changes affect human-nature interactions and related non-material benefits. Through a systematic literature review, we synthesize an interdisciplinary body of research by (1) characterizing the types of human-nature interactions affected, (2) recording the assessment approaches used, (3) relating environmental changes to changes in human-nature interactions and (4) categorizing climate-related impacts on non-material benefits. The 192 articles addressed mostly recreation (65%), cultural identity (30%), and aesthetic value (18%), assessing environmental changes influencing the opportunities for human-nature interactions (38%), socio-cultural aspects such as demand, benefits, values, practices, and goods (31%), and both environmental and socio-cultural aspects (31%). Most studies mentioned multiple environmental changes (57%), such as changes in species, populations and communities, weather patterns and climatic conditions, and changes in habitat and environmental quality. These changes had predominantly negative effects on non-material benefits (74% of 302 interactions across the studies), as well as neutral/undefined impacts (5.6%), positive (4.6%), or not significant impacts (4.3%). Mixed impacts were reported in 12% of the interactions, mostly mentioning negative impacts (97%). The impacts include changes in natural capacities, access and security, cultural practices and interactions, as well as spatial and temporal patterns, often resulting in a decline or even complete loss of benefits. To overcome conceptual and methodological limitations as well as to improve the consideration of climate-related impacts on non-material benefits in decision-making, greater efforts are required in adopting interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to co-produce knowledge that reflects specific perceptions and understandings of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature is valuable in diverse ways, including as a source of food and materials, as part of human cultures and identities, and as a community of living beings with their own interests and welfare. Since its formal establishment in 2012, IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) has endeavoured to synthesise this diversity of values, and to present it in policy-relevant ways. In this Perspective article, I propose and justify three major improvements to IPBES' treatment of values, with special focus on its Conceptual Framework and Values Assessment. First, a better alternative must be found to the recently proposed concept of 'relational values' because, paradoxically, this proposed concept constrains rather than promotes relational thinking, as well as entrenching dualisms between humans and nature. Second, IPBES must pay greater attention to the negative impacts of nature (its disvalues); failure to do so risks imbalanced environmental policies, as well as the alienation of people who have been harmed by nature and by environmental decision-making. Third, and to fully account for the diverse ways in which nature matters, IPBES must go beyond values and disvalues, and consider nature's status, bonds, and the trauma that can result from natural events and environmental degradation. It is only by reworking its frameworks and assessments in these three ways that IPBES can make full progress toward fairer and more effective environmental policy. • IPBES frameworks of values must expand rather than confine the scope for relational thinking. • They must also include nature's negative contributions (its disvalues). • Nature also matters in ways that cannot be reduced to values or disvalues: IPBES must account for these too. • Pursuing these three ways forward would greatly improve the fairness and effectiveness of IPBES policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nature's contributions to adaptation (NCA) are critical to achieve stakeholders' desired adaptation. • Unlike the social system, ecosystem capacity for ecosystem-based adaptation implementation is not limiting. • The local community will be most challenged for activating deep leverage points. • Combinations of NCA co-production actions and leverage points open windows of opportunities for adaptation. Ecosystems support the adaptation of societies to global changes through their contributions to people's quality of life. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) implementation remains a challenge and will require changes of practices, structures and processes underpinning human and nature interactions, also considered as co-production of nature's contributions to adaptation (NCA). We analysed the levers required to implement EBA to reach a future desired by stakeholders of a mountain social-ecological system in the French Alps. Using a participatory backcasting scenario approach and a serious game, local stakeholders were invited to design a desired vision for their region in 2040 and reflect on strategies and levers for reaching it. We analysed co-production actions required to achieve adaptation objectives aligned with the vision. We then assessed how local communities can leverage these actions to navigate a desired adaptation pathway. EBA and landscape multifunctionality are critical to achieve stakeholders' vision. EBA require substantial adjustments, transformations, or new co-production actions, but natural capital was not a limiting factor for adaptation. Synergies among multiple co-production actions create windows of opportunity for local communities to achieve their vision through the combination of social levers. However, most powerful levers, like collaborative decision-making or common strategy design, appeared the most difficult to activate. EBA is mainly constrained here by social barriers reflecting the lack of collaboration and communication among stakeholders. Recognizing potential contributions of ecosystems to adaptation by maintaining and developing NCA supply can help communities to re-structure and re-think their local social-ecological system to achieve desired and sustainable pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ES co-production as a concept aims at closing the link between the ecological and social systems. • It can demonstrate the conflicting values and trade-offs in the governance of aquatic ES. • Argument analysis methodology can support ES valuation and management. • It can assist stakeholders to recognize the diversity of arguments related