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This new volume, Biofertilizers and Biopesticides in Sustainable Agriculture, presents strategies for the management of soil and crop diseases. Microbes have attracted worldwide attention due to their role in disease management and remediation of polluted soils. Taking a sustainable approach, this book explores the means of integrating various microbial management approaches to achieve the desired levels of crop yield under both conventional soils and neglected soils through the use of biopesticides and other botanicals as well as biomolecules. This book also presents a broad and updated view of molecular nitrogen fixation and phosphate-solubilizing and sulfur-transforming microbes for nutrition of crops in relation to the role of metal tolerant microbes in providing protection to plants grown in metal-contaminated soils. The preparation and application of biofertilizers, utilization of household waste materials, and use of genetically modified microorganisms (GMOs) in plant growth and development are also well discussed in the volume.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) - the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia - is one of the most important reactions in ecology and agriculture. It is performed exclusively by microbes (prokaryotes) that live in symbiosis with plants. This book summarizes the latest research on this reaction, the participating microbes and the genetics of how their relevant genes could be transferred into the plants. In the light of a more sustainable and less ecologically damaging agriculture, this is becoming an increasingly pressing issue.

Nitrogen availability is one of the most critical factors that limits plant productivity. The largest reservoir of nitrogen is the atmosphere, but this gaseous molecular nitrogen only becomes available to plants through the biological nitrogen fixation process, which only prokaryotic cells have developed. The discovery that microbes were providing fixed nitrogen to legumes and the isolation of the first nitrogen-fixing bacteria occured at the end the 19th Century, in Louis Pasteur's time. We are now building on more than 100 years of research in this field and looking towards the 21st Century. The International Nitrogen Fixation Congress series Started more than 20 years ago. The format of this Congress is designed to gather scientists from very diverse origins, backgrounds, interests and scientific approaches and is a forum where fundamental knowledge is discussed alongside applied research. This confluence of perspectives is, we believe, extremely beneficial in raising new ideas, questions and concepts.

Denitrification is a process occurring in natural environments, such as soil, marine and fresh waters, where the role of the nitrogen cycle is relevant. Denitrificiation is defined as an anoxic biological process, which involves the reduction of nitrate or nitrite to molecular nitrogen. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the processes, regulation and ecological significance of denitrification. Topics discussed include the biological removal of nitrogen compounds from wastewaters; biofilm reactors in denitrification processes; design ecological treatment systems for nitrogen removal through nitritation and anammox; microbial water denitrification stimulated by electric fields and denitrification in plant-beneficial bacteria.

th th On June 17 and 18 1987 the fourth workshop on'Azospi­ rillum: Genetics, Physiology, Ecology'took place at the Uni ver­ sity of Bayreuth, West Germany, organized by the Genetics depart­ ment. There were about 80 participants, who came from German research institutions, from other European countries, from Is­ rael, Egypt, India, North Vietnam, and North and South America. The former workshops had also taken place in Bayreuth, in 1981, 1983 and 1985, hence the organizers could draw on the experience obtained at these earlier workshops. Azospirilla have, during the past 15 years, found an ever increasing scientific interest because, first, these soil bacte­ ria carry the genetic information for binding molecular nitrogen from the air and, second, they live in close vicinity to the roots of grain crops and forage grasses. By exploitation of these two properties, it is hoped to develop inoculation procedures which can be used in nitrogen-deficient soils.

This concise yet comprehensive text surveys the field of bacterial metabolism in terms useful to students and researchers. Emphasis is on those metabolic reactions occurring only in bacteria. Thus, the book describes in detail the energy metabolism of the various groups of bacteria. In addition, it examines pathways used by bacteria for the degradation of organic compounds, the synthesis of cellular constituents, the regulation of bacterial metabolism and the fixation of molecular nitrogen.

This book is designed to provide in-depth information about Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Science. It is written in a lucid style with theoretical discussions and being supplemented with illustrations, and tables for easy understanding of the subject. The book is also supported with a comprehensive glossary and index at the end. This book will serve as a valuable resource for graduate and postgraduate students'teachers, researchers, geotechnical, mining and civil engineers for graduate and postgraduate students and academics.

The Science of Land Subsidence explains the current science underpinning natural and human-made land subsidence events, and provides students and interested readers with sufficient background on the basics of geology, natural science, chemical, and environmental engineering. Moreover, it presents a wide-ranging discussion presented in the author's comprehensible conversational style describing the impact of land subsidence events on health, sustenance, and society in general, and provides various case studies covering catastrophic land subsidence events. This book is directed at undergraduate and graduate students, professionals, scientists, and the general reading public who would like to gain a broad multidisciplinary view of one of the greatest challenges of our generation.• Describes the impact of land subsidence events on health, sustenance, and society in general.• Provides various case studies covering catastrophic land subsidence events.

