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This series takes account of the fact that empirical approaches based on qualitative or quantitative methods of corpus linguistics have become a central paradigm within linguistics. Usage-based approaches can be found on all linguistic levels, ranging from phonological and prosodic studies to those in the fields of morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics (the latter is especially prolific with, for example, discourse analysis, text linguistics or conversation analysis) as well as sociolinguistics and the analysis of media and computer-mediated communication. The series intends to offer a thematically open platform for different approaches within synchronous linguistics as well as for interdisciplinary works with a linguistic focus which devise new ways of working empirically and which intend to develop new data-based methods and theoretical models for empirical linguistic analyses.Both monographs and edited volumes with a synchronous empirical approach are published. The publication language is either German or English. All submissions are peer-reviewed. External Reviewers:Magnus P. Ängsal (Göteborg, Sweden),Michael Beißwenger (Duisburg-Essen, Germany),Pia Bergmann (Jena, Germany),Noah Bubenhofer (Dresden, Germany),Helen Christen (Fribourg, Switzerland),Waldemar Czachur (Warsaw, Poland),Ulla Fix (Leipzig, Germany),Karina Frick (Zurich, Switzerland),Stephan Habscheid (Siegen, Germany),Jörg Hagemann (Freiburg, Germany),Mathilde Hennig (Gießen, Germany),Katharina König (Münster, Germany),Alfred Lameli (Marburg, Germany),Jens Lanwer (Münster, Germany),Konstanze Marx (Mannheim, Germany),Marcus Müller (Darmstadt, Germany),Thomas Niehr (Aachen, Germany),Martin Pfeiffer (Freiburg, Germany),Hannes Scheutz (Innsbruck, Austria)Anja Stukenbrock (Lausanne, Switzerland),Georg Weidacher (Graz, Austria),Evelyn Ziegler (Duisburg-Essen, Germany),Alexander Ziem (Düsseldorf, Germany). Open Access:Thanks to a pilot project with the FID Linguistik, six upcoming volumes will be published in gold open acceess between 2019 and 2021. All volumes already published have been tranformed to open access publications.https://www.linguistik.de/

Die empirische Studie untersucht die gesellschaftliche Bedeutung von Dialekt und Dialektgebrauch in der Schweiz. Über interdisziplinäre Zugänge arbeitet sie heraus, wie (eng) laienlinguistische Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von Sprache mit dem Sprachgebrauch in Zusammenhang stehen. Sie zeigt, dass Dialekte über diskursive Prozesse konstruiert und im Sprachgebrauch reproduziert werden und damit, wie Dialekte von Sprechern gemacht werden.

This synchronic study presents a new onomasiological, frame-theoretical model for the description, classification and theoretical analysis of the cross-linguistic content category aspectuality. It deals specifically with those pieces of information, which, in their interplay, constitute the aspectual value of states of affairs. The focus is on Romance Languages, although the model can be applied just as well to other languages, in that it is underpinned by a principle grounded in a fundamental cognitive ability: the delimitation principle. Unlike traditional approaches, which generally have a semasiological orientation and strictly adhere to a semantic differentiation between grammatical aspect and lexical aspect (Aktionsart), this study makes no such differentiation and understands these as merely different formal realisations of one and the same content category: aspectuality.

Einführung in die grammatische Beschreibung des Deutschen ist eine Einführung in die Grammatik des gegenwärtigen Deutschen in den Bereichen Phonetik, Phonologie, Morphologie, Syntax und Graphematik. Das Buch ist für alle geeignet, die sich für die Grammatik des Deutschen interessieren, vor allem aber für Studierende der Germanistik bzw. Deutschen Philologie, insbesondere auch für Lehramtsstudierende. Im Vordergrund steht die Vermittlung grammatischer Erkenntnisprozesse und Argumentationsweisen auf Basis konkreten sprachlichen Materials. Es wird kein spezielles theoretisches Modell angenommen, aber alle, die das Buch gelesen haben, sollten in der Lage sein, sowohl deskriptiv ausgerichtete Forschungsartikel als auch theorienahe Einführungen lesen zu können. Das Buch enthält zahlreiche Übungsaufgaben, die im Anhang gelöst werden. Die dritte Auflage behebt Tipp- und Stilfehler und bietet einige neue Vertiefungsblöcke sowie eine komplette Überarbeitung der Grafiken und Diagramme. Ein Kapitel über Grammatik in Schule und Lehramtsstudium ergänzt das Buch. Der Preis des Buches beträgt in Deutschland 20 EUR für Softcover und 35 EUR für Hardcover. Errata: http://grammatick.de/?page_id=24

