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To develop effective strategies for the supply of shared parking and study various theoretical choice models under uncertainty, this paper investigates private parking space owners' propensity to engage in shared parking schemes using a stated choice experiment that involves an uncertain key attribute. A hybrid expected utility-regret model incorporating rejoice is specified to explore the participation behavior. Equivalent models considering the perception of attribute differences are also estimated. Results show that socio-demographic characteristics, social influence, government's role, media attention, platform fee, and revenues are all important factors explaining private parking owners' propensity to engage in shared parking schemes. Besides, the model incorporating all these components, including the emotions of regret and rejoice and the perception of attribute differences, yields the best results. These findings could help promote the policy development toward increasing people's engagement in shared parking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the relationships between the dimensions of pet attachment, experiential satisfaction and the dimensions of experiential loyalty. The data used in this study were based on a convenience sample of 425 owners who had an act of travel of bringing their pets from their home country to France for medical treatment in one of the largest and most diverse small animal referral hospitals in France, indicating that the proposed model fitted the data. The results indicate (a) positive effects of pet identity, pet dependence, pet social bonding and experiential involvement on experiential satisfaction; and (b) a positive effect of experiential satisfaction on experiential commitment, experiential trust and experiential word-of-mouth, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to use an online survey to obtain information from cat owners about their experiences of medicating their cats. Methods: An online survey containing 35 questions on experiences of medicating cats was circulated to cat owners globally. Results: In total, 2507 surveys from 57 countries were analysed; 1724 from 'cat owners' and 783 from 'cat owners+' (respondents with significant cat experience, including veterinary professionals). Around half (50.7%) of cat owners were 'sometimes' or 'never' provided with information or advice on how to administer medication; however, 91.8% of those given information found it 'somewhat' or 'very' useful. Around half (53.6%) of owners sought information from the internet about how to administer medication. Total cat owners (cat owners and cat owners+) administered liquids (61.3%), pastes (45.3%) or tablets (39.5%) directly into their cat's mouth; fewer (22.6–24.1%) hid these medications in food. Total cat owners rated tablets significantly harder to administer than liquids; 53.0% chose liquids as their first-choice formulation while 29.3% chose tablets. Insulin injections and 'spot-ons' were significantly easier to administer than any oral medications. Over half (51.6%) of owners reported that medicating their cat(s) had changed their relationship with them; 77.0% reported that their cat(s) had tried to bite or scratch them when medicating. Other challenges included the cat(s) spitting out tablets (78.7%), refusing medication in food (71.7%) and running away (52.7%). Of the owners who failed to complete a course of medication (35.4%), 27.8% stopped near the end of the course, while 19.3% stopped after a few doses, in both cases as medicating was too difficult. Conclusions and relevance: Owners appreciate being provided with information about the administration of medication. Frequent challenges when medicating cats include potential human injury and damage to the owner–cat relationship. Pharmaceutical companies should provide a range of formulations to ease compliance. Veterinary clinics should provide information/demonstrations and internet links when prescribing medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dog-on-dog aggression is a common behavioral problem and has the potential to result in dog and/or human injury, the need for veterinary treatment and financial and legal repercussions. Despite this, few studies of dog-on-dog aggression have occurred. News reports of dog-on-dog aggression provide a method of understanding the demographics of these attacks. National and local news articles between September 2016 and February 2020 were identified through Yahoo and Google news. Information was retrieved including victim/attacker dog information (age, breed, size, sex, injury, veterinary treatment, on/off a lead, with/without the owner/walker), situation, intervention, owner injury, and outcome. In the majority of these attacks, one dog initiated the attack and this dog tended to be a medium-sized breed and off-leash. The most reported attacking breed was the Staffordshire bull terrier. The victim tended to be a small-sized dog, and these attacks often had adverse psychological and physical effects. Costs as a result of the attack ranged from £75 to £9,000 (∼$98-11,800 USD). The owner intervened in just under half of cases and often suffered injuries defending their dog. Based on the results of this study, we advise that further guidance on dog bite prevention, management, and education is needed for all dog owners, in particular those who own dogs with a history of aggression. The limitations of using news articles are discussed, and further research on dog-on-dog bite incidents via combining the data from news reports with other information resources is suggested to be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• How much consumers/owners/managers value restaurants' green attributes is assessed. • Three stakeholders' expectations of consumers' patronage intensions is investigated. • Owners and managers generally value green attributes more than consumers. • The two most valued attributes vary across owners, managers, and consumers. • Owners/managers are optimistic about consumers' extra dining efforts. The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to assess and compare the perceived importance of various green attributes of restaurants among consumers, owners, and managers and (b) to explore if these three stakeholders have different expectations about consumers' patronage intentions. A series of quantitative analyses, such as a repeated-measures ANOVA, a chi-square, and a one-way MANOVA were performed with 563 usable questionnaires (368 consumers, 115 restaurant managers, and 80 owners). The results reveal that owners and managers generally value green attributes more than consumers. The most valued attributes also vary among the three stakeholders. Additionally, owners and managers, compared to consumers, are more optimistic about consumers' willingness to make extra efforts to patronize a green restaurant and the degree of extra efforts to which consumers would be committed. