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This article situates the recent explosion of online and app-based sports betting within longer histories of datafication and financialization in sports business and culture. The author tracks four histories in which media technologies and financial logics dissolved previously stable sporting events, athletes, and results into aggregations of data and derivatives that could be leveraged and wagered on. Photography established feelings of confidence and objectivity in horse-race results during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Screen and computational technologies since the 1970s have enabled Las Vegas casino sportsbooks to overwhelm bettors with data abundance. Television and web-based play moved poker at the turn of the millennium away from surprise, chance, and reading people toward probability, risk, and reading data. Around the same time, fantasy sports and management-based video games mirrored financial markets in transforming athletes and leagues into derivatives, that is, disaggregated units that could be reassembled in new digital permutations. Each story helps position contemporary online sports betting within a longer historical arc in which gambling and speculation moved to the center of global economy and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I take an ecopoetic standpoint by attending to those practices that distinguish between dirt and backdirt on field sites. Fabricating this distinction features ongoing and intermittent speculation of dirt/backdirt on a continuum of archaeological value. Rather than positioning this distinction as external to the field site, it is rather a matter of being exposed to the site and exposing it in one and the same movement. A necessary quality of staying with the indeterminacy of this ecopoetic dimension of decision-making includes an embodied wit in contrast to a brainy rationality. Excavating with embodied wit implicates the relational interplay between exposing the landscape through excavating it and yielding to the excavation in the process. The field site is then made knowable by how the touching power of both excavators and field site threads the archaeologically imagined and material worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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A literary criticism explores the interconnectedness of mythology and astrology, delving into the symbolism of Venus in both contexts, emphasizing its representations in various cultures and its astrological significance in ruling Libra and Taurus. Topics include the cultural and mythological aspects of Venus, its astrological influence on relationships and values, and guidance on navigating the recent Venus retrograde for personal growth and realignment of goals.

Copyright of Boletim de Geografia is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies of Lithuania's History is the property of Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the discussion on marking the year's beginnings in most calendars and traditions. Topics include country finding to renew itself and the commitment to the democratic principles of its origin both the myth and the reality; and strengthening the intellectual response where aquarius encouraging innovations in intellectual thought and technology.

• The SML reveals a positive slope before earnings announcements and a negative slope afterward. • The shift in the risk-return trade-off is driven by high-beta stocks. • A modified market-timing beta strategy boosts investment profitability. We find that the beta–return relationship is asymmetric around earnings announcements. The security market line has a positive slope in the days leading up to earnings announcements, but a negative slope in the days that follow. This striking shift in the risk–return trade-off is driven primarily by high-beta stocks. Moreover, a modified conditional market-timing beta strategy, incorporating the timing of earnings announcements, enhances profitability. Overall, the results lend empirical support to the theoretical predictions of Hong and Sraer (2016), which posit that beta amplifies disagreements regarding the stock market's prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an agent-based model of an electronic market with two types of trading agents. One type follows a mean reverting strategy and the other, the speculative trader, tracks the maximum realized return. Our research provides synthetic datasets of the order book (level 3) to study its dynamics under different levels of speculation. Inspired by the GameStop trading frenzy, we study the impact of a trading halt by the market maker on one side of the order book. We have also tested a performance-based limit on leverage, that allows leverage only to profitable traders. • Agent-based model with only two types of trading agents. • Bubble generated with increased price levels and spread. Synthetic level 3 data. • Experiment I: Partial trading halt of the market maker on the ask side. • Experiment II: Leverage conditioned on the performance of the traders. • The peak of the bubble is reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers two films, Elysium (Neil Bloomkamp, 2013) and What Happened to Monday (Tommy Wirkola, 2017), in order to demonstrate that they foreshadow a paradigmatic shift in the relationship between biopolitics and thanatopolitics. According to Michel Foucault, and later Giorgio Agamben and Roberto Esposito, it is chiefly the association of humans with biological danger that causes biopolitics to mutate into thanatopolitics. However, in these two films, humans are construed as an ecological danger that prompt thanatopolitics. They depict futures in which the regimes in power act on ecological threats by brutally micromanaging and killing members of their populations. In this the films unveil how the idea of sustainability as equilibrium can never benefit all, but must always leave some human beings out, either by abandoning them to die or by actively killing them. This is important because it brings to light the risk that the Anthropocene could engender regimes that will kill on different grounds than regimes have in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning outcomes evaluation has been far and few in between in India. Other than the Annual Status of Education (ASER) reports there is hardly any credible nationwide survey reporting learning outcomes. ASER reports are more than a decade old now, so we have a way of looking at the trends nationwide and across states concerningthe learning outcomes of school children in rural areas. One of the most disturbing features that come across over the last decade of reports is the fact that learning outcomes have been very low across the country, barring a few states, and this low attainment is