'The book opens by establishing a strong foundation in hydroponics, explaining its core principles, techniques, and advantages in plant research. The book provides insights into formulating and optimizing nutrient solutions for various plant species, emphasizing the importance of nutrient management in achieving research objectives. The book showcases real-world applications of hydroponics in plant biology. Through case studies, readers will see how hydroponics has been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and practical solutions in agriculture and environmental conservation. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, scholars, and students, aspiring hydroponic gardeners, commercial hydroponic farmers, and sources of inspiration for a variety of readers interested in the field of hydroponics.'

The edited book comprises of eighteen chapters, with an equal emphasis given to the discussion of various items related to soil science in all of the chapters. This has been done keeping in mind the needs of students, scientists, plant nutritionists, and other individuals who are interested in studying soil science and soil health. Each chapter of the book is arranged sequentially, with some problems at the end to facilitate easy understanding of the subject matter. The first seventeen chapters focus on various aspects of soil, including the formation of rocks and minerals, the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, and the different essential plant nutrients and their functions, absorption mechanisms, nutrient interactions, chelates, manurers, and fertilizers. These topics have been presented in response to the growing demand for soil science education, particularly among agricultural students. The final chapter is devoted to key issues related to soil health and their management.

An expanded and updated new edition of a concise introduction to climate system dynamicsClimate Dynamics provides an essential foundation in the physical understanding of Earth's climate system. Assuming no previous introduction to the climate system, the book is designed for all science, math, and engineering students at the advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate levels. This second edition includes updated and expanded information on hydrology, the cryosphere, observed contemporary climate change, and climate prediction. In addition, the illustrations are expanded and now in full color.The first section of the book provides a description of the climate system based on current observations of the mean climate state and its variability. The second section develops a quantitative understanding of the processes that determine the climate state—radiation, heat balances, and the basics of fluid dynamics applied to the atmosphere, oceans, and cryosphere. The third and final section focuses on observed contemporary climate change and prediction.Presents a physically based, quantitative understanding of the climate system and climate changeEmphasizes fundamental observations and understandingFeatures end-of-chapter exercises and full-color illustrationsAn online illustration package and solutions manual for professors is available

The oil and gas industry operates installations and processes with important quantities of flammable substances within a wide range of pressures and temperatures. A particular hazard for this type of installations is an accidental release of a large quantity of flammable material resulting in the formation of a flammable cloud within the installation. Upon ignition, such a cloud may lead to an explosion producing shockwaves with enough energy to cause substantial damage to people and assets. Such accidents are commonly named'Vapor Cloud Explosions'. This book gives insight in the phenomena involved in Vapor Cloud Explosions and proposes strategies for their prevention and mitigation.

This book provides an accessible introduction to radioactivity. The first in a two-volume set, this volume is presented in two parts, covering radiation physics and natural radiation exposure.It first explores the discovery and physics of the phenomenon of radioactivity, covering the discovery of radioactive decay and the historical development of the physics and applications of radioactivity through to 1940. Chapters then present descriptive summaries of the physics of the atom and the atomic nucleus, mass and energy conditions, the nature of isotopes, and the different decay patterns. Chapter three discusses decay laws and introduces natural origins of radioactivity as well as methods for producing radioactive isotopes through nuclear reaction processes in reactor and accelerator. The book then provides an introduction on dosimetry, radiation chemistry and impact of radiation on biological systems.The second half of the book details natural radioactivity and the role of radioactivity in the formation of the planetary system and our Earth. The author describes how the inner radioactivity of our planet determines its dynamics and how it could have contributed to the origins of life. The volume concludes with an exploration of the external and internal radioactivity to which humans are exposed and their possible side effects.This book will be of interest to non-science undergraduate and physics graduate students alike, as well as to interested lay-people looking for an introduction to radioactivity. Key Features:- Written in an accessible style, to be understood by readers without a formal scientific education- Highly illustrated throughout- Authored by an expert in the field, drawing from decades of experience in experimental nuclear physics

The origins of agroforestry, which involves the cultivation of trees, shrubs, and crops together, are deeply rooted in tradition and date back to antiquity. However, the scientific study of agroforestry is a relatively recent development. Through extensive experimentation and practical experience, it has been established that agroforestry, as a land-use system, can produce both food and timber while also contributing to the preservation and restoration of ecosystems. This book is comprehensive and covers all aspects of agroforestry, including its history, fundamental concepts, system classification, the interactions between tree crops, planning and management, diagnosis and design, policy and project development, and propagation and management practices for multipurpose trees. It is divided into ten informative chapters.

The book is composed of sixteen chapters that systematically describe the fundamental aspects of soil science. The chapters begin with an introduction to the earth crust and composition and then move on to an exploration of soil constituents, soil formation and classification, and soil survey and land use planning. The book also covers soil properties, soil water, temperature, and air, as well as mineral nutrition of plants, including soil fertility and fertilizer usage, and macro and micro-elements in soils and plants. Additionally, the book addresses soil reaction and salt-affected soils, as well as soil conservation. The book is written in a clear and concise language, making it easy to read and understand. It also includes short, easy-to-remember points for quick revision, as well as exercise and practice sections. The widespread occurrence of land degradation is a serious environmental threat and a major global concern in today world. Protecting these finite land resources is essential in the context of food security and environmental stability.