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Keystone agents are dominant players and critical for system transition. • We study the extractives, which has multiple sustainability controversies. • We find both the extractives industries and ownership thereof is highly concentrated. • Advancing sustainability in extractives requires leveraging a limited number of keystone agents. Natural resource extraction has a lasting and dramatic impact on the natural environment as well as far-reaching social effects. As such, public policy and governmental regulation are crucial for a transition to sustainability. However, on their own, these have shown to be insufficient to achieve such transformation. Changing commitment and conduct of the extractives too is important to transit. Firms in the extractives are large and highly international, and their owners are decisive for businesses' conduct. Therefore, it is relevant to determine whom and how to influence to transit towards sustainability. To this extent, we study dominant firms and their owners in the top-10 international extractive industries. We establish that both natural resource markets and ownership of keystone agents are highly concentrated: the three largest companies earn 70% of the revenues in the ten industries studied, and the three largest shareholders in these companies on average have 22% of the shares of the keystone firms. This helps explain why regulation has been rather ineffective so far. We discuss several options to influence keystone agents. We conclude that advancing sustainability in extractives requires leveraging a limited number of keystone agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leptospirosis is a neglected disease of worldwide distribution, affecting both human and animals caused by infection with pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. This study was carried out to determine the awareness of canine leptospirosis among dog keeping communities in Morogoro, Tanzania. Methods: Awareness among dog owners for canine leptospirosis was assessed using semi-structured questionnaire among randomly chosen dog owners in Morogoro, Tanzania. Information sought from the dog owners included: awareness of dog diseases in general and specifically canine leptospirosis; clinical signs, transmission, treatment, prevention, and awareness that canine leptospirosis is zoonotic. Results: A total of 124 dog owners participated in the study. Of these, 90% were not aware of the existence of canine leptospirosis. Fifteen percent of the participants were not aware that dogs could get disease. The majority of the respondents (98.4%; n=122) did not know the clinical signs of leptospirosis in dogs. The few (1.6%) who knew mentioned jaundice, bloody diarrhoea, blood in urine, loss of appetite and vomiting as the clinical signs of leptospirosis in dogs. None of the respondents knew how canine leptospirosis is treated, or that the disease is a health risk to humans. Only one respondent (0.8%) knew that the control of canine leptospirosis could be achieved through vaccination. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate there is little awareness of canine leptospirosis and its potential public health risk among dog owners in Morogoro, Tanzania. The findings of this study indicate the need to raise awareness of the disease among the dog owners and the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the aims of equitation science (ES) is to improve horse welfare through a scientific approach. However, little is known about how equestrians perceive ES. To determine what equestrians think about ES, we analyzed the everyday talk of equestrians participating in an online forum thread debating ES. Using qualitative data analysis techniques, we inferred 4 beliefs about science that prevented the uptake of ES (science discounts feel, science is over-rated, science is a gimmick, and science is reductionist) and one that supported its aims (science is useful and progressive). These beliefs are discussed with respect to the dual systems of rational and intuitive information processing present among any given population, as well as the triune dimensions of decision-making germane to horse welfare issues (ethical, moral, and aesthetic). To avoid unintentionally creating resistance from those who are skeptical about science or ES, we recommend a sensitive welfare-centered research extension and communication strategy that is tailored for audiences and end users beyond the academic production and consumption of ES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional eating, or changes in eating behavior due to negative emotions, has been demonstrated in humans and rodents, but not in dogs. The aim of the present study was to survey owners' perceptions of the presence of emotional eating in their dogs, as a first approach to investigate this phenomenon in companion dogs. A questionnaire was administered via social media, including questions about general information, feeding habits, eating behavior and related problems, temperament, and emotional state. A specific question for assessing the perceptions of owners on emotional eating in their dogs (on a 0-4 scale) was included. The vast majority of the 1099 respondents (n = 898, 81.7%) perceived that their dog showed emotional eating at some level of intensity, with more than 40% of the surveyed owners giving a 3 or 4 score. A chi-square test showed significant associations ( P < 0.05) between the intensity of emotional eating and several variables. Thus, achieving the maximum score for owner-perceived emotional eating (4/4) was associated with the dog being diagnosed with a medical condition, with the owners' awareness of the ideal weight of his/her dog, and with particular feeding habits, including feeding the dog exclusively with home-made food, once a day, and giving extras as a reward for obedience. Furthermore, high owner-perceived emotional eating was related with being a dependent and unhappy dog, as well as with not eating during the absence of the owner. On the other hand, being a calm dog, both in general as well as