to ES. The co-production of ecosystem services (ES) is an intertwined social-ecological process in which natural and anthropogenic contributions together produce a specific ES. Despite multiple studies in which ES trade-offs have been assessed, few empirical studies on arguments for biodiversity and ES exist, in which ES co-production function as a theoretical framework. In this paper, we study the co-production of aquatic ES and analyse political and legal arguments on biodiversity and ES in a long-standing dispute over hydropower and reservoir construction in the Kemi River basin, Finland. Specifically, we investigate what kinds of representations of ES co-production can be identified from stakeholder argumentation and in legal ruling. Our data consists of 26 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2017 and again 2019 to 2020, 144 news articles, and 4 administrative court resolutions. The results show that the arguments used by the stakeholders aim at maintaining the existing hydrological regime and expanding the use of natural resources, establishing river basin management that considers the multiple uses of river, including recreation, or protecting the last untouched stretches of the river and riparian ecosystems. The analysis also reveals that what is considered a valid and effective argument for specific audiences differs for political and legal audiences. The results of this study show that ES co-production concept set emphasis on the diversity of arguments, including the arguments on biodiversity and sociocultural values, which can contribute to governance and management interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Many invasive alien species in production lands and seas are beneficial. • Their instrumental values in people's livelihoods often constitute such benefits. • Beneficial invasive alien species tend to invite conflicts over their management. • A common short-term solution of such conflicts was identified. Effective management of invasive alien species (IAS) requires comprehensive stakeholder engagement and a clear understanding of how people interact with these species. Such interactions are particularly complex in socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS), where local communities and their environment are highly inter-dependent. We reviewed the scientific literature to determine current views of the positive and negative effects of IAS on local communities in SEPLS, with the goals of better understanding interactions between people and IAS, and devising effective management strategies. Of the 105 IAS investigated in the 57 journal papers we found on the topic, 31 species were reported as being purely undesirable for the local communities, while 30 species were reported as purely desirable, and 44 species were both undesirable and desirable. We found that the instrumental value of IAS often constitutes these desirable effects, and that desirable IAS were likely to invite controversy among stakeholders over its management. A common compromise to address such conflicts was to work with stakeholders for the containment of the IAS, while at the same time to retain or amplify its desirable effects on people to ensure their involvement. In the long-run, however, IAS management in SEPLS cannot be exempted from the need for long-term goals and the strategy leading toward them. Such a strategy should devise practical tools, such as stringent risk assessment and black- and white-listing as well as an option to eradicate or replace highly invasive species that fully takes into account different perspectives about IAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Biota Neotropica (Edicao em Iingles) is the property of Biota Neotropica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human-Nature nexuses are evident when we evaluate the different contributions of economic systems and ecosystems to human well-being. In this paper, the amount of services for well-being and the effectiveness in producing them has been assessed for the national economy and national ecosystem mosaic of Brazil, in historical series (1981–2011). The emergy methodology has been used as a tool able to evaluate different contributions to well-being on the same basis, thus allowing rightful comparisons. Results show that the monetary value of Nature’s contributions to national welfare is higher than contributions from the economy. Furthermore, ecosystems provide services in a more effective and sustainable way, relying on a lower amount of total resources and using exclusively renewable resources. In addition, Nature’s contributions are almost constant throughout the historical series considered, where services from the economy oscillate, representing a less stable source of well-being. This study confirms results already highlighted at the global and national scales by previous studies, adding a time-series perspective to that. These results inspire a re-consideration of the interactions among the biosphere and the technosphere in order to better address trade-offs between different forms of services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We provide a synthesis on emerging technologies in ES research, i.e., digital support for assessing ES. • Technologies support ES research due to low costs, high data availability, and high flexibility. • Constraints in processing performance and uncertainties in variables and models are current limitations. • Complementarity of technologies suggests that their combination can improve the understanding of ES. • Future research should increase access, transparency, communication, and transdisciplinary collaboration. Rapid technological development opens up new opportunities for assessing ecosystem services (ES), which may help to overcome current knowledge gaps and limitations in data availability. At the same time, emerging technologies, such as mobile devices, social media platforms, and artificial intelligence, give rise to a series of challenges and limitations. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the broad range of technologies that are increasingly used for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing data on ES, including Earth observation, mobile technologies, data science, modeling/simulation, immersive technologies, visualization, and web-based tools. To identify current opportunities and challenges, we systematically reviewed the literature on ES of the last 10 years (2012–2022). We first describe the state-of-the-art of emerging technologies, synthesizing their applicability, opportunities, and limitations. Then, we discuss open issues, future research needs, and potential for further applications in ES research. Our findings indicate great opportunities to increase knowledge on ES thanks to low costs, high data availability, and high flexibility of the technologies. We also find a strong potential to support decision-making, learning and communication. However, limitations and challenges related to the accuracy of the variables and models, accessibility to data, technologies, and information as well as ethical concerns need to be addressed by the research community to assure an inclusive and meaningful use of the technologies. Our findings also suggest that further insights into ES may be achieved through a better integration of different technologies in the future, e.g., Earth observation, data science, and web-based platforms, a stronger transdisciplinary collaboration to advance knowledge on ES, and by broadening the perspective to technological developments in other related fields of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spatial perceptions of CES differ largely between residents and tourists. • Residents' perceptions of CES show more complex spatial patterns. • Tourists' perceptions of CES are focused on famous tourist destinations. • Residents chose a higher number of locations on average than did the tourists. • Duration of residence and frequency of visits influenced the perceptions of CES. Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) are non-material benefits that are indispensable for the health and well-being of communities. CES are often spatially explicit and fluctuate according to the knowledge, beliefs, and perception of users of the location. Therefore, understanding the spatial patterns of CES perceived by people from different backgrounds is important for decision-makers to carry out proactive landscape planning. In this study, we investigated the differences in the perception of CES between residents and tourists on Ishigaki Island, Japan. The study employed a Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) approach to spatially present the respective perceptions of residents and tourists regarding six types of CES, namely recreational, therapeutic, educational, spiritual, aesthetic, and historic CES, that are recognized as key contributors to human health and well-being. For data collection, we employed a combination of household-level postal surveys and in-person questionnaire surveys targeting residents (n = 410) and tourists (n = 102), respectively. A series of statistical and spatial analyses was conducted on the survey results to understand the influence of the duration of residence and the frequency of visits in shaping the perceptions of CES, as well as the relationship between perceived CES and land-use types. This included the contribution of protected areas to the delivery of CES. The results showed that the average number of locations indicated by residents was significantly higher than that indicated by the tourists, resulting in density maps with distinct spatial patterns. In particular, the spatial pattern of CES identified by tourists was considerably simpler than that recognized by residents and centered on two popular tourist spots. As per the elements of landscapes and seascapes, the perception of "aesthetic," "recreational," "therapeutic," and "educational" CES by residents was associated with "forest" and "sea" and that of "spiritual" and "historic" was associated with "forest" and "farmland." In contrast, the CES perception of "recreational," "educational," "therapeutic," "aesthetic," and "historic" by tourists was associated with "sea" and "forest." "Spiritual" CES was associated with "forest" and "sea." Lastly, a higher proportion of "aesthetic" CES locations were identified within protected areas compared to outside the areas. Overall, our findings revealed that residents and tourists perceive and appreciate the numerous CES arising from landscapes and seascapes of the island differently. This indicates a possible trade-off resulting from land or sea developments to the benefit among stakeholders, for example, tourists. Hence, to sustain CES that underpin equitable health and well-being benefits, spatial planning should consider the different perceptions of stakeholders, particularly of residents and tourists, regarding CES types and locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Understanding of the impacts of non-native trees on ecosystem services is limited, focused on South Africa. • For three genera (Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus), 125 papers record benefit and harm to ecosystem services in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa. • Most publications arise from just four countries with benefits reported more frequently than harm. • The limited data on the impacts of these trees are highly context dependent. • Quantitative assessments of tree distribution and impact, and consideration of local context are needed. Fast-growing, stress-tolerating tree species belonging to the genera Acacia , Eucalyptus and Pinus have historically been introduced to many tropical and sub-tropical regions to support various economic and environment-regulating functions. While these non-native tree (NNT) species are often highly useful, many are simultaneously invasive, generating negative environmental impacts. Current knowledge regarding the impacts of these NNTs on the ecosystem services (ES) that affect human well-being is largely informed by South African research, which inhibits a broader understanding of the contributions of these trees to those services. Acacia , Eucalyptus and Pinus have been widely introduced globally, yet very little is known about their contribution to ES in many locations. Here, we aimed to summarise the evidence for Acacia , Eucalyptus and Pinus as generating benefits and harm to ES, focusing on sub-Saharan Africa outside of South Africa. We conducted a literature search using the ISI Web of Science, which yielded 125 relevant publications. Although the three genera were reported to affect key ES in sub-Saharan Africa, the data were limited in geographic scope, with a strong bias towards East Africa as well as biases towards certain species and ecosystem