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This book presents specific key natural and artificial systems that are promising biocatalysts in the areas of health, agriculture, environment and energy. It provides a comprehensive account of the state of the art of these systems and outlines the significant progress made in the last decade using these systems to develop innovative, sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions. Chapters from expert contributors explore how natural enzymes and artificial systems tackle specific targets such as: climate change, carbon footprint and economy and carbon dioxide utilisation; nitrogen footprint and fixation and nitrous oxide mitigation; hydrogen production, fuel cells and energy from bacteria; biomass transformation and production of added-value compounds, as well as biosensors development. This book provides an important and inspiring account for the designing of new natural and artificial systems with enhanced properties, and it appeals not only to students and researchers working in the fields of energy, health, food and environment, but also to a wider audience of educated readers that are interested in these up-to-date and exciting subjects.Chapter “Carbon Dioxide Utilisation—The Formate Route” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Este livro oferece aos educadores e estudantes das áreas de ciências humanas e sociais, conhecimentos básicos para o planejamento, gestão, acompanhamento e avaliação de projetos, com foco nas áreas educacional e social. O conteúdo é apresentado em uma ordem lógica e didática, facilitando a assimilação de conceitos sobre as diversas instâncias do trabalho com projetos. O livro inclui uma abordagem conceitual e metodológica sobre Monitoramento e Avaliação de Projetos, que é um componente indispensável de projetos nas áreas educacional e social. São apresentadas orientações específicas para a formação de recursos humanos para o trabalho com projetos. A obra se destaca pela grande quantidade de exemplos de aplicação e de exercícios de revisão. A sexta edição, revisada e ampliada, tem como novidade a inclusão de novos tópicos como:'Gestão flexível de projetos'e'Implantação de Escritórios de Projetos nas organizações. Palavras chave: Projetos educacionais; Educação; Planejamento e Gestão de Projetos; Monitoramento e Avaliação de Projetos; Modelos de Planejamento e Gestão de projetos.

The reduction of nitrate to nitrogen by metalloenzymes is a vital step in the nitrogen cycle. The importance of this pathway has inspired efforts to understand in greater depth the mechanisms involved. This book presents and discusses the latest information on multiple aspects of denitrification. Written by recognized specialists in the field, this book describes the bioinorganic aspects and the key enzymes involved in denitrification, including their structure, function and mechanisms. Active site modelling, novel methodologies for monitoring denitrification in vivo and biotechnological methods for water treatment are discussed. The book also focusses on the environmental implications of denitrification, such nitrate accumulation and the release of nitrous oxide into the atmosphere from excessive fertiliser use. An important topic in many biological, environmental and agricultural contexts, this book will aid teaching and help bioinorganic chemists and biotechnologists gain an up-to-date picture of the science behind the denitrification process.

Los proyectos son una forma eficaz de convertir las ideas en resultados. En la actualidad, las actividades basadas en proyectos han cobrado gran importancia en el ámbito educativo y social, debido a las posibilidades que ofrecen los proyectos para obtener resultados que van más allá del ámbito de gestión de la rutina diaria. Este libro proporciona los conocimientos necesarios para la planificación, gestión, seguimiento y evaluación de proyectos. Además ofrece una serie de conceptos y métodos coherentes y organizados que facilitan su aplicación en diferentes contextos y niveles de trabajo. La secuencia de los capítulos sigue el ciclo de vida de un proyecto: iniciación, planificación, ejecución, control y cierre. El libro presenta capítulos específicos dedicados a temas tan importantes en la gestión de proyectos, como el seguimiento y la evaluación de proyectos, la enseñanza y el aprendizaje a través de proyectos y la capacitación de recursos humanos para la gestión de proyectos. Cada capítulo incluye además gran cantidad de ejemplos y ejercicios de revisión y profundización de los temas tratados. Está dirigido a docentes, estudiantes de grado y posgrado en las áreas de humanidades y ciencias sociales, investigadores, técnicos y coordinadores de proyectos educativos y sociales.

Iron plays a crucial role in many biochemical processes. In recent years intensive research has led to a better understanding of the function of iron in cellular metabolism. In more than twenty articles internationally renowned experts give a thorough account of the recent developments of this fascinating field. The book focuses on the central questions, e.g. transport, storage, and utilization of iron in cells, the three-dimensional structure of iron-containing proteins, the physiological function of heme and iron sulfur-containing proteins, and the regulatory mechanisms in heme biosynthesis and redox regulation of signal transduction. The interdisciplinary character of the book is designed to explore the many facets of the new findings and to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances for biochemists, bioinorganic chemists, molecular biologists, microbiologists and immunologists. The reviews are supplemented with valuable background information, results and numerous references. This book emphasizes the relationships between the different disciplines concerned with iron metabolism and opens new perspectives for future research!