specifically during greetings or walk, and not being fearful of other dogs, and not showing any aggression were associated with the absence of owner-perceived emotional eating in the studied dogs (0/4). These results open a new research field on emotional eating in dogs to be further explored in relation to its implication in obesity treatment and behavioral problem management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes are resistant to betalactam agents and are also commonly multidrug resistant being associated with the resistance to other classes of antibiotics. The aim of our study was to characterise resistance patterns in non-beta-lactam antibiotics of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from faecal matter of pets and owners. The study was carried out on 63 samples of faecal matter (42 from pets and 21 from owners). The ESBL screening was carried out using the Brilliance ESBL Oxoid chromogenic medium. The isolated strains that generated characteristic presumptive ESBL-producing colonies were cultivated on 5% sheep blood medium for the extraction of bacterial DNA using the boiled preps technique. The confirmation of E. coli species was performed molecularly based on the detection of blauidA and blauspA genes. Other Enterobacteriaceae species were identified based on the minimum biochemical characteristics using the MIU and TSI medium. The phenotypical confirmation of presumptive ESBL-producing strains was carried out using the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) using a combination of 3rd generation cephalosporins and beta-lactamase inhibitor agents. The determination of the resistance degree in other classes of antibiotics was carried out through the Kirby-Bauer diffusimetric method, and the results were interpreted according to the CLSI standard. Following the species investigation of isolates, 60/63 (95.28%) belonged to the E. coli species and 3/63 (4.72%) to the K. pneumoniae species. Animal isolates were resistant to sulphonamides (54.76% resistance to SXT), fluoroquinolones (45.23% resistance to ENR) and tetracyclines (54.75% resistance to TE). In addition to strains of animal origin for isolates of human origin, an increased resistance has been noticed to phenicols and aminoglycosides. This study has identified a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains and associated with multidrug resistance for pets and their owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a Spanish-language assessment tool for the evaluation of behaviors that are indicative of attachment to aid research into human-animal interaction. The psychometric properties of the adapted scale to simultaneously quantify the attachment are presented. A confirmatory factor analysis and a convergent analysis with the Mexican version of the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale were performed using a sample of 397 human-animal dyads (21.4% cats and 78.6% dogs). A second study with an international sample (n = 107; 32.7% cats and 67.3% dogs) was performed to evaluate the English-language version of the scale. The findings provided evidence for the scale's and subscales' reliability and validity, with better values in the subscale associated with the human's behavior. The differences between human-human interaction and human-animal interaction in a modified version of the Ainsworth's Strange Situation Test are presented. Implications for future research using this model, in which the reciprocal behavioral process within dyads (human-domestic animal) may be assessed, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article argues on liability of licensors for nuisance of their licensees and consideration of nuisance as property fault with hidden ideas of possession and control, and mentions cases Cocking v Eacott, Lawrence v Fen Tigers and Southwark LBC v Mills dealing with nuisance of personal property.

The article focuses on the issue related to divesting abandonment wherein an owner can consume or destroy the object of his or her property right in the U.S.

Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IEA IBC Annex 56 methodology provides the basis for the assessment and evaluation of energy related renovation options of residential building stock, first and foremost with respect to cost, energy use and carbon emissions. Furthermore, it allows also for a broader approach going beyond cost effective reduction of carbon emissions and energy use by taking into account co-benefits achieved in a renovation process. Besides impact indicators for primary energy use, carbon emissions and costs it also provides a methodological framework for integrating at least embodied energy use for renovation measures as part of a lifecycle impact assessment. The methodology and resulting fundamentals for renovation standards have to be applicable to different climatic and country specific situations. The Guideline for policy makers proposed by the Annex 56 gives useful information and suggestions to the drafting of legislative and administrative measures, at the national or local level, for reducing the amount of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in renovation of residential buildings. The reachable saving targets must be defined in agreement with the actors in the energy market, as the owners and / or the managers of buildings, but policy makers must be aware of their responsibility in defining cost effective levels for nearly zero energy or emissions building renovation, using a life cycle perspective, and the relevance of preparing adequate financial packages to support ambitious levels for building renovation. Furthermore, the Guideline for professional owners shall report outlines key drivers for building retrofit and use and the resulting impacts on energy consumption. This Guideline shall describe building and energy efficiency trends specific to the residential building sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cats have certain strongly motivated behaviors, which could be defined as “needs,” that should be understood to provide the cat the best quality of life and assure proper welfare. It is well recognized that cats have several behavioral needs, which if not met, can result in anxiety and secondary behavior problems. These problems can lead to relinquishment or euthanasia. Veterinarians and veterinary nurses have a special role when educating owners. To increase owners' compliance, veterinary professionals should have evidence-based knowledge for the right information to be communicated to feline owners. The