service. The benefits of these NNTs relative to their costs are context dependent and may not reflect their actual impacts on ES in sub-Saharan Africa. Our review highlights the need for more systematic research from a broader perspective to manage potential conflicts and guide better management prioritisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cultural benefits were a more referenced group than regulating benefits. • The single most frequently referenced category of benefits was Habitat creation and maintenance. • The ecosystem services framework has the potential to support goals of nature conservation and decision-making in protected areas. • Barriers for ecosystem services implementation are insufficient knowledge and capacities, missing regulation or methodologies. Protected areas safeguard species and habitats, but also provide ecosystem services (ES) and quite often simultaneously protect landscape character and associated cultural values. Exploratory qualitative research and interviews specifically have been rarely used to investigate benefits of protected areas and associated challenges in their delivery as perceived by their managers. There is also a lack of attention to the potential role of the ES framework in nature conservation decision-making in protected areas. We address the gaps by identifying: (1) perceived benefits (by their managers) that protected landscape areas provide; (2) challenges and trade-offs that protected landscape areas face in delivering these benefits; (3) role of the ES framework in protected landscape areas decision-making. We conducted a qualitative analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews with heads of Protected Landscape Areas Administrations in the Czech Republic. Cultural or non-material benefits were the most referenced group closely followed by regulating benefits. However, the single most frequently referenced benefit was Habitat creation and maintenance, emphasizing the role of protected landscape areas in protecting and managing habitats and ecosystems. The positive and negative themes showed a key role of various types of land-use management (esp. agriculture and forestry) and their enhancing or deteriorating effects on specific benefits (esp. Habitat creation and maintenance). All respondents perceived future implementation of the ES framework as a possible contribution to support goals of nature conservation and decision-making in protected landscape areas. This study provides empirical evidence for a strong societal role of protected landscape areas by safeguarding specific benefits and their essential role in nature conservation. The use of the ES framework sheds light on key benefits of protected landscape areas but also key challenges and trade-offs in delivering these benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ripening berries are one of nature's important contributions to people in the Russian Far East. We examined the spatiotemporal variability of people's interests in 12 types of berries and their attributes by accessing Yandex statistics (Yandex) and Google Trends (GT) about these topics in the Russian Far East. On Yandex, time-series data for people's interests in many berries for all target regions showed clear seasonal changes, with an annual peak that occurs at the time of ripening. Interest in berries was observed in many cities and regions in the far east of Russia, where indigenous peoples and Sakha traditionally utilize berries for subsistence. The attributes of accessed terms were closely related to terms about berry varieties and edible berries, berry purchases, photographs, and recipes. These results supported the usability of Yandex and GT data to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of people's interests in berries. Despite systematic biases, such as in the Internet environment and user characteristics as well as limitations of spatial resolution and access period, the integrated use of Yandex and GT should be developed to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of people's interests in berries, especially in areas that are difficult to access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature-based solutions (NBS) represent the most recent of several "greening" concepts proposed to support spatial planning and decision-making towards sustainable metropolitan regions. Despite similarities, the concepts stem from different disciplines and policy arenas and reflect various models of people-nature relations. This paper aims to analyze the uptake of greening concepts in scientific planning literature focusing on (urban) nature and landscape in the metropolitan region of Stockholm, Sweden, over the last three decades. It investigates what changes this evolution has brought in terms of the topics adopted, methods applied, and types of planning support put into practice. We identified 574 articles that reflect substantial research on greening concepts in the Swedish planning context. The articles demonstrate an initial prevalence of biodiversity with later increases of interest in ecosystem services and NBS. A detailed analysis of the studies focusing on Stockholm revealed Population growth/densification, Green space management and Biodiversity conservation as the most commonly addressed societal challenges. The most frequently mentioned type of green and blue element is Parks and (semi-)natural urban green areas, including urban forests. Methods applied were mostly quantitative, while mixes with qualitative approaches were only apparent in ecosystem services articles. Half of the studies involved practitioners or decision-makers, but only four seemed related to real-life planning processes. Taken together, the influence of scientific literature on the uptake of greening concepts in spatial planning seems to have been limited. Future mainstreaming of greening concepts in Stockholm and beyond could benefit from available data, methods and experiences, but will require more active translation and boundary management. Further research into science-policy-planning interfaces at city scale is thus imperative to advance more sustainable pathways for people and nature in metropolitan regions. • Literature review on uptake of greening concepts in planning in Stockholm, Sweden. • Literature focuses on population growth/densification, parks and urban green. • Methods applied are predominantly quantitative and often involve