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This book presents a comprehensive update on some crucial aspects of brain and spinal tumoral pathology that strongly influence the current surgical management. It covers a range of topics, from the latest results of molecular diagnosis for tumors still considered unsuitable for surgical excision, to the increasing use of minimally invasive approaches made possible by the wide application of neuroendoscopic techniques. The first three chapters discuss basic research on the potential benefits of new, less invasive and more sophisticated techniques for brain exploration. The following four chapters examine how modern instruments for intraoperative visualization are modifying the traditional paradigm of classical neurosurgery. Two chapters describe he recent understanding of two of the most relevant intracranial tumors that still pose challenges for successful treatment, namely the tumor of the pineal region and ependymomas. Two more chapters are devoted to the management of brain tumors, the first exploring the valuable information that can be derived from biopsy when properly carried out, and the second detailing an innovative therapeutic modality that increases the intratumoral level of antineoplastic agents while minimizing body toxicity and side effects. The book also delves into congenital or acquired malformations of the brain, the skull base, and the cranial vault in three of its remaining chapters. Finally, the last chapter addresses the traumatic pathology of the spine, whose etiology and management have changed significantly in recent years.

In this book, internationally recognised experts provide an update on some important basic and technical aspects of neurosurgery. Intracranial tumours are the main focus of the book with chapters dealing with ependymomas, a tumour that still offers difficulties of interpretation in terms of both pathological features and management modalities, intraventricular tumours, which require particular attention in the choice of treatment modalities, and tumours considered typically paediatric that may still present in adulthood although with different aspects. Technical approaches to difficult anatomical areas are discussed in three chapters, dealing with the orbit, the craniocervical junction and the brainstem, respectively. Two rather didactic chapters, dealing with the minimally invasive technique for the spine and the clipping of cerebral aneurysms, are intended to contribute to the training of young neurosurgeons by illustrating the surgical steps in detail. The contribution of ultrasound to neurosurgery is illustrated in two chapters that should arouse great interest. The so-called Chiari malformations is approached in a chapter emphasising the role of cranio-cerebral disproportion in their pathogenesis. Finally, a chapter devoted to the ethical attitude that should characterise the daily practice of the neurosurgeon completes the book.Like the previous volumes in the series, this one represents an important contribution to the advancement of neurosurgical specialities.

The book offers the update on several basic and clinical problems in neurosurgery compiled by internationally recognized experts. The main topics covered are cerebral tumors, epilepsy and vascular malformations, congenital and acquired spine anomalies.The first chapter is devoted to the genetic of the Moya-Moya disease, a cerebral vascular disease quite common in Asia that is not yet sufficiently known. The second chapter is devoted to the current application of VR/AR (virtual reality/augmented reality) to pediatric neurosurgery. The next four chapters discuss the management of spine diseases, respectively the tethered cord syndrome, the severe forms of spondylolisthesis, the role of perioperative checklists, and the long-term outcomes of myelomeningocele. Two chapters deal with the surgical aspects of the management of intraventricular tumors. Cerebral tumors, namely malignant gliomas and jugular foramen tumors are the subject of the remaining chapters.Approaching the issue of technical standards in the everyday clinical practice of neurosurgery, this book of great interest for neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, vascular and plastic surgeons.

This new multithematic book in the series Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery offers an update on several basic and clinical problems in neurosurgery. The main topics are cerebral tumors, epilepsy and vascular malformations. The first chapter will deal with the burden of childhood cancer across the globe, a particular relevant problem in times where economic restrictions and the increased difficulties to access cure are the direct impact of the Covid19 pandemic. A very detailed chapter will provide new guidelines for neuroimaging investigations for intracerebral pathological conditions of surgical interest in the pediatric population. The technical aspects and technological advances in the surgical management of cerebral midline tumors will be covered by several chapters focusing of the optic pathways'tumors, third ventricle tumors, mesencephalon and pineal body tumors. An update on Chiari malformations and syringomyelia, on the surgical management of epilepsyand on cerebral aneurysms and pediatric spinal vascular malformations will be provided in the remaining contributions. All chapters contribute to an important advancement in the relevant fields, thus offering a valuable contribution to the management of difficult clinical conditions.