It covers the implementation of advanced wastewater treatment techniques, with a focus on pollutant removal. It explores the physical, chemical and biological treatment technologies. Discusses the advancements of materials and technologies applicable to both potable water and wastewater from industrial municipal sources. This book would be an invaluable asset for the students of chemical, civil and environmental engineering and also be useful to the practising professionals involved in the design of wastewater treatment plants.

Organic agriculture contributes significantly to environmental safety and sustainability of land productivity worldwide. This new book provides an understanding of organic farming, discussing the nutritional importance of organic foods, the effect of climate change on organic agriculture, crop management practices, soil and nutrient management, organic seed production and pest and disease management in organic farming. Some specific topics include the economics of organic farming, strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, integrated organic farming systems, biofortification in organic farming, water and weed management, holistic plant breeding, biofertilizers and vermicomposting, organic seed production, and much more.Bridging the gap between literature and practical applications, this comprehensive book provides a plethora of information for academicians, scientists, researchers, students, farmers, NGOs, agriculture entrepreneurs, and progressive farmers in developing a sound knowledge base on organic farming.

“Dive into a Sustainable Future with Cyanobacteria Biotechnology” Explore the boundless potential of cyanobacteria in “Emerging Trends in Cyanobacteria Biotechnology”. This comprehensive volume, curated by leading experts, showcases cutting-edge research and practical applications across environmental sustainability, human health, and beyond. It will be the book of your choice to discover innovative methodologies and breakthroughs in carbon capture, bioprocessing, and metabolic engineering, illuminating cyanobacteria's pivotal role in shaping a sustainable future. Whether a researcher, student, entrepreneur, or industry professional, this book is your gateway to interdisciplinary collaboration and ground-breaking innovation. Join us on a journey to harness the power of cyanobacteria—let's build a healthier, more sustainable world together. Your next big idea starts here!

This book includes a carefully curated selection of contributions that were presented at the 17th International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps) held in Dubai, UAE, from March 6th to 10th, 2023. The selection of chapters was based on their relevance to the current space operations community. The contributions represent a cross-section of three main subject areas: Mission Management—management tasks for designing, preparing and operating a particular mission; Spacecraft Operations—preparation and implementation of all activities to operate a space vehicle (crewed and uncrewed) under all conditions; and Ground Operations—preparation, qualification, and operations of a mission dedicated ground segment and infrastructure, including antennas, control centers, and communication means and interfaces. The book highlights the SpaceOps Committee's objective to encourage the exchange of technical knowledge regarding space mission operations and ground data systems. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of establishing and sustaining a global community of experts in space operations.

This book is built on the recent advancements in understanding thermoplasmonics and highlights the exciting new directions that are shaping this field. Thermoplasmonics using light to heat nanostructures is a promising and rapidly expanding subfield of plasmonics. When the light frequency matches the oscillation frequency of free electrons on the nanostructures, it induces a collective oscillation known as plasmon resonance. This effect allows fantastic control over the optical field at sub-wavelength scales, enhancing the light-matter interaction to surmount the diffraction limits. The plasmon resonance is responsible for fascinating and tunable properties, such as local field enhancement, generation of hot electrons as well as the localized/collective heating. These energetic carriers and heat can be harvested to drive a wide range of physical and chemical processes, making them promising for different fields of science. In this book, we discuss the recent advances in understanding of thermoplasmonics and highlight some of the exciting new directions, covering aspects of its principles, materials, and characterization, along with the diverse applications. The basic fundamentals are first introduced from plasmonic theory and thermodynamics to the thermal-induced processes. Then, much effort is placed on examination of thermoplasmonic materials and the common synthesis methods. The strategies for proper material selection and rational structural design are summarized toward more efficient energy conversion. The synthesizing methods for novel nanostructures are presented with a goal to achieve optimal thermoplasmonic properties. Afterward, the characterization technologies for thermoplasmonics are also addressed, which involves analytic and computational approaches as well as nanoscale thermometry. For each application, the unique role of thermoplasmonics and their associated benefits are elaborated. Research trends and insights into the use of thermoplasmonics to improve performance are analyzed as well. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in this field are pointed out in this book.