some participation. • Papers addressing real-life planning processes are still scarce. • Translation and boundary management could enhance literature impacts in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We analysed 850 publications to characterize ecosystem service assessments conducted in cities. • Some ecosystem services, urban nature types and geographical regions are relatively unexplored. • Assessment methods varied, including a great diversity of indicators used. • Most studies quantified ecosystem properties rather than actual benefits to people. • We recommend more systematic quantification of effectiveness of nature in cities. Urban green and blue infrastructure (GBI) and associated ecosystem services (ES) are increasingly recognized for their potential to address urban sustainability challenges. This has resulted in an increase in studies quantifying ES in cities. In this review, we analysed 850 peer-reviewed publications to characterize urban ES assessment in terms of geographical location, urban GBI type and methodological aspects (e.g. ES indicators). The analyses covered six ES: local temperature regulation, stormwater regulation, waste treatment, air quality regulation, pollination, and recreation and aesthetic appreciation. The majority of ES assessments focused on local temperature regulation (36%) and recreation and aesthetic appreciation (23%) and assessments were often conducted within unspecified green space (30%) and parks (26%). A common method to assess GBI performance was the comparison of ES delivery along a gradient of vegetation cover (24%). Moreover, assessments used a wide variety of ES indicators. Most assessments quantified ecosystem properties (59%), while a minority assessed actual benefits to people, recognized values or societal demands. To advance insights in the effectiveness of GBI, we recommend increased research attention towards i) increasing the coverage of less studied ES, GBI types and geographical regions, ii) quantifying actual benefits of GBI by comparing ES supply and societal demand, and iii) comparing effectiveness across different GBI types and in relation to grey infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seagrass ecosystems provide critical contributions (goods and perceived benefits or detriments) for the livelihoods and wellbeing of Pacific Islander peoples. Through in-depth examination of the contributions provided by seagrass ecosystems across the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs), we find a greater quantity in the Near Oceania (New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands) and western Micronesian (Palau and Northern Marianas) regions; indicating a stronger coupling between human society and seagrass ecosystems. We also find many non-material contributions historically have been overlooked and under-appreciated by decision-makers. Closer cultural connections likely motivate guardianship of seagrass ecosystems by Pacific communities to mitigate local anthropogenic pressures. Regional comparisons also shed light on general and specific aspects of the importance of seagrass ecosystems to Pacific Islanders, which are critical for forming evidence-based policy and management to ensure the long-term resilience of seagrass ecosystems and the contributions they provide. [Display omitted] • Seagrass ecosystems contribute immensely to Pacific Island people's quality of life. • Higher Seagrass ecosystem Contributions to People (27) in Melanesia that other PICTs • Thirty SCPs reported to occur in the PICTs, out of 32 globally identified. • Higher SCPs related to seagrass species richness and persistent larger species' • Strong cultural connections can strengthen policies to conserve seagrass ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We identify benefits and values attributed to agroforestry landscapes across Europe. • Agroforestry landscapes deliver multiple nature's contributions (NCP) to people. • Non-material NCP are the most frequently acknowledged across all studied contexts. • Relational values are crucial for people's quality of life across all contexts. Agroforestry landscapes are crucial to human wellbeing; however, they are in sharp decline across Europe. Improved understanding of the complexity of agroforestry landscapes within different biophysical, social-cultural, economic and governance contexts is essential for designing effective policy and management interventions that are more tightly aligned with societal expectations and aspirations. This paper identifies and compares values that people attribute to agroforestry landscapes across North-Eastern Europe, using case studies in Sweden, Latvia, Belarus, and the Russian Federation. We apply the multiple-value approach developed for the conceptual framework of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services to an assessment of agroforestry landscapes. Using data from a total of 1634 face-to-face structured interviews, we (i) analyse and explore the preferences of diverse groups of respondents for agroforestry landscapes; (ii) identify a broad range of nature's contributions to people (NCP) that were attributed to agroforestry landscapes by respondents; and, (iii) analyse values of agroforestry landscapes across different contexts in NorthEastern Europe. We found that a highly heterogenous group of people – broadly irrespective of age, education, gender, place of residence, as well as political, economic, or social-cultural context – perceive agroforestry landscapes to be important to their quality of life. Respondents attributed multiple NCP to agroforestry landscapes, and non-material NCP are the most frequently assigned in all four countries. An absolute majority of respondents across all case studies considered relational values of agroforestry landscapes to be important for their quality of life with identity as the most often associated with agroforestry landscapes. We discuss how relational values might be incorporated in policies and practices related to agroforestry landscapes in North-Eastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The African coastline is bordered by highly valuable marine ecosystems, but the environmental degradation due to anthropogenic pressure alter the benefits that they render to people. Our paper aims at assessing the value of ecosystem services provided by mangroves, seagrass beds, coral reefs, and kelp forests present