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The weaponization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models in cybersecurity is a growing concern, with cybercriminal organizations and nation-states exploiting their weaknesses. The Microsoft "Tay" chatbot incident exemplifies the risks of weaponized AI, as it displayed sexist and racist behaviors due to malicious data inputs. The researcher examined 21 academic studies on AI weaponization and AI-driven cyberattacks in this systematic review. This work, a systematic review, concludes with an in-depth understanding of the scale and scope of using AI as a cyber weapon. The findings revealed that more research is necessary on weaponizing AI for offensive cybersecurity applications and the following key observations (a) a connection between AI weaponization and countermeasures, (b) AI's role in enhancing cybersecurity defenses, (c) AI weaponization offering mitigation strategies for protecting digital assets and infrastructure, and (d) AI-driven attacks exploiting vulnerabilities, enabling automation and scalability, facilitating data poisoning and manipulation, improving social engineering, and augmenting evasion obfuscation. This study contributes to a better understanding of AI weaponization and aids researchers in synthesizing current literature on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a transformative manufacturing technology that will play a significant role in the critical manufacturing sector. Industrial-grade 3D printers are increasingly used to produce functional parts for important systems. However, due to their reliance on computerization, 3D printers are susceptible to a broad range of attacks. More importantly, compromising a 3D printer is not a goal, but rather a staging point for launching subsequent attacks with the printer. For example, an adversary can compromise a 3D printer in order to manipulate the mechanical properties of manufactured parts. If the manufactured parts are used in jet engines or in other safety-critical systems, they could endanger human life, disrupt critical infrastructure assets and produce significant economic and societal impacts. This paper analyzes the ability of an adversary to “weaponize” compromised additive manufacturing equipment in order to cause kinetic, nuclear/biological/chemical or cyber damage. In particular, the paper presents categories (taxonomies) of the elements in an additive manufacturing workflow that can be compromised by successful attacks, the manipulations that the compromised elements can exercise and the weapon-like effects resulting from these manipulations. The relationships between these taxonomies are discussed. Finally, the weaponization capabilities of 3D printers are characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Informed by Galtung (1969), Anderson (2012) and Wacquant (2001), this paper argues that a lifetime of spiralling and everyday state structural violence and overtly racist criminal profiling principally targeted at young Black men living in the Toronto Community Housing Corporation prepares them for prison. Moreover, it contends that interpersonal violence, transmitted from generation to generation and producing a vicious cycle, is a manifestation of institutionalized and systemic inequity. In the context of a hypermasculine culture, young Black men are both victims and participants in a dialectic of interpersonal-structural violence. Routinely precipitated by powerful state actors and agencies of criminal justice, public policy and assorted 'moral entrepreneurs', young Black men have their masculinity weaponized and prisonized by the state's low-intensity declaration of war against them, and, among others, the poor, LGBTQ, immigrants, and First Nations and other people of colour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]