This book focuses on the latest research in soil and microbiome, evaluating new and emerging innovations. Recent research has connected specific microbial taxa to plant productivity, and it is now possible to link changes in microbiome structure to the functioning of plants or crops due to advanced approaches. It provides: Insights into basic microbiome research. Focusing on its applications in agriculture. Soil bioremediation. Environmental restoration. It addresses the impact of global change on soil microbial diversity and ecosystem functions. We aim to tailor microbiome applications to individual host species better, improving treatment efficiency. The book will discuss microbiome dynamics in various environments and their potential to improve soil and plant health to meet growing food demands. It will also highlight the current developments in microbiome research and their implications for climate change. 1. Linking the dynamics of microbial communities to microbiome function. 2. Recent soil microbiome applications and harnessing for sustainable agriculture, food security, and environmental management 3. An advanced and elaborative view of the most recent microbiological research findings 4. Simple, insightful illustrations of current microbial biotechnology trends 5. Future advances in microbial biotechnology research for sustainable development

This edited volumes contains overviews and case studies of land and water contamination and remediation from international scholars, most from developing countries. ​Contaminated land contains substances that are actually or potentially hazardous to health or the environment. Areas with a long history of industrial production are known as brownfield land. Land contamination can result from a variety of intended, accidental, or naturally occurring activities and events such as manufacturing, mineral extraction, abandonment of mines, national defense activities, waste disposal, accidental spills, illegal dumping, leaking underground storage tanks, hurricanes, floods, pesticide use, and fertilizer application. Chemical contamination of land has degraded this important ecosystem quality. This book provides our current understanding of land pollution and water pollution in areas such as estuaries. Topics presented include major types of pollutants in contaminated land ecosystem; factors affecting the fate of pollutants in contaminated land; biomonitoring approaches to assess the contaminated land health, and chemicals impact on human health, land microbial diversity and climate change. The book further explores persistent organic pollutants, arsenic and heavy metals pollution of contaminated land and their impact on rice quality. The last chapters focus on the sustainable management and treatment of contaminated land and water.

Aimed at students and professionals, this book provides an overview of the science and technology of the downstream sector of the oil and gas industry. Topics include the refining of crude oil and other feedstocks – including renewables – into fuels and lubricants. They also describe the conversion of simple chemicals into solvents, polymers, fibers, rubbers, coatings, and myriad other products, including pharmaceuticals.In addition to drawing on the authors'previous books, it includes teaching material from several courses. These include workshops provided for top refining companies and a highly rated course taught at the Florida A&M University/Florida State University (USA).

This book provides a first-of-its-kind analysis of the emerging global hydrogen economy from the vantage point of one of the world's biggest energy providers: Saudi Arabia. In 2021, and within the context of the Circular Carbon Economy framework, Saudi Arabia announced its goal to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2060 and produce a substantial amount of clean hydrogen annually by 2030. The Kingdom is optimally situated geographically between the major demand markets in Europe and North Asia, from where it can leverage clean hydrogen exports as a potential tool to become a player of strategic importance and successfully diversify its economy under its Vision 2030 program. More broadly, the book charts a course for fossil fuel-exporting countries such as Saudi Arabia to carve a competitive position for themselves over the forthcoming decades using clean hydrogen as a catalyst for the energy transition.With contributions from global energy experts, the chapters in this book provide a multifaceted analysis of the'who,''what,''where,'and'why'related to clean hydrogen development within and beyond Saudi Arabia. Collectively, the contributions analyze the countries and regions relevant to Saudi Arabia in terms of dedicated hydrogen policies, projects, and approaches that aim to incentivize production and demand in an increasingly carbon-constrained world. The book is a timely, unique and an indispensable resource for practitioners and students of energy, geopolitics, and climate policy working on hydrogen in academia, applied research, national government bodies, and international organizations.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This book explains the main problems of industrial wastewater treatments and how they are being treated by innovative biological processes. The need for clean water in developing countries has become difficult to achieve as a result of globalization and industrialization and because of an increase in population, urbanization, and per capita water use. Residential, commercial, industrial, and educational institutions produce immense amounts of wastewater. Wastewater is treated to extract toxins to produce processed effluent by physical, chemical, and biological processes. Most of these innovative treatment systems are membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, and electrochemical approaches, which are strongly committed to offering solutions to help protect public health and the environment. For wastewater treatment, different forms of bioreactors are used which are reliable, cost-efficient, and effective in removing a wide variety of contaminants. This book outlines the capacity of various bioreactors that are most widely used for the treatment of different industrial and domestic wastewater, such as a rotating biological contactor, biological fluidized bed reactor, packed bed reactor, membrane bioreactor, continuous stirred tank bioreactor, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, and photobioreactor, etc. Despite this, the acceptance of these technologies and their commercialization on an industrial scale, the performance is still limited. Therefore, a broader use of cost-effective in situ remedial approaches to natural phenomena like bioremediation is needed. The role of numerous bioreactors in industrial effluent treatment has, including recent developments, also been explored in depth. Furthermore, it includes the operational factors affecting their performances, advances in their architectural design, their amalgamation with the existing setup, scale-up studies, life cycle assessment of those reactors, materials and cost analysis, etc. This information helps the reader to understand the insight into the mechanism, pros and cons, moreover efficient utilization, and commissioning of bioreactors.