in the Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) of Africa. After the mapping of coastal marine habitats, our valuation relies on the transfer of value of all ecosystem services from reference monetary unit values, extracted from the literature. A habitat functionality index based on the assumption that a higher population density and a higher demographic growth rate lead to a decrease in the functionality and services of marine habitats was then defined and incorporated into the valuation. The surveyed coastal habitats cover about 117,000 km2, with seagrass beds being by far the most extensive habitat. Present all along the coasts of Africa, their surface area represents about 62% of surveyed coastal habitats, followed by the mangroves (23%), coral reefs (15%). Kelp forests are only present in the southern Benguela Current LME. We estimated the annual value of the LME's coastal ecosystem services at 814 billion USD. Coral reefs have the highest value (588 billion USD/year), followed by seagrass beds (135 billion USD/year), mangroves (91 billion USD/year), and kelp forests (0.4 billion USD/year). The results show that ecosystem services from the four coastal habitat types had the highest value in the Agulhas Current LME, representing 38% of the total value, followed by the Red Sea LME (28%) and the Somali Coastal Current LME (10%). The three LMEs of the Atlantic side represent 15% of the total estimated value. Our paper highlighted many gaps that remain to be filled in terms of mapping and ecosystem services assessment in Africa. Nonetheless, our estimated values can facilitate dialogue between decision-makers and managers, and between countries sharing the same habitats and marine resources, toward better management of these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bayesian Belief Multifunctionality Framework is a new tool that links socio-ecological research; • The framework acknowledges ecosystem complexity and multifunctionality; • Our framework links species and their traits to ecosystem functions and NCPs; • The trait set that supports a high level of metal sequestration also supports a high level of N-release; • The trait set that maximised secondary production contributes to higher sediment stability; • Increasing the density of organisms generally positively affects NCPs. Acknowledging complexity within relationships between fundamental ecology and societal research is critical in improving our current understanding of how natural ecosystems work and how they could be managed to achieve set management goals. Specifically, this challenge is linked to the multifunctional nature of ecosystems. We develop the Bayesian Belief Multifunctionality Framework to studying nature-people links that allows a holistic and transparent analysis of the relationships between species, their functional traits, multiple ecosystem functions and multiple nature's contributions to people (NCPs). We assess seven ecosystem functions common in marine soft-sediments (secondary production, metal sequestration, denitrification, N-release, sediment stability, primary production and sediment formation) and nine NCPs (food and feed, supporting services, climate regulation, regulation of coastal water quality, physical and psychological experience, habitat creation, learning, materials and erosion control). We use a case study based on an extensive and diverse intertidal sandflat macrofaunal community within Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand. By testing different scenarios in which we identify the set of traits responsible for the highest function performance for every function, we show that functional redundancy (i.e., the presence of multiple species that deliver the maximum performance for a specific function) was high for some functions but low for others. In our model, functional redundancy was the lowest for denitrification and secondary production, while primary production exhibited high functional redundancy. The network analysis also allowed us to gain insight into functional synergies and trade-offs, resulting from maximising individual function to a trait set. The trait set that maximised secondary production contributes to higher sediment stability; the trait set that maximised metal sequestration contributes to higher N-release; and the trait set that maximised denitrification contributes to high rates of metal sequestration and N-release. Negative effects were also apparent, e.g., the trait set that maximised metal sequestration resulted in a lower probability in sediment stability and secondary production. Finally, the scenario testing feature of the framework allowed for exploration of the changes in NCPs from changes in macrofauna density. High density of species with a trait set identified as important to individual functions generated an increase in the provision of the majority of considered NCPs. Thanks to its clear and transparent result presentation and flexible analysis, the BN Multifunctionality Framework can deliver insightful messages into multifunctionality links helping to reveal the multifunctional nature of diverse and complex natural ecosystems. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We focused on four ecosystem services (ES) over 50 years in a biosphere reserve. • We modelled ES supply across nested spatial scales and under land use (LULC) changes. • Over last decades, pastures for livestock seemed to synergize with aquifer recharge. • Conversely, trade-offs between erosion protection and crop production prevailed. • Any LULC option in the reserve should have implications on ES supply and interactions. The supply of ecosystem services is largely determined by changes in land use and cover. Here, we analysed how the supply and interactions among four ecosystem services have evolved over five decades in a mountain biosphere reserve largely dominated by human land uses. We modelled pastures for livestock, crop production, aquifer recharge and erosion prevention based on land use maps along five years. Multi-scale analyses were conducted to show the temporal evolution of the spatial patterns and interactions among those ecosystem services at three nested spatial scales (biosphere reserve, watershed and cell level). The overall increase in the supply of pastures and erosion prevention and the decline of crops and aquifer recharge were closely related to the abandonment of traditional land