This monograph investigates the temporal interpretation of narrative discourse in two parts. The theme of the first part is narrative progression. It begins with a case study of the adverb ‘now'and its interaction with the meaning of tense. The case study motivates an ontological distinction between events, states and times and proposes that ‘now'seeks a prominent state that holds throughout the time described by the tense. Building on prior research, prominence is shown to be influenced by principles of discourse coherence and two coherence principles, NARRATION and RESULT, are given a formally explicit characterization. The key innovation is a new method for testing the definitional adequacy of NARRATION and RESULT, namely by an abductive argument. This contribution opens a new way of thinking about how eventive and stative descriptions contribute to the perceived narrative progression in a discourse. The theme of the second part of the monograph is the semantics and pragmatics of tense. A key innovation is that the present and past tenses are treated as scalar alternatives, a view that is motivated by adopting a particular hypothesis concerning stative predication. The proposed analysis accounts for tense in both matrix clauses and in complements of propositional attitudes, where the notorious double access reading arises. This reading is explored as part of a corpus study that provides a glimpse of how tense semantics interacts with Gricean principles and at-issueness. Several cross-linguistic predictions of the analysis are considered, including their consequences for the Sequence of Tense phenomenon and the Upper Limit Constraint. Finally, a hypothesis is provided about how tense meanings compose with temporal adverbs and verb phrases. Two influential analysis of viewpoint aspect are then compared in light of the hypothesis. The monograph is directed at graduate students and researchers in semantics, pragmatics and philosophy of language. The analysis of narrative discourse that is developed in the monograph synthesizes and builds on prior collaborative research with Corien Bary, Valentine Hacquard, Thomas Roberts, Roger Schwarzschild, Una Stojnić, Károly Varasdi and Aaron White. Daniel Altshuler is an Assistant Professor of Linguistics at the School of Cognitive Science, Hampshire College and an Adjunct Professor of Linguistics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Der Begriff des Wahrnehmens wird als ein Moment praktisch-sinnlicher Tätigkeit entwickelt. Damit wird angezeigt, dass die Erforschung des Wahrnehmens nicht ausschließlich und vorrangig Thema von Naturwissenschaften ist, sondern eine originäre philosophische Aufgabe darstellt. Wahrnehmen, verstanden als praktisch-sinnliche Tätigkeit, macht darauf aufmerksam, dass wir im Wahrnehmen weder passiv etwas erleiden noch dass das Wahrgenommene außerhalb und unabhängig von unseren Wahrnehmungen vorhanden wäre. Vielmehr meint Wahrnehmen von etwas als etwas Bestimmtem, dass im Vollzug einer gemeinsamen Praxis die dort getätigten Bestimmungen als miteinander geteilte Bestimmungen verstanden werden.

Den Kern einer dialektischen und materialistischen Philosophie, die einen Weltbegriff begründen will, bildet die Kategorie »Widerspiegelung«. Sie hat primär eine ontologische und daraus abgeleitet eine erkenntnistheoretische Bedeutung. Ausgehend von Leibniz und Hegel, von Marx und Lenin hat Hans Heinz Holz in zahlreichen Publikationen eine Theorie der Widerspiegelung ausgearbeitet, die von einem exakten Gebrauch der Spiegelmetapher ausgeht. Im vorliegenden Band wird der systematische Gehalt des Widerspiegelungsbegriffs zusammengefasst und durch einen philosophiegeschichtlichen Rückblick vertieft.

'Thoughts on grammaticalization'was first published in a working-paper version in 1982 and became very influential immediately, even though it was properly published only in 1995. Despite its modest title, the book can be read as an advanced introduction to grammaticalization, though its conception is very original. The present edition contains a number of corrections of the 1995 edition. After a short review of the history of research, the work introduces and delimits the concepts related to grammaticalization. It then provides extensive exemplification of grammaticalization phenomena in diverse languages, ordered by grammatical domains such as the verbal, pronominal and nominal sphere and clause level relations. The final chapter presents a theory of grammaticalization which is based on the autonomy of the linguistic sign with respect to the paradigmatic and syntagmatic axes. This is the basis of the structural parameters that constitute grammaticalization. They are operationalized to the point of rendering degrees of grammaticalization measurable.

Speakers use a variety of different linguistic resources in the construction of their identities, and they are able to do so because their mental representations of linguistic and social information are linked. While the exact nature of these representations remains unclear, there is growing evidence that they encode a great deal more phonetic detail than traditionally assumed and that the phonetic detail is linked with word-based information. This book investigates the ways in which a lemma's phonetic realisation depends on a combination of its grammatical function and the speaker's social group. This question is investigated within the context of the word like as it is produced and perceived by students at an all girls'high school in New Zealand. The results are used to inform an exemplar-based model of speech production and perception in which the quality and frequency of linguistic and non-linguistic variants contribute to a speaker's style.

