Search

The Plague Cemetery of Alghero (Sardinia, Italy, 1582-1583) presents a bioarchaeological analysis of the individuals exhumed from the cemetery of Alghero, which is associated with the plague outbreak that ravaged the city in 1582-1583. This cemetery revealed a particular burial typology, consisting of long and narrow trenches, each containing multiple inhumations, which attests to a catastrophic event, such as an epidemic with high mortality in a short period of time. Given the rarity of human remains from epidemic contexts buried in trenches, the skeletal sample from Alghero represents valuable material. In fact, no other Italian plague cemeteries have been examined through a detailed bioarchaeological analysis, and the study thus serves as a model for future research. The author examines a series of parameters, starting from the demographic profile of the sample –181 individuals from 15 trenches – and taphonomic analysis, and then analysing stature, dental pathologies, stress indicators, degenerative joint disease, entheseal changes and other pathologies. The study is intended to illuminate a cross section of 16th century Sardinian society in a coastal city through a holistic view, which interweaves the documentary evidence for plague, funerary responses and the health status of the population. The main objective is therefore to shed light on a population which lived during a period of plague, revealing lifestyles, activity patterns and illnesses and providing a significant contribution to the bioarchaeology, palaeopathology, and archaeology of the Italian territory.

Specifically designed for readability and utilizing a concise format, Developmental Psychopathology: An Introduction offers an authoritative, approachable overview of mental developmental disorders and problems faced by children and adolescents. Noted researcher and author Dr. Fred R. Volkmar leads a team of experts from the Child Study Center at Yale University School of Medicine in presenting essential, introductory information ideal for fellows and physicians in child and adolescent psychiatry, as well as psychiatry residents and other health care professionals working in this complex field.

This book provides useful information on microbial physiology and metabolism. The key aspects covered are prokaryotic diversity, growth physiology, basic metabolic pathways and their regulation, metabolic diversity with details of various unique pathways. Another focus area is stress physiology with details on varying environmental stresses, signal transduction, adaptation and survival. For instructional purposes, the book provides case studies, interesting facts, techniques etc. which help in showcasing the inter-disciplinary nature and bridge the gap between various aspects of applied microbiology.

Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains, Third Edition, provides an integrated and comprehensive treatment of the pathological conditions that affect the human skeleton. As ancient skeletal remains can reveal a treasure trove of information to the modern orthopedist, pathologist, forensic anthropologist, and radiologist, this book presents a timely resource. Beautifully illustrated with over 1,100 photographs and drawings, it provides an essential text and material on bone pathology, thus helping improve the diagnostic ability of those interested in human dry bone pathology. - Presents a comprehensive review of the skeletal diseases encountered in archaeological human remains - Includes more than 1100 photographs and line drawings illustrating skeletal diseases, including both microscopic and gross features - Based on extensive research on skeletal paleopathology in many countries - Reviews important theoretical issues on how to interpret evidence of skeletal disease in archaeological human populations

Uma súmula e apreciação crítica de um evento que abrigou 490 psicanalistas de vários países, realizado no Colégio Santa Cruz, na cidade de São Paulo, sob o patrocínio da Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanálise de São Paulo (SBPSP) e da International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA). Esse foi o primeiro encontro internacional sobre a obra de Wiled R. Bion no Brasil, chamado de Bion 2004 São Paulo. Foi organizado de modo único, visando a participação e a representatividade, isento de convidados, mas composto, nas várias sessões de trabalhos individuais e grupais, por psicanalistas eleitos pelos próprios participantes do encontro. Dentro do clima de liberdade e participação que imperou durante o evento, alguns dos apresentadores inseriram-se no elenco daqueles que precisavam ou desejavam ver sua contribuição compartilhada de modo escrito – cujo resultado é este livro.

Foodborne illnesses continue to be a major public health concern. All members of a particular bacterial genera (e.g., Salmonella, Campylobacter) or species (e.g., Listeria monocytogenes, Cronobacter sakazakii) are often treated by public health and regulatory agencies as being equally pathogenic; however, this is not necessarily true and is an overly conservative approach to ensuring the safety of foods. Even within species, virulence factors vary to the point that some isolates may be highly virulent, whereas others may rarely, if ever, cause disease in humans. Hence, many food safety scientists have concluded that a more appropriate characterization of bacterial isolates for public health purposes could be by virotyping, i.e., typing food-associated bacteria on the basis of their virulence factors. The book is divided into two sections. Section I, “Foodborne Pathogens and Virulence Factors,” hones in on specific virulence factors of foodborne pathogens and the role they play in regulatory requirements, recalls, and foodborne illness. The oft-held paradigm that all pathogenic strains are equally virulent is untrue. Thus, we will examine variability in virulence between strains such as Listeria, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Cronobacter, etc. This section also examines known factors capable of inducing greater virulence in foodborne pathogens. Section II, “Foodborne Pathogens, Host Susceptibility, and Infectious Dose”, covers the ability of a pathogen to invade a human host based on numerous extraneous factors relative to the host and the environment. Some of these factors include host age, immune status, genetic makeup, infectious dose, food composition and probiotics. Readers of this book will come away with a better understanding of foodborne bacterial pathogen virulence factors and pathogenicity, and host factors that predict the severity of disease in humans.

Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA's, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable “cross-talk” between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells.Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.

Most contemporary psychoanalysts and psychotherapists see each patient once or twice a week at most. As many patients have reached a marked state of distress before seeking treatment, this gives the analyst a difficult task to accomplish in what is a limited amount of time. A Casebook of Psychotherapy Practice with Challenging Patients: A modern Kleinian approach sets out a model for working with quite significantly disturbed, distressed, or resistant patients in a very limited time, which Robert Waska has termed'Modern Kleinian Therapy.'Each chapter provides a vivid look into the moment-to-moment workings of a contemporary Kleinian focus on understanding projective identification, enactment, and acting out as well as the careful and thoughtful interpretive work necessary in these complex clinical situations. Individual psychotherapeutic work is represented throughout the book alongside instructive reports of psychoanalytic work with disturbed couples, and the more challenging patient is illustrated with several comprehensive reviews of films that follow such hard-to-reach individuals.A Casebook of Psychotherapy Practice with Challenging Patients: A modern Kleinian approach is filled with a combination of contemporary theory building, a wealth of clinical vignettes, and practical advice. It is a hands-on guide for psychoanalysts and therapists who need to get to grips with complex psychoanalytic concepts in a short time and shows the therapeutic power the Modern Kleinian Therapy approach can have and how it can enable them to work most effectively with difficult patients. Robert Waska LPCC, MFT, PhD is an analytic member at the San Francisco Center for Psychoanalysis and conducts a full-time private psychoanalytic practice for individuals and couples in San Francisco and Marin County, California. He is the author of thirteen published textbooks on Kleinian psychoanalytic theory and technique, is a contributing author for three psychology texts, and has published over a hundred articles in professional journals.

Laser 93

This book contains an extensive collection of critical reviews, from leading researchers in the field of regulated protein degradation. It covers the role of regulated proteolysis in a range of microorganisms (from Gram positive, Gram negative and pathogenic bacteria to Archaea and the Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

Studies of receptors, ion channels, and other membrane proteins require a solid understanding of the structural principles of these important biomolecules. Membrane protein structure is, however, a very challenging field. The structures of only three types of transmembrane proteins have been determined to moderate or high resolution during the last two decades, a period during which the amino acid sequences of hundreds, if not thousands, of membrane proteins have been reported. As a result, the creation of structural models to serve as guides for studies of receptors, channels, and other membrane proteins has become crucially important. This book has been assembled in order to share the experiences and findings of expert researchers in protein structure and structure-prediction methods as well as membrane biophysics and lipid physical chemistry, whose work establishes the basis for the development of suitable model structures. The reviews presented here emphasize fundamental ideas and provide an entry to the diverse and complex literature. The four major sections deal with the general nature of the membrane protein structure problem, biochemical and molecular biological approaches to protein topology, direct structural methods, and model and physicochemical approaches. The work will be of interest to physiologists, cellular and molecular biologists, biophysicists, and biochemists working on the function of membrane proteins such as receptors, ion channels, and transporters, as well as senior graduate students and independent investigators.

A comprehensive compendium of scholarly contributions relating to bacterial virulence gene regulation.

Regulatory networks enable bacteria to adapt to almost every environmental niche on earth. Regulation is achieved by a network of interactions among diverse types of molecules including DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites. The primary role of regulatory networks in bacteria is to control the response to environmental changes, such as nutritional status and environmental stress. A complex organization of networks allows the organism to coordinate and integrate multiple environmental signals. Renowned authors under the expert guidance of the editor Alain A.M. Filloux, have contributed authoritative, up-to-date reviews of the current research and theories on regulatory networks in bacteria. The volume contains critical reviews written by the leading research scientists in this topical field. The authors fully explore various regulatory networks, discuss variations of common themes and provide fresh insights into bacterial regulatory mechanisms. Topics include: the sigma network in Escherichia coli, control of bacterial virulence, ECF sigma factors, quorum sensing, cyclic di-GMP, RNA-mediated regulation, the H-NS regulator, two-component regulatory systems, bacterial chemotaxis, regulation of iron homeostasis, anaerobic regulatory networks, bacterial bistable regulatory networks, and evolution of transcription factors and regulatory networks. This book is essential reading for everyone interested in gene expression and regulation in bacteria and is a recommended text for all microbiology libraries.

The election of Michelle Bachelet, the first female president of Chile, brought to the public sphere topics such as gender, inequality, and the legacy of seventeen years of military rule. Former dictator Augusto Pinochet instructed Chileans to “for-get” and move on, but this is complicated because individual and collective identities are anchored in memory and articulated through discourse. What happens to a nation and its people when the obliged referent of their recent history is one that hardly anyone wants to address? This book reveals the incongruity between what current media say about Chilean identity and what most people experience, showing the tensions that prevail within a society that is also quickly changing due to globalization. The author engages with the old dichotomy between agency and structure, proposing a new model for understanding identity from an intercultural perspective.