The book provides an update of several pathological conditions of the CNS that require neurosurgical treatment.The different chapters, written by the most eminent international scientists and clinicians in the field of neuroscience, offer a critical assessment of the relevant nosographic entities that are the subject of current scientific debate.The first chapter critically analyses the new WHO classification of brain tumours, while the second chapter is specifically devoted to intracranial tumours in the first years of life. The technical aspects of neuro-oncological surgery are addressed by two chapters dealing with the suprasellar approach to infratentorial tumours and how to decrease the risk of a specific complication of the surgical management of these tumours in the paediatric population, namely post-operative speech impairment. Hypothalamic tumours with their associated epilepsy and intracranial schwannomas complete the technical surgical section on intracranial tumours. An interesting chapter presents the latest advances in clinical prediction in neurosurgery.Spinal problems are discussed in two chapters, the first considering evolving concepts on craniovertebral and spinal instability and the second Chiari malformations.The management of intracranial arachnoid cysts is still a matter of controversy, as demonstrated in a specific chapter of the book. Another chapter deals with subdural haematomas in both adults and children.Hydrocephalus is treated in two chapters devoted to two post-inflammatory or post-infectious complications leading to specific and difficult-to-treat abnormalities in the CSF circulation.The final chapter of the book illustrates the rationale behind midface advancement in craniosynostosis.As with the previous volume in the series, the present volume represents an important contribution to the advancement of neurosurgical specialties.

This book offers an update on several basic and clinical problems in neurosurgery compiled by internationally recognized experts. This multi-thematic volume will touch on a variety of topics: from the role of women neurosurgeons in the last hundred year of the specialty history, to the pathogenesis of spinal dysraphism, to the convection-enhanced delivery of intracerebral antineoplastic drugs in children, through a review of methods and applications. The intraoperative cerebral blood flow monitoring in neurosurgery will be also discussed, offering again a comprehensive review of contemporary technologies and emerging perspectives. As for the technical standards, the book will describe the multimodality approach to cerebral gliomas, the management of thalamic tumors, the intracavitary treatment of craniopharyngiomas, the long term results of spasticity treatments, the surgical treatment of spinal vascular malformations, the management of idiopathic and refractory syringomyelia, offering at the same time an update of peripheral nerve surgery. All the chapters have to be considered an advance in the relative fields, in cerebral pathophysiology and in clinical management. Approaching the issue of technical standards in the everyday clinical practice of neurosurgery, this book is of great interest for neurosurgeons, neurologists and orthopaedists.

This book documents the state of the art in pediatric neurosurgery with the intention of providing a comprehensive guide to the management of the full range of pediatric neurosurgical disorders that will aid in the delivery of optimal care. Detailed practical instruction, taking into account recent advances, is provided on the neurosurgical treatment of congenital brain malformations, cerebrovascular diseases, head injuries and spinal trauma, infections, functional disorders, congenital and developmental spinal disorders, and brain and spinal tumors. Pearls and pitfalls are highlighted, and attention drawn to the most useful tips and tricks. Information is also included on relevant related topics, including the principles of neuroimaging, the physiological responses of newborns, infants, and children to neurosurgical trauma, preoperative evaluation, anesthesiology and intensive care, and other forms of therapy. The authors are renowned experts in the field, and the text is supportedby a wealth of high-quality images. Handbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery will be of value for neurosurgeons of all levels of experience, as well as for pediatricians, neuroradiologists, neuropathologists, and neuro-oncologists.

Written and edited by leading international authorities in the field, this book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of complications of CSF shunting, with emphasis on prevention, identification, and management. It covers the full range of shunt-related complications and the various associated adverse consequences that remain common despite significant improvements in imaging techniques and therapeutic methods. The chapters are organized into two parts: complications of extrathecal CSF shunt devices and complications of endoscopy. In addition to providing clinicians and investigators with the most pertinent current evidence, the book looks forward to future areas of hydrocephalus research and to innovative therapeutic philosophies. This comprehensive reference book will be an ideal source for neurosurgeons seeking both basic and more sophisticated information and procedures relating to the complications associated with CSF shunting.