uses, particularly during the first decades. At finer scales, our results revealed that the cell areas with significant interactions among services (i.e. trade-offs and synergies) decreased from 1956 to 2007. Such evolution of trade-offs and synergies seemed to be driven by management decisions on land-use changes. Finally, we discussed the implications of our results in the context of ecosystem services' optimization through management actions on land uses in mountain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Historical ecosystem services indicated from people's memories. • Comparison between two timepoints over 30 years of urbanisation. • Lower use of provisioning and regulating services. • Greater appreciation of cultural services. Ecosystems support and enhance human life through providing ecosystem services. The use of ecosystem services changes over time, as environmental conditions and people's lifestyles change. Urbanisation is an extreme form of environmental change that can be expected to drastically alter the use of ecosystem services. We analysed people's childhood memories to quantify temporal changes in indicators of 11 ecosystem services in Singapore – a country which has rapidly urbanised over the past 70 years. We performed semi-structured interviews to elicit indicators of ecosystem service use from memories of childhood lifestyles and activities, comparing two groups of respondents; those born before 1960, and those born between 1989 and 1999. The two respondent groups recalled significantly different uses of ecosystem services, with a higher proportion of the pre-1960 respondents benefitting from locally-produced provisioning and regulating services, and a higher proportion of 1989–1999 respondents using most cultural services. This study thus demonstrates that urbanisation can decrease people's reliance on local ecosystems to provide raw materials, while leading to greater appreciation of cultural benefits. Management of ecosystem services in the present must consider the possibility that supply and demand of future ecosystem services may change in potentially unpredictable ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Urban neighborhood green spaces provide diverse ecosystem services in a tropical city. • We analyzed public preferences for these ecosystem services in Singapore. • Temperature and air pollution reductions were strongly preferred by the public. • Noise abatement and increases of wildlife species were not significantly preferred. • Those living near nature areas did not support introducing a new green space. Urban neighborhood green spaces provide ecosystem services important for sustainable and resilient cities. We examine public preferences for these ecosystem services by conducting a discrete choice experiment in Singapore. The results showed that the public preferred the contributions of neighborhood green spaces in reducing temperature (1, 2, or 3 °C), reducing air pollution (20 or 40 %), and learning in nature. However, they did not prefer noise abatement (10, 20, or 30 dB) and increases of bird, butterfly, and native plant species. Creation of a new neighborhood green space was preferred by people living near parks, but not preferred by those living near nature areas. These results show that diverse public preferences exist for different ecosystem services provided by neighborhood green spaces. In the context of Singapore, the urban heat island effect, to be exacerbated under climate change, and air pollution are perceived to be major environmental problems mitigated by urban vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Relational and instrumental values are nearly indistinguishable in practice. • Importance of nature in fondest childhood memories linked to relational and instrumental values. • NEP statements related to relational and instrumental values. • Relational and instrumental values linked to extraversion and emotional stability. • Urgently need to expand empirical evidence base of relational values. Relational values have been proposed as a more inclusive alternative to instrumental and intrinsic values of nature. Although theoretically different, the empirical work to ascertain whether relational values are in practice different to instrumental values has been scarce. We surveyed 501 university students in Singapore to assess whether they could distinguish in practice between relational and instrumental values of several parks and to identify correlates of their value scores (their personality, the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and their nature experiences). Using correlation and factor analysis, we find that relational and instrumental values are nearly indistinguishable in practice for our respondents. Correlates of high value scores are the importance of nature in fondest childhood memories and NEP statements related to concern with a future ecological crisis. Relational and instrumental values further shared multiple personality (extraversion, emotional stability) and NEP statement predictors. Our results call to urgently expand the empirical evidence base of relational values to inform their conceptualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sustainable Development Goals express a narrative about the relationships between people and nature. This paper builds a narrative from an ocean perspective – through the lens of a coral reef seascape, and the blue economy. The ocean, intimately connected with the land, freshwater flows and climate provides a vast array of benefits to humanity. These benefits are valued at trillions of dollars per year globally, supporting hundreds of millions of jobs, and contributing to all countries both coastal and inland, through living and non-living resources, transport infrastructure and natural products, and sustainable energy solutions; the coastal zone is home to half the world's population. Through these direct benefits, the ocean contributes to reduced hunger and poverty, improved health, and all these benefits may be shared across gender, social and national boundaries. However accessing ocean benefits results in pressures that may drive decline in ocean health. Managing this complex system for a sustainable blue economy requires developing and using the right knowledge, new governance mechanisms and investment by stakeholders from global to local levels. This 'blue economy' narrative builds on the links between