goal of the present study was to identify and compare the level of knowledge that veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and pet owners have about cat behavior and to compare their perceptions on this subject. We were also interested in determining whether living with a cat affected the professionals' knowledge base and what they are able to properly communicate to pet owners. It was expected that the veterinarians would have the highest level of knowledge regarding the interpretation of feline behavioral needs. We also hypothesized that those professionals who had or have previously owned a cat would have a better understanding of what cats actually need. A questionnaire, called “questionnaire to assess cat's needs” (QACN), was completed by cat owners, veterinarians, and veterinary nurses. The QACN had 13 different statements about the behavioral needs of cats, and each participant had to select their level of agreement with the statement. The QACN was then scored and a principal component analysis was used to identify meaningful associations. The following 3 components were extracted: elimination, stress releasers, and human stimulation. Contrary to what was expected, the results showed that in some specific areas (stress releasers and human stimulation) veterinarians' and veterinary nurses' knowledge was not significantly different from that of cat owners. This could mean that the role of these professionals in preventing behavioral problems can be very compromised. Those professionals who had owned a cat personally were better at identifying the behavioral needs of cats, with some significant differences (related with stress releasers), compared with those professionals who had never owned a cat. More education about feline behavior should be included when training veterinarians and veterinary nurses for clients to continue to trust these professionals to provide them with evidence-based knowledge about cat behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the impact of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 on female Spanish nationals living in the country. The authors examine the extensive instances of theft, arson, and economic damage as a result of revolutionaries' actions directed toward this group. They also comment on the attempts made by these women to garner some economic compensation from the Mexican government. The social conditions and roles of women living in Mexico during and immediately following the revolution are also explored.

Abstract: Pet owners increasingly refer to online sources before, during, and after seeking veterinary advice for their pets. Although some online information is inaccurate or unhelpful, there is much useful material, and we believe much is to be gained by directing owners to online material that supports and complements veterinary advice. With regard to managing veterinary patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), there is an excellent online community that not only offers moral support and practical advice, but also facilitates clinical research and fundraising. For genetic diseases like canine EPI that affect primarily young animals, but for which a decade or more of treatment can reasonably be expected, online support can greatly facilitate optimal lifelong management. In this article we provide some information that may be of value when veterinarians consider which web sites to recommend to their clients managing patients with EPI. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Kronika is the property of Kronika, Casopis za Slovensko Krajevno Zgodovino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Haylage is an extremely popular forage for stabled horses across UK and Europe and is often preferred to hay as it is easier to harvest and store. However, haylage is defined by nutritionists and horse owners using a plethora of different characteristics which can confuse how it is assessed and fed. A survey was circulated in the UK via the JISC survey platform (2020) where participants were self-selecting. to determine horse-owner knowledge of haylage and to investigate how and why they fed this forage to their horses. 838 participants completed the survey and the responses indicated a wide variety of answers especially to quality-related questions such as, what do you look for when opening a bale to determine the quality of the haylage? what the main differences were between hay and haylage? What does your nutritional analysis include? and what are the reasons for not feeding haylage? The top 3 visual signs that owners used as a quality assessment were:1) no mold, 2) no dust when shaken and 3) a sweet smell.785 reported lower dust than hay, 451 a higher nutritional quality than hay and 365 a higher sugar content than hay. The definition of nutrient quality appeared to be confused with hygienic quality and owners were at variance in the range of nutrients they regarded as important to measure in an analysis. 450 owners declared that no analysis was done on their haylage, 160 received analysis via the packaging or the producer/farmer, and 26 paid for a separate analysis. Within this last group, 22 reported testing for nutritional content only, 3 tested for hygienic quality plus nutritional content and one for hygiene quality only. Fourteen of the owners provided details of the specific analytical determinations undertaken which fell into 3 categories: (1)7 included Dry matter, Energy, Protein, Sugar (WSC), Macrominerals, Vitamins and Fiber. (2) 5 included the above but without macrominerals(3) 2 owners were as per 2 but without vitamins. All analyses included sugar (WSC) and protein determinations, suggesting that owners deem these 2 nutrients as the most important information to obtain when assessing forage nutrient quality. This may reflect concerns over insulin dysregulation and risks of laminitis. Of the 317 owners who did not feed haylage 58% said this was because of its high energy content and issues related to this, such as weight gain and excitability; 33% cited practical problems such as bale size and cost and 9% did not feed haylage because they thought it had a gastric ulcer inducing risk. Further work is needed to determine if the variation in responses is because of actual forage variation or perception issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the Law No. 1701-VII, a corporate law of Ukraine, related to the identification of ultimate beneficiaries of legal entities and public officials, passed on October 25, 2014 and was effective on November 25, 2014.