​This dedicated volume in the series Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery (ATSN) provides a comprehensive approach to diseases of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) and their management based on the multidisciplinary cooperation of neurosurgeons, anatomists, neuroradiologists, and neuroanesthesiologists. The contributing authors represent the most renowned clinical and surgical experts from Europe and beyond. The main topics highlighted are embryology, normal and abnormal development of the CVJ, including the related vessels, modern radiological contributions to diagnosis, genetic and metabolic factors which may impact on the surgical strategies, the opportunities offered by traditional operative techniques, and the recently introduced minimally invasive and endoscopic surgical modalities. Special emphasis is also placed on the evolution of the principles of surgical treatment as matured during the past decade by experiences in the still open field of pediatric neurosurgery.

The contributions in this volume cover recent advances and changing concepts on diagnosis and treatment of resistant epilepsy in children. Topics treated are new insights on mechanisms of epileptogenesis in developing brain, multimodality imaging in pediatric intractable epilepsy, pediatric intractable epilepsy syndromes, pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy surgery, critical review of palliative surgical techniques for intractable epilepsy, treatment modalities for intractable epilepsy in hypothalamic hamartomas, contemporary management of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis.

Advances: H. Duffau: Subpial dissection and subcortical mapping with vasculature and white matter pathways preservation in surgery for brain (low grade) gliomas. - F. Scholtes, G. Brook, D. Martin: Spinal cord injury and its treatment: current management and experimental perspectives. - M. Sindou, M. Messerer, J. Alvernia, G. Saint-Pierre: Percutaneous Biopsy through the Foramen Ovale for Parasellar lesions: Surgical anatomy, Method and Indications. - Technical Standards: C. Raftopoulos, F. Waterkeyn, E. Fomekong, T. Duprez: Percutaneous pedicle screw implantation with robotic intraoperative 2D/3D fluoroscopy for refractory low back pain. – I. Zemmoura, S. Velut, P. Francois:The choroidal fissure: anatomy and surgical implications. – I. Timofeev, T. Santarius, A.G. Kolias, P.J.A. Hutchinson: Decompressive craniectomy – operative technique and perioperative care. - S Fauser, J Zentner: Management of complex cortical dysplasia in epilepsy

It is estimated that the functionally significant body of knowledge for a given medical specialty changes radically every 8 years. New specialties and'sub­ specialization'are occurring at approximately an equal rate. Historically, estab­ lished journals have not been able either to absorb this increase in publishable material or to extend their readership to the new specialists. International and national meetings, symposia and seminars, workshops, and newsletters success­ fully bring to the attention of physicians within developing specialties what is occurring, but generally only in demonstration form without providing historical perspective, pathoanatomical correlates, or extensive discussion. Page and time limitations oblige the authors to present only the essence of their material. Pediatric neurosurgery is an example of a specialty that has developed during the past 15 years. Over this period, neurosurgeons have obtained special train­ ing in pediatric neurosurgery, and then dedicated themselves primarily to its practice. Centers, Chairs, and educational programs have been established as groups of neurosurgeons in different countries throughout the world organized themselves respectively into national and international societies for pediatric neurosurgery. These events were both preceded and followed by specialized courses, national and international journals, and ever-increasing clinical and investigative studies into all aspects of surgically treatable diseases of the child's nervous system.

It is estimated that the functionally significant body of knowledge for a given medical specialty changes radically every 8 years. New specialties and'sub­ specialization'are occurring at approximately an equal rate. Historically, estab­ lished journals have not been able either to absorb this increase in publishable material or to extend their readership to the new specialists. International and national meetings, symposia and seminars, workshops and newsletters success­ fully bring to the attention of physicians within developing specialties what is occurring, but generally only in demonstration form without providing historical perspective, pathoanatomical correlates, or extensive discussion. Page and time limitations oblige the authors to present only the essence of their material. Pediatric neurosurgery is an example of a specialty that has developed during the past 15 years. Over this period, neurosurgeons have obtained special train­ ing in pediatric neurosurgery, and then dedicated themselves primarily to its practice. Centers, Chairs, and educational programs have been established as groups of neurosurgeons in different countries throughout the world organized themselves respectively into national and international societies for pediatric neurosurgery. These events were both preceded and followed by specialized courses, national and international journals, and ever-increasing clinical and investigative studies into all aspects of surgically treatable diseases of the child's nervous system.