This grammar provides a synchronic grammatical description of Mauwake, a Papuan Trans-New Guinea (TNG) language of about 2000 speakers on the north coast of the Madang Province in Papua New Guinea. It is the first book-length treatment of the Mauwake language and the only published grammar of the Kumil subgroup to date. Relying on other existing published and unpublished grammars, the author shows how the language is similar to, or different from, related TNG languages especially in the Madang province. The grammar gives a brief introduction to the Mauwake people, their environment and their culture. Although the book mainly covers morphology and syntax, it also includes ashort treatment of the phonological system and the orthography. The description of the grammatical units proceeds from the words/morphology to the phrases, clauses, sentence types and clause combinations. The chapter on functional domains is the only one where the organization is based on meaning/function rather than structure. The longest chapter in the book is on morphology, with verbs taking the central stage. The final chapter deals with the pragmatic functions theme, topic and focus. 13 texts by native speakers, mostly recorded and transcribed but some originally written, are included in the Appendix with morpheme-by-morpheme glosses and a free translation. The theoretical approach used is that of Basic Linguistic Theory. Language typologists and professional Papuanist linguists are naturally one target audience for the grammar. But also two other possible, and important, audiences influenced especially the style the writing: well educated Mauwake speakers interested in their language, and those other Papua New Guineans who have some basic training in linguistics and are keen to explore their own languages.

This grammar provides the first comprehensive grammatical description of Yakkha, a Sino-Tibetan language of the Kiranti branch. Yakkha is spoken by about 14,000 speakers in eastern Nepal, in the Sankhuwa Sabha and Dhankuta districts. The grammar is based on original fieldwork in the Yakkha community. Its primary source of data is a corpus of 13,000 clauses from narratives and naturally-occurring social interaction which the author recorded and transcribed between 2009 and 2012. Corpus analyses were complemented by targeted elicitation. The grammar is written in a functional-typological framework. It focusses on morphosyntactic and semantic issues, as these present highly complex and comparatively under-researched fields in Kiranti languages. The sequence of the chapters follows the well-established order of phonological, morphological, syntactic and discourse-structural descriptions. These are supplemented by a historical and sociolinguistic introduction as well as an analysis of the complex kinship terminology. Topics such as verbal person marking, argument structure, transitivity, complex predication, grammatical relations, clause linkage, nominalization, and the topography-based orientation system have received in-depth treatment. Wherever possible, the structures found were explained in a historical-comparative perspective in order to shed more light on how their particular properties have emerged.

This book presents a major leap forward in the understanding of colour by showing how richer descriptions of colour samples can be operationalized in agent-based models. Four different language strategies are explored: the basic colour strategy, the graded membership strategy, the category combination strategy and the basic modification strategy. These strategies are firmly rooted in empirical observations in natural languages, with a focus on compositionality at both the syntactic and semantic level. Through a series of in-depth experiments, this book discerns the impact of the environment, language and embodiment on the formation of basic colour systems. Finally, the experiments demonstrate how language users can invent their own language strategies of increasing complexity by combining primitive cognitive operators, and how these strategies can be aligned between language users through linguistic interactions.

This book looks at some phenomena within the grammar of the noun phrase in a group of traditional North Germanic varieties mainly spoken in Sweden and Finland, usually seen as Swedish dialects, although the differences between them and Standard Swedish are often larger than between the latter and the other standard Mainland Scandinavian languages. In addition to being conservative in many respects – e.g. in preserving nominal cases and subject-verb agreement – these varieties also display many innovative features. These include extended uses of definite articles, incorporation of attributive adjectives, and a variety of possessive constructions. Although considerable attention has been given to these phenomena in earlier literature, this book is the first to put them in the perspective of typology and grammaticalization processes. It also looks for a plausible account of the historical origin of the changes involved, arguing that many of them spread from central Sweden, where they were later reverted due to the influence from prestige varieties coming from southern Scandinavia.

The Talking Heads Experiment, conducted in the years 1999-2001, was the first large-scale experiment in which open populations of situated embodied agents created for the first time ever a new shared vocabulary by playing language games about real world scenes in front of them. The agents could teleport to different physical sites in the world through the Internet. Sites, in Antwerp, Brussels, Paris, Tokyo, London, Cambridge and several other locations were linked into the network. Humans could interact with the robotic agents either on site or remotely through the Internet and thus influence the evolving ontologies and languages of the artificial agents. The present book describes in detail the motivation, the cognitive mechanisms used by the agents, the various installations of the Talking Heads, the experimental results that were obtained, and the interaction with humans. It also provides a perspective on what happened in the field after these initial groundbreaking experiments. The book is invaluable reading for anyone interested in the history of agent-based models of language evolution and the future of Artificial Intelligence.

To celebrate the 270th anniversary of the De Gruyter publishing house, the company is providing permanent open access to 270 selected treasures from the De Gruyter Book Archive. Titles will be made available to anyone, anywhere at any time that might be interested. The DGBA project seeks to digitize the entire backlist of titles published since 1749 to ensure that future generations have digital access to the high-quality primary sources that De Gruyter has published over the centuries.