This book is a valuable addition to the scientific community. It explores insights in technological developments in biochar and emerging soil amendments to improve soil health and meet required food demands. This book thoroughly discusses technologies for efficient and effective biochar production, waste management, the mitigation of greenhouse gases, emerging contaminants, environmental concerns of biochar, soil health management and sustainable crop production.

This is an open access book.2023 5th International Conference on Hydraulic, Civil and Construction Engineering (HCCE 2023) will be hosted by Central South University and AEIC Academic Exchange Information Center, will be held on December 15–17, 2023 in Changsha, Hunan, China.HCCE 2023 will mainly focus on the development of hydraulic, civil and construction engineering etc. Aims to provide an exchange platform for experts and scholars, engineers and research personnel of related fields. By discussing scientific research achievements and advanced technology, we can understand the trend of academic development, broaden our horizon in research, strengthen the level of academic research and discussion, and promote the intelligent level of hydraulic, civil and construction engineering and the industrialization of academic achievements.

Approx.730 pages - Introduces different sources of GHGs'emission - Describes different methods for controlling GHGs'emission - Includes geoengineering methods for decreasing GHGs'emission

Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion is a comprehensive seven-volume set of books that discusses the composition and properties of greenhouse gases, and introduces different sources of greenhouse gases emission and the relation between greenhouse gases and global warming. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of common technologies as well as novel research related to all aspects of greenhouse gases makes this work an indispensable encyclopedic resource for researchers in academia and industry.Volume 6 titled Methane, Nitrox Oxide, and Ozone Conversion and Applications studies the applications of any greenhouse gases (GHGs) other than carbon dioxide. This book reviews the applications of methane, nitrox oxide, and ozone. It investigates any valuable product fabricated with the inclusion of methane, nitrox oxide, and ozone. The book also reviews recent advances, the largest operating plants and pilots for methane conversion, the economic assessments and cost analysis, and environmental impacts and challenges that are faced when developing these processes - Introduces applications and chemicals produced from methane - Describes nitrous oxide conversion and applications - Discusses about various applications of ozone

Advances and Technology Development in Greenhouse Gases: Emission, Capture and Conversion is a comprehensive seven-volume set of books that discusses the composition and properties of greenhouse gases, and introduces different sources of greenhouse gases emission and the relation between greenhouse gases and global warming. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of common technologies as well as novel research related to all aspects of greenhouse gases makes this work an indispensable encyclopedic resource for researchers in academia and industry.Volume 3 titled Greenhouse Gases Storage and Transportation investigates in detail the methods of storage and transportation, their current status, novel strategies, and the conventional challenges. The book consists of four sections, the first three of which include various strategies employed in the storage and transportation of the major greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Each section addresses recent advances, new concepts, and the economic assessment of storage and transportation facilities. Section 4 surveys the challenges that storage and transportation of GHGs may face and delves into the major problems of the pipelines that are employed for the transportation of the materials - Introduces different technologies for carbon storage and transportation - Describes various methane storage and transportation technologies - Discusses challenges of GHGs'transportation

Non-halogenated Flame-Retardant Technology for Epoxy Resins, Thermosets and Composites provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the latest advances and technological developments in this field. The chapters cover important flame-retardant systems based on phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon, and boron as well as novel flame retardant epoxy nanocomposites such as graphene, graphitic carbon nitride, MoS2, phosphorene, CNTs, LDHs, and POSS. The use of flame retardant epoxy thermosets and composites in varying applications are also covered, for example, in coatings and paints, in electric and electronic applications and in aviation and automotive sectors. This comprehensive book will be an essential reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, as well as materials scientists and polymer engineers, and for those who are working in the development of flame retardant epoxy-based materials. - Covers basic properties, flame retardant mechanisms, emerging nanomaterials, and industrial applications - Provides the latest information on biobased flame retardants - Discusses hybridization technologies between different morphologies

Renewable Hydrogen: Opportunities and Challenges in Commercial Success presents fundamental principles and the latest research and technological advances in renewable hydrogen commercialization. With commercial scenarios and case studies, the book offers practical guidance for the scale-up of hydrogen production and storage.Beginning with an introduction to alternative energy resources, Part 1 presents a deep dive into the chemical, biochemical and electrochemical processes of hydrogen production. Part 2 discusses hydrogen storage and transportation, with Part 3 reviewing the applications of hydrogen in the automobile, space and chemical industries. Finally, Part 4 considers future perspectives, including challenges and techno economics.Renewable Hydrogen: Opportunities and Challenges in Commercial Success is an essential read for those seeking to understand how to successfully apply hydrogen production and storage research to an industrial scale. - Presents a comprehensive review of hydrogen production and scale-up perspective - Provides a detailed compilation of commercial scale hydrogen storage, along with opportunities and challenges faced during economical production - Highlights future trends and government policies that will impact the renewable hydrogen production

Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science is the most up-to-date reference work for system based coastal and estuarine ecosystem science and management. It addresses the big issues facing the estuaries and coastal zone; in particular how to best use multi- and inter-disciplinary science to ensure the sustainability of the environment. It focusses on the need to protect and maintain the natural functioning of the estuaries and coasts worldwide while delivering the ecosystem services from which society extract goods and benefits.Structured chapters, written by leaders in the field, include reference lists and additional reading, copious diagrams, case-studies, and especially provide synthesis diagrams and conceptual models of complex issues. The Treatise covers both the natural and social sciences, serving a wide audience which ranges from undergraduate students to established researchers and practitioners.The work avoids autecological studies but focusses on inter-linked physical-chemical-biological-ecosystem processes and associated socio-economic issues in the coastal zone. It examines estuaries and coasts, and their interactions and feedbacks with humanity, from the inland catchment/river basin to the ocean shelf.The new edition builds on and expands the previous version with significant updates and a whole new section on Climate Change and Coastal Ecosystems, covering the resistance and resilience of the estuaries, coasts and other transitional habitats to climate change, thereby determining changes and responses needed over the coming decades. - Comprehensive – a unique resource in the field, Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science covers system based coastal and estuarine science and management, linking physical, chemical and biological ecosystem processes with associated socio-economic issues. - Highly regarded: the previous edition was very well received by the market and widely used, with over 50,000 chapter downloads. - Updated and forward-looking: the new edition expands the previous version with significant updates and a whole new section on Climate Change and Coastal Ecosystems, covering the resistance and resilience of the estuaries, coasts and other transitional habitats and responses needed over the coming decades. - Authoritative and accessible – 155 chapters, written by leaders in the field, provide synthesis and conceptual models of complex issues, ensuring that the knowledge within is easily understood by a large audience. - Structured content - all chapters follow a common structure with set headings, making it easier for users to cross-compare and navigate the content.

This comprehensive guide from WineMaker magazine—packed with recipes, expert advice, step-by-step photos, and more—is the resource you need to make your own great wine at home.Home winemakers around the world have turned to the experts at WineMaker magazine for more than two decades. From well-tested recipes to expert troubleshooting, WineMaker sets the standard for quality. Now, the editors known for publishing the best information on making incredible wine at home have set the new standard for how-to books on winemaking. In The WineMaker Guide to Home Winemaking, you'll find the best of the best when it comes to techniques, recipes, tips, and more.The book is built to be a first-time winemaker's companion, explaining the entire process from start to finish with helpful photography. Yet it has plenty to offer those who are more experienced, as well, including advanced techniques for blending, testing, creating sparkling wines and fruit wines, and barrel aging. Inside these pages you'll find:Keys to better winemaking: maceration, fermentation, blending, and moreA variety of editor-tested recipesA deep dive on wine-related ingredientsThe most useful troubleshooting solutions ever published in the magazineCovers winemaking with fresh grapes, juices, kits, concentrates, and country fruitsWhether you're looking to get into winemaking, up your game, or find inspiration for your next wine, let WineMaker be your guide.

At the peak of cadatas'technological development, their business leaders attempt diverting an asteroid to mine its resources. A miscalculated maneuver misses the mine, and instead strikes their home world. With Cadata in ruins, a spaceship with three hundred explorers begins what would become a 100,000-year journey across the Milky Way, searching for a habitable world to relocate their perishing population. Cadata scientists gene-edit pilots to match the dominant species on each planet. Even with a 5,000-year lifespan, it takes them twenty-three generations to reach Earth. Chief pilots, Wocega and Ortack, and their descendants, face thrilling and terrifying challenges. Their bodies'chemistry covers the spectrum of the periodic table, and their consistency alters from alcohol, to clouds, to metal. They are bombarded by diamond rain. They are enveloped in the sunless darkness of a roaming planet. They are compressed by pressures of extreme gravity, and dense atmospheres. Can even the most adaptable species endure a search for a new planet? This is the first captivating history of cadatas'explorations from one of their expert historians, Ortack-23. Assisted by first ever translations of authoritative first-person archival accounts of cadata explorers, this history traces the geology of Cadata from the formation of this planet, through the events that led to its downfall, with a record of discoveries about alien habitats, and to their present attempts to become legal refugees on Earth. This is a one-of-a-kind theoretical and scientific defense of the presence of aliens on Earth, and of the scientific breakthroughs they achieved to reach us. It is accompanied with a bibliography of sources, an index, a galactic map of the journey, and a chronology of events. As humanity commences on its quest for life elsewhere in the universe, this encyclopedic study explains varieties of atmospheric conditions, and biological organisms as alien to Earth as Earth is to them.

Comprehensive overview of the air pollution control technology field including the design, selection, operation, and maintenance of relevant devices Optimizing Air Pollution Control Equipment Performance delivers an analysis of the subject of air pollution control equipment from the perspective of the practicing engineer or an applied scientist, rather than a theoretical perspective. Written by a team of highly qualified authors with experience in both industry and academia, coverage includes: Design and selection of a variety of relevant devices as well as carbon dioxide capture processes and technologies related to control of NOx Strategies to ensure that air pollution control systems meet stringent emission standards and latest technological requirements, with up-to-date references throughout Typical problems related to air pollution control equipment, emphasizing where and how these factors can have a major impact on the maintenance problems of control devices Methods to reduce maintenance costs and prevent deterioration of collector performance A timely reference detailing problems that have plagued users for nearly 100 years, Optimizing Air Pollution Control Equipment Performance earns a well-deserved spot on the bookshelves of professionals working in environmental control, including consultants, engineers, and government agency personnel, as well as advanced students in related programs of study.

This book addresses the most innovative topics on silicon to ensure sustainability in agriculture, including advances in nanotechnology and the impact on human health. It provides innovative information on the mineral nutrition of plants with a focus on the beneficial element silicon that has attracted the attention and interest of researchers. This is happening because silicon is the only element in plant nutrition that is capable of mitigating the greatest number of stressful events during plant cultivation. Faced with climate change associated with disease pressure due to the use of transgenic cultivars that decreases genetic variability and increases the occurrence of stress in crops. Associated with this, there is a need to reduce the use of chemical pesticides in crops to favor agro-environmental sustainability and thus increases the need for the use of silicon in agriculture. This is important because the main goal of plant mineral nutrition is to meet the demand of the plant and consequently of man and his nutritional requirements, but there is a lack of work to integrate the benefits of Si in plants and consequently its reflections on human health. The information in this work will drive further research to expand knowledge and the benefits of Si in sustainable agriculture and human health, and therefore, the target audience would be researchers, professors, students from universities and research institutes, as well as company technicians.

The book begins with an introduction to the general problems of making measurements in high temperature and a presentation of chemically reacting flow systems. It describes each instrument with the various diagnostic techniques and discusses measurements that have been made in furnaces, flames, and rocket engines. The detailed measurement techniques described in this book cover a wide spectrum of applications in combustion systems, including gas turbine, rocket measurement techniques that were developed in laboratories. Information obtained on detailed temperature, velocity, particle size, and gas concentration distribution is leading to improve understanding of the chemical combustion process and to design imporvements in combustors.

​Aimed at students and professionals, this book provides an overview of the science and technology of the upstream/midstream sectors of the oil and gas industry. Topics include the origin of fossil hydrocarbons and their chemical/physical properties; discovering hydrocarbon reserves; recovering oil, gas and bitumen; and purifying natural gas and process offgas. The chapter on safety and the environment convers safety regulations and environmental laws. It highlights learnings from major accidents. In addition to drawing on the authors'previous books, it includes teaching material from several courses. These include workshops provided for top petroleum companies and a highly rated course taught at the Florida A&M University/Florida State University (USA).

This book highlights the types and importance of multitasking fungi and provides critical analysis of fungi involved in production of important enzymes. It also covers additional tasks of fungi such as biosorption, remediation, soil fertilization, and water treatment. This book discusses the types of fungi, their cultivation, execution of multitasking, and the analysis and recovery of products. This information can be used to understand and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of fungi in the production of a variety of products, such as antibiotics, enzymes, and biofuels. This book would be of interest to researchers working in industrial biotechnology, fungal physiology, environmental sciences and technology, sustainable technologies, and agricultural sciences.

This book presents state-of-the-art coverage of the basic concepts of magnetization. The book focuses on electron-spin interaction, electron-spin-magnetic field interactions with or without angular dependent, magnetic properties with the dimension of particles or surrounding environment, proximity effects on core-shell structure or hybrid or composite and their applications. It also discusses recent advances in magnetic materials and its future scope. This book is of interest to students, researchers and professionals working in the area of materials science, especially magnetic materials and allied fields.

Climate change represents one of humanity's paramount global challenges and stands as a pivotal issue in sustainable development. This book delves into critical strategies for mitigating climate change and adapting to its impacts, emphasizing the integration of circular economy principles and the promotion of sustainability as imperative, especially through trans-sectoral approaches. The entire set of papers brings up research results and findings answering several of the Sustainable Development Goals, with a sense of complementarity integrating elements that lead to synergies when coupled and approached jointly.

Since the low energy efficiency and rise in emissions by using fossil fuels, the hydrogen economy has been considered as a unique approach to resolve these problems, making hydrogen an attractive fuel. This book titled Hydrogen Energy: Production, Storage, and Utilization describes various technologies for hydrogen production from different sources and storage in liquid, gaseous, and compound forms, which have also been covered in detail. It also highlights the various modes of transportation of hydrogen and its utilization in a variety of engineering applications such as automotive engines, fuel cells, electric power generation, and aerospace. The book also explores the safety challenges, handling issues, and future scope.This book: Covers the methods of hydrogen production including the bioconversion method. Explains the hydrogen storage technologies with proper illustrations. Includes engineering and non-engineering applications of hydrogen utilization covering the most advanced generation of fuel cells, power generation for hybrid vehicles, and space applications. Presents state-of-the-art research carried out in the domains of hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization along with safety aspects. Discusses modes and methods of hydrogen transportation such as in gaseous form, liquid form, and solid form. The book has a wide scope of reaching out to diverse readers including but not limited to industrial engineers, process engineers, researchers, and academicians. The research fraternity will gain the benefit of being aware and selecting a similar recent research domain in the field of hydrogen production.