It is estimated that the fU,nctionally significant body of knowledge for a given medical specialty changes radically every 8 years. New specialties and'sub-specialization'are occurring at approximately an equal rate. Historically, established journals have not been able either to absorb this increase in publishable material or to extend their readership to the new specialists. International and national meetings, symposia and seminars, workshops and newsletters successfully bring to the attention of physicians within developing specialties what is occurring, but generally only in dem­ onstration form without providing historical perspective, pathoanatomical correlates, or extensive discussion. Page and time limitations oblige the authors to present only the essence of their material. Pediatric neurosurgery is an example of a specialty that has developed during the past 15 years. Over this period, neurosurgeons have obtained special training in pediatric neurosurgery, and then dedicated themselves primarily to its practice. Centers, Chairs, and educational programs have been established as groups of neurosurgeons in different countries throughout the world organized themselves respectively into national and international societies for pediatric neurosurgery. These events were both preceded and followed by specialized courses, national and international journals, and ever-increasing clinical and investigative studies into all as­ pects of surgically treatable diseases of the child's nervous system.

Detecting residual cognitive function in disorders of consciousness (M. R. COLEMAN, J. D. PICKARD).- Rationale for hypothalamus-deep brain stimulation in food intake disorders and obesity (N. TORRES, S. CHABARDEES, A. L. BENABID).- Gustatory and reward brain circuits in the control of food intake (A. J. OLIVEIRA-MAIA, C. D. ROBERTS, S. A. SIMON, M. A. L. NICOLELIS).- SEEG-guided RF-thermocoagulation of epileptic foci: A therapeutic alternative for drug-resistant non-operable partial epilepsies (M. GUÉNOT, J. ISNARD, H. CATENOIX, F. MAUGUIERE, M. SINDOU).- Child abuse – some aspects for neurosurgeons (B. MADEA, M. NOEKER, I. FRANKE.- Prophylactic antibiotics and anticonvulsants in neurosurgery (B. RATILAL, C. SAMPAIO).- The dural sheath of the optic nerve: descriptive anatomy and surgical applications (P. FRANCOIS, E. LESCANNE, S. VELUT) -Surgical indications and techniques for failed coiled aneurysms (C. RAFTOPOULOS; with the collaboration of G. VAZ).

AdvancesJ. Maarrawi, P. Mertens, R. Peyron, L. Garcia-Larrea, M. Sindou: Functional exploration for neuropathic pain. - Z. H. Rappaport: The neuroscientific foundations of free will. - A. Hejcl, P. Jendelova, E. Sykova: Experimental reconstruction of the injured spinal cord. - M. Visocchi: Advances in video-assisted anterior surgical approach to the craniovertebral junction. Technical StandardsN. Akalan: Myelomeningocele (Open spina bifida): Surgical management. - M. Stoffel, C. Stüer, F. Ringel, B. Meyer: Treatment of infections of the spine. - I. Massimi, F. Novegno, C. di Rocco: Chiari Type 1 malformation in children.

In a specialized field such as neurosurgery, highly specific knowledge is required. Training programs in the EU vary, making it difficult to standardize medical training. This manual forms the basis for a European consensus in neurosurgery. It is written for residents, students and physicians with a special interest in neurosurgery. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are detailed according to localization (cranial, spinal, peripheral nerves) with special consideration given to congenital defects and pediatric neurosurgical disorders, functional and stereotactic neurosurgery, as well as critical neurosurgical care. Each chapter contains the basics of anatomy and physiology. The book is well-organized and clearly structured according to each entity and its neurosurgical treatment options. A better understanding of specific neurosurgical problems will help practicing neurosurgeons provide better medical care for their patients, and will also provide the neurosurgery resident with a reliable European standard for step-by-step management of neurosurgical problems, which will prove useful when preparing for the board examination.

Neurocutaneous diseases are a wide group of conditions that affect the nervous system but appear as lesions of the skin. Some of the more common entities have variable forms of expression that can confuse the diagnosis; for the rare conditions it is difficult to find descriptions in the literature. Recent insights into their cellular, biochemical and molecular genetic bases have shown the essential need for a new nosology and updated genotype-phenotype correlations. The book provides an authoritative source of knowledge about these difficult problems and bridges the gap between clinical recognition and the new molecular medicine. The editors, distinguished clinicians and geneticists, assembled an internationally renowned group of collaborators, many of them the experts who first described a particular disorder or established its present accepted definition. They have written a practical, comprehensive guide to the recognition, investigation and management of more than 60 recognised phakomatoses.