ocean health (SDG14) and economy (SDG8), but the general model can be expressed from the perspective of any goal(s) towards the others. The model also applies across scales from local to global, the relationships defined in the model enabling monitoring and assessment. The model can thus help align global instruments such as the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework with Agenda 2030, and linking from national to grassroots levels. Image 1 • The SDGs are expressed as a simple narrative model or 'roadmap', accessible to all. • The model aligns diverse stakeholders and resolves complexity among the SDGs for practical use, enabling collective action. • The model applies from local to global scales, enabling integrated planning, action, monitoring and assessment across scales. • The model enables differentiation to suit local contexts. • The model can help align global instruments, such as the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, with Agenda 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• People don't always have access to the ecosystem services they would ideally like to. • We develop a process to identify actions to improve service provision with citizens. • Citizens identify actions that consider trade-offs and reduce potential for conflict. Discrepancies between desired ecosystem services (the types, amounts and qualities of services a person would ideally like to benefit from) and the actual provision of ecosystem services (services actually obtained) reflect people's inability to receive the benefits they would like from nature, and can lead to conflict. We developed a novel process that combined stakeholder analysis, a survey, and a workshop to generate information about discrepancies between desired and provided ecosystem services, and facilitate community-based development of ideas for actions to reduce these discrepancies. We applied this process in a region of Quebec, Canada, where our results show how community members benefit from numerous ecosystem services on diverse property types, but they benefit unequally. Using our process, community members developed ideas for actions to reduce most identified discrepancies. Actions centered around the following themes: developing infrastructure; controlling access; gaining status; encouraging involvement; adjusting natural infrastructure; increasing services; and, information transmission. Findings related to our process also emerged: different knowledge types complement each other to create a broader picture of how people benefit from nature; assessing satisfaction helps uncover nuances associated with discrepancies; knowledge co-creation helps develop ideas for actions to reduce discrepancies; and, considering different perspectives can help avoid trade-offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Paired urban–rural comparisons show the effects of urbanization on ES valuation. • Urbanization affects socio-cultural ES valuation, hence human-nature relationships. • Urbanization decreases perceived ES importance for wellbeing in the Solomon Islands. • Urban dwellers are less satisfied with ES and want to benefit more from nature. • Even recently-urbanized societies demonstrate altered human-nature relationships. Urbanization entails social, economic and environmental changes that can transform how people relate to nature and disconnect them from it, with consequences for their wellbeing. The impacts of urbanization on human-nature relationships viewed through people's ecosystem service (ES) preferences are however poorly understood, especially in the rapidly urbanizing Global South. We tested the hypothesis that, although both urban and rural people depend on ES, people in cities would value ES less because they are less directly connected to ecosystems. Using a paired urban–rural study design, we conducted 200 interviews with urban and rural dwellers along the coast of the Solomon Islands, a Small Island Developing State (SIDS), to compare the importance they attributed to different ES and ecosystem disservices (EDS) for wellbeing, as well as their satisfaction with ES. Although urban and rural dwellers reported that ES were very important for their wellbeing, urban dwellers' ratings were lower, supporting our hypothesis. Urban dwellers were less satisfied than rural dwellers with the benefits that they received from ES and would have preferred to benefit more, showing that they were less connected to nature. Both urban and rural dwellers perceived important negative impacts from EDS. Thus, even a relatively recent urbanization process can alter people's relationships with nature, reducing significantly the benefits that people derive from ecosystems. Urban planning and environmental management can help reconnect people to nature and create more sustainable cities by addressing people's needs and preferences towards nature, as revealed through ES and EDS socio-cultural valuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services have presented unequivocal evidence for human induced climate change and biodiversity decline. Transformative societal change is required in response. However, while the Global Observing System for Climate has coordinated climate observations for these assessments, there has been no equivalent actor for the biodiversity assessment. Here we argue that a central agency for coordinated biodiversity observations can lead to an improved assessment process for biodiversity status and coupled climate - biodiversity observations in areas of mutual interest such as monitoring indicators of Nature's Contributions to People. A global biodiversity observation system has already begun to evolve through bottom up development of the Essential Biodiversity Variables. We propose recommendations on how to build on this progress through definition of user requirements, observation principles, creation of a community data basis and regional actions through existing networks. • The biodiversity and climate crises are interlinked and need joint societal responses • The biodiversity community urgently needs to improve global monitoring schemes • There are perceived differences in how biodiversity and climate change are measured, monitored and reported on • Joint climate-biodiversity observations have the potential to overcome differences and save observational costs for both communities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]