Knowledge of the responses of microorganisms to environmental stresses has led to tremendous advances in the their morphological, physiological and genetic regulation, following the introduction of novel research techniques and the efforts of food microbiologists, microbial ecologists, molecular biologists and researchers in other fields. This book is primarily targeted at food microbiologists, microbial ecologists and other professionals in academia, industry and governmental agencies. In addition, this book is a useful reference in improving the processing of food and detecting microorganisms therein.

ASHP position statements and more than 70 guidance documents of varying scope provide ongoing advice to managers and practitioners to help improve the medication-use process, patient care and safety, and patient outcomes and quality of life. New material in this edition includes a revised minimum standard for pharmacies in hospitals; statements on the pharmacist's role in medication reconciliation, the role of the medication safety leader, and pharmacy professionals use of social media; and therapeutic recommendations regarding institutional use of 0.9% sodium chloride injection to maintain the patency of peripheral indwelling intermittent infusion devices and the role of pharmacotherapy in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients.

Gain new insight on utilizing bacterial stress responses to better combat bacterial infection with antibiotics and improve biotechnology.

This book deals with the latest achievements in the field of optical coherent microscopy. While many other books exist on microscopy and imaging, this book provides a unique resource dedicated solely to this subject. Similarly, many books describe applications of holography, interferometry and speckle to metrology but do not focus on their use for microscopy. The coherent light microscopy reference provided here does not focus on the experimental mechanics of such techniques but instead is meant to provide a users manual to illustrate the strengths and capabilities of developing techniques. The areas of application of this technique are in biomedicine, medicine, life sciences, nanotechnology and materials sciences.

Multicellular organisms must be able to adapt to cellular events to accommodate prevailing conditions. Sensory-response circuits operate by making use of a phosphorylation control mechanism known as the'two-component system.'This volume, the third in a three-volume treatment edited by the same group of editors, includes a wide range of methods, including those dealing with the Sln-1 kinase pathway, triazole sensitivity in C. albicans, and histidine kinases in cyanobacteria circadian clock. - Includes time-tested core methods and new innovations applicable to any researcher studing two-component signaling systems or histidine kinases - Methods included are useful to both established researchers and newcomers to the field - Relevant background and reference information given for procedures can be used as a guide to developing protocols in a number of disciplines

This volume in the series is based on ICAAC and IDSA Symposia on Emerging Infections. It offers an updated review of new and emerging pathogens and infectious diseases. The Emerging Infections series is a valuable resource for a wide range of people working in microbiology, infectious diseases, epidemiology, public health, and clinical medicine.

Details progress in the fast-changing world of bacterial genomics. Serves as a resource for any bacteriology research and as a key text for students of bacterial genomics and the molecular basis of bacterial infection.

Salmonella enterica encompasses a diverse range of bacteria that cause a spectrum of diseases in many hosts. Advancements in prevention and treatment of S. enterica infections have at times been hampered by compartmentalization of research efforts and lack of multidisciplinary approaches. This book attempts to cover a diverse range of topics related to the biology of S. enterica infections, including epidemiological and clinical aspects, molecular pathogenesis, immunity to disease and vaccines. S. enterica infections are important zoonoses and therefore material on infections of animals and public health issues have also been considered. Each chapter can be read independently, but the full contents of the book will provide the reader with up-to-date knowledge on all the key aspects of salmonellosis in humans and animals. It will therefore be of interest to graduate students and researchers, as well as to clinicians, whose research focuses on this important pathogen.

Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens are a leading cause of human illness and death worldwide. The study of bacterial pathogenesis has changed dramatically over the last decade, as a result of revolutionary changes in biotechnology and our understanding of molecular and cellular biological systems. This volume is structured to emphasize paradigms of infectious disease that have emerged over the last 10 years and provides a fundamental understanding of the complex cellular and molecular processes that are important for bacterial virulence and the infectious disease process. The book highlights key techniques and methodologies that have driven recent discoveries in bacterial pathogenesis, major structures and mechanisms in bacteria that are important for their pathogenesis, the regulation of these virulence determinants by global regulators, and bacterial biowarfare agents.

Unlike any other source on the subject, Antiviral Agents, Vaccines, and Immunotherapies analyzes the benefits and limitations of every available drug, vaccine, and immunotherapy utilized in the prevention and control of viral diseases. This reference provides in-depth reviews of more than 50 drugs and antiviral agents for HIV, human herpesviruses,

Living cells are constantly sensing environmental changes, and their abilities to sense these changes and adapt to them are essential for their survival. In bacteria, histidine kinases are the major sensors for these environmental stresses, enabling cells to adapt to new growth conditions. Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive review on the structure and function of histidine kinases. It also provides extensive information on the physiological roles of histidine kinases in bacteria and eukaryotes. An an essential reference for cell biologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, and biochemists interested in signal transduction. Experimental biologists and pharmacologists studying signal transduction systems in living organisms will also find it a valuable research tool. - The first comprehensive book on the roles of histidine kinases in cells - 23 in-depth chapters written by leading experts in the field - Describes the most recent advances in the field of signal transduction

All cellular life-forms can exist in replicating and non-