Introduction to Chemistry ISE

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, 6e ISE

Chemistry ISE

This book provides an in-depth exploration of microbial biodiversity and its crucial role in diverse biotechnological and industrial sectors. It covers topics such as the integration of molecular approaches for identifying industrially significant strains, omics roles in the production of bioproducts, and modern genetic engineering techniques. It discusses biostatistical investigations and the impact of microbial biotechnology on healthcare and emerging contaminants. It highlights the significance of food microbiology, fermentation, and the latest technologies in improving human health. Additionally, the book delves into emerging trends in oligosaccharide production, biobased approaches for a sustainable future, and the importance of microbial biomolecules and secondary metabolites. It also explores the identification and production of industrially significant biocatalysts/enzymes, the valorization of agro-industrial waste using microorganisms for green energy generation, and the development of bioreactor systems for the biobased economy. The book covers advancements in solid-gaseous biofuels production, impact assessment of synthetic microfiber pollution, sustainable management strategies for waste management, and the impact of emerging technologies in medical microbiology. The book also discusses the development of healthcare products using nano-biotechnological advancements, the impact of novel remediation technology, and the utilization of microbial products in biomaterial development. It further explores microbial regulatory systems, gene expression studies, and the significance of mutations in microbial technology. This book serves as a great reference for researchers, environmentalists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, and graduate, post-graduate students, and doctoral students working on microbial biotechnology and industrial microbiology.

This book presents short papers of participants of the 9th International Scientific Conference-School for Young Scientists «Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Earth and Environment Processes. A special focus is given to the extraction of hydrocarbon resources, including from unconventional sources. An alternative to the use of hydrocarbons as a main source of energy on the Planet in the coming decades is unlikely to be found. At the same time, the resource base of hydrocarbons is quickly depleted, in particularly, large and accessible oil and gas fields. The shale oil and gas, Arctic hydrocarbon stocks, gas hydrates, coal bed methane, oil and gas from deep horizons can become new sources.'Deep oil'may be the most promising source of expanding the resource base of hydrocarbons according to many experts. New technologies are required to their development. Efficient low-cost technologies can be created on the basis of geomechanical approach, i.e., through the use of a huge elastic energy stored in the rock massif due to rock pressure. The creation of new breakthrough approaches to the development of hydrocarbon fields is very important in today's geopolitical conditions and requires the involvement of young minds and strength. International activities, including the youth scientific schools, can become an effective tool for exchange of information and the organizing of interdisciplinary research of processes in geo-environment. The book presents the new results of the experimental and theoretical modeling of deformation, fracture, and filtration processes in the rocks in connection to issues of creating scientific fundamentals for new hydrocarbon production technologies. The investigations of the dependence of well stability and permeability of rocks on the stress-strain state in conditions of deep horizons and high rock pressure are also represented.

The book covers a diverse range of topics based on computational studies, including modeling and simulations based on quantum chemical studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It contains quantum chemical studies on several molecules, including biologically relevant molecules and liquid crystals and various aspects of superatomic clusters including superalkalis and superhalogens. It gives an overview of MD simulations and their applications on biomolecular systems such as HIV-1 protease and integrase.Features: Includes first principle methods, density functional theory, as well as molecular dynamics simulations. Explores quantum chemical studies on several molecules. Gives readers an overview of the power of computation. Discusses superatomic clusters, superalkalis, and superhalogens. Covers themes from molecules, clusters, materials, as well as biophysical systems. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in materials science and computational and theoretical chemistry.

Injuries due to air turbulence has increased recently, therefore there is considerable concern and interest in understanding and detecting it more accurately. Presently hardly any research deals with air turbulence detection using remote sensing images. Most works use conventional optical remote sensing data with classical methods such as a library spectral signature, band ratio, and principal component analysis without designating new methods and technology. Very little research has attempted to implement optical and microwave remote sensing images for air turbulence detections.This book provides new image processing procedures for air turbulence detection using advanced remote sensing images and quantum image processing. Currently, there is a huge gap between research work in the field of air turbulence detection and advanced remote sensing technology. Most of the theories are not operated in terms of software modules. Most of the software packages in the field of remote sensing images cannot deal with advanced image processing techniques in air turbulence detections due to heavy mathematics work. In this view, this book fills a gap between advanced remote sensing technology and air turbulence detection. For instance, quantum image processing with a new generation of remote sensing technology such as RADARSAT-2 SAR images is also implemented to provide accurate air turbulence detections.