also progressively dwindling year after year. The conventional explanations abound but we have taken an unconventional route of explaining it through the mechanism of pre-natal poverty affliction mediated by adverse nutrition shocks during the gestation period of these poorly learning school children. To do that we have traced back the per capita food grain availability to the relevant years of gestation period of these poorly learning school children. Interestingly, we found that poverty in the 'nutrition space' during the pre-natal stage could indeed be the dominant explanation for both the low and dwindling learning outcomes of school children in rural India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filosofia UNISINOS is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Explores the ways that socio-material qualities of crops shape agrarian speculation in central India. • Analyses how uneven access to the 'means of speculation' reflect and exacerbate rural inequalities of caste and class. • Develops a deeper understanding of the centrality of speculative practices to contemporary agriculture. This paper examines the political ecology of onions in India, one of the largest producer countries in the world. Although the cost of producing onions is significant, an increasing number of farmers are drawn to its cultivation. Onion prices are, however, highly volatile, fluctuating wildly within the span of a few days, making it a notorious gamble on the market. As a kitchen staple and the second highest consumed vegetable in India, it is also a politically significant crop – high retail rates are held responsible for the fall of governments, and are met with price controls, storage limits, and export restrictions. Yet, in the expectation of spectacular gains, farmers try their luck with its cultivation, investing in inputs, storing and sorting, hoping and waiting for the perfect time to sell. Building on ethnographic fieldwork in the Malwa region of western Madhya Pradesh, I consider how the specific socio-ecological qualities of onion cultivation, harvesting and storage – from high yields to limited storability and the seasonality of cultivation – shape its speculative possibilities. This research finds that it is largely privileged classes and castes of farmers who have access to the 'means of speculation' and thereby, to spectacular profits from onion cultivation, leading to the worsening of social inequalities among farmers of this crop. Broadly, this article theorizes the onion as a 'speculative crop', one that symbolizes the precarity and possibilities of Indian agriculture in an age of intensive cash-cropping and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a small open economy, dynamic general equilibrium model with cash-in advance constraint and a currency attack to explain the dynamic effects of changes in trade barriers in the short and long run. The model is calibrated using data on macroeconomic variables in Iran's economy from 1990 to 2013 to identify and analyze the effects of barriers imposed on trade. We analyze the effects of counterfactual fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policies in response to trade barriers and show how the economy would respond in different time horizons. We also evaluate the effects of eliminating each of the factors causing this stagflation. Our findings show that the short-term drop in non-oil production is mostly due to the decline in total productivity and not trade barriers. On the other hand, barriers imposed on the trade of oil and non-oil goods had a considerable impact on the decline in non-oil production in the medium and long run, as well as the fall in total income. Finally, we show that the news of trade barrier imposition has a considerable impact on the impulse to speculate, giving rise to a likely currency crisis and devaluation that have a substantial effect on inflation and real output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Agora (0211-6642) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stylos is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cauriensia: Revista Anual de Ciencias Eclesiásticas is the property of Instituto Teologico San Pedro de Alcantara de Caceres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article1 examines the links between finance and the common good. Firstly, our aim is to reflect upon this notion in the financial order by relying on fundamental writings. The study of the use of money according to the Thomistic approach, through loans and speculation, then provides food for thought to respond to future challenges. Saint Thomas emphasises the importance of sharing money and profit, of free loans, of the finality of the act and of the use value. Finally, we will show how these concepts can be developed today for a finance destined to the Common Good in the philosophical sense, thanks to participative finance, solidarity finance, microcredit, social bonds and green bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crowdfunding invoked in urban governance that valorizes social entrepreneurship. • Berlin shapes its distinctive and multiple crowdfunding ecologies. • Crowdfunding facilitates social entrepreneurship in Berlin. • Crowdfunding supports real-estate speculation in Berlin. • Crowdfunding enables solidarity economies in Berlin. Situated at the intersection of urban and economic geography, this paper develops and illustrates a three-step research agenda to further critical understanding of relations between crowdfunding and cities. First, we explore how crowdfunding is enrolled in shifting programmes of urban governance that valorize entrepreneurship in North America and Europe in particular. When invoked in urban governance, crowdfunding is increasingly the 'go to' method for mobilizing the cash, capital and collective enthusiasm necessary for social entrepreneurship and civic renewal in cities. Second, we offer a situated, qualitative case study account of crowdfunding in Berlin. In contrast with existing research, we show how a specific urban context contributes to shaping the distinctive crowdfunding ecologies that emerge in a city. Third, we interrogate the multiplicity and diversity of crowdfunding-city relations, identifying and analyzing three distinctive ecologies that have emerged to date in Berlin. While crowdfunding is indeed enabling social entrepreneurship in particular ways in Berlin, it also contributes to capitalizing speculation in booming real-estate developments and facilitates the solidarity economies of community groups and charities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A longstanding tradition in communication research is that people have goals for communicative encounters. Communication research has evolved to better acknowledge that goals are malleable and can change during interactions. Drawing upon the history of communication goals theorizing and research, we elaborate three properties emerging from the juxtaposition of goals and time. We then explore theoretical accounts of goal change and options for data acquisition. We end with speculation on how goal dynamics might stimulate new questions about interpersonal communication and, perhaps, move the field into a new phase of inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies of Lithuania's History is the property of Lietuvos Istorijos Studijos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2002-2008, we conducted spotlight surveys and at-sea captures to determine the distribution and estimate the population size of Synthliboramphus murrelets at nine islands off the Pacific coast of Baja California (BC), Mexico. Scripps's Murrelets S. scrippsi (SCMU) were detected in nocturnal at-sea congregations near six islands: Islas Coronado (IC), Todos Santos (TS), San Martin (SM), San Jeronimo (SJ), San Benito (SB), and Cedros (CD). Nest searches confirmed breeding at all islands except SM and CD, where breeding was presumed based on congregation attendance. Historically, SCMU were known or suspected to breed at all of these islands except CD, but knowledge of population size and trends prior to 1999 was limited to qualitative estimates and speculation. In 2002-2008, we estimated the total SCMU breeding population in the region to be 1686-4428 pairs, including 1117-2933 at IC, 262-688 at TS, 19-49 at SM, 24-64 at SJ, 231-607 at SB, and 33-87 at CD. SCMU populations have likely increased at IC, TS, SM, and SB since the eradication of cats in the late 1990s, but the small colony on SJ may be limited by competition for nest sites by a large and growing Cassin's Auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus colony. Recent trends are unknown for the remnant SCMU population at CD, where breeding is restricted to isolated refuges safe from terrestrial predators. Although these surveys were conducted 11-17 years ago, these data provide the most recent population estimates available for these islands and offer a reliable modern baseline for measuring future population trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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• Information spillover between WTI returns and investor sentiment indices is studied. • Sentiment by trader type is highly correlated with WTI returns. • Speculator sentiment makes the largest contribution to WTI returns variation over the full sample period. • Hedger sentiment plays the leading role in information transmission when oil price is low. This paper examines information spillover between WTI returns and investor sentiment indices measured by various trader positions using a connectedness approach. Our findings show that sentiment by trader type is highly correlated with WTI returns. Among the different sentiment types, speculator sentiment makes the largest contribution to WTI returns variation over the full sample period. The dynamic results show that the influence of investor sentiment increases significantly when oil prices are in a downward movement in which hedger sentiment plays the leading role in information transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Vivienda y Urbanismo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, I take sixteenth-century mathematics as a test case for considering at its most general level what doing theory entails. Ideally, doing theory aims to change rather than merely describe reality, and in order to do so, it represents that reality differently. Such transformations, I argue, need special techniques of representation. In early modern mathematics, two techniques in particular enable new theoretical content: symbolic notation, and the real continuum. Together they create a language that can redescribe mathematical objects, for example, so that a single general formula can solve for all specific instances, and simple counting numbers can be reidentified in the real continuum as limits. I argue for the formative contribution of the imagination in such developments, that is, for an ability to reassemble givens of a problem in such a way as to solve it; and to concoct new objects or possibilities that do not exist in reality. In the sixteenth century, imaginary numbers (roots of negative values) most explicitly demonstrate the importance of speculating beyond what is real. As we consider what doing theory in the twenty-first century entails, it is worth remembering, in light of the article's analysis, how form or technique itself has agency, and the ability to transform theoretical content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay questions the narrative regime developed by Blake Butler’s 300,000,000 and aims to show that the reflexivity that the text builds upon downplays rather than enhances the hermeneutic approach. If the text constantly feeds back upon itself in order to reflect (upon) its own gestures and moves as well as its very inscription on the page, its aim is to undo any sort of relation to reading conceived of as a grasping mode and to underlie instead some form of absolute (or “severance” in its etymological sense recalled by Quentin Meillassoux) perceptible in the diverse ways the text eludes any readerly grasp. As it obfuscates its many leads, as it warps the syntax to opacify its own discourse, as it also renders problematic any analytical understanding of the text, 300,000,000 rather consists in some sort of speculative fiction understood philosophically, whose main characteristic would be to interrogate the very status of the text-as-object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses speculative finance and speculative fiction in the science fiction novel "The Dervish House," by Ian McDonald. Topics covered include signs that financial logic has become a formal horizon that many science fiction narratives cannot escape, the Crunch Lit phenomenon diagnosed by author Katy Shaw, and the notion of financial imaginary by Alison Shonkwiler.

The article examines how certain science fiction films make the invisible operations of finance visible. Topic covered include Duncan Jones's two science fiction films "Moon" and "Source Code," the ways that speculative finance and network time alter the basic sense of temporality, and the ways in which speculative finance commoditizes risk and leverages assets to build a perpetual present calculated for riskless flows of capital.

The article discusses how science fiction worldbuilding can disrupt the abstractions and obfuscations that are central to financial speculation. Topics covered include the degree to which speculative fiction and speculative finance operate according to similar narrative and imaginative strategies, and the ways that speculative fiction can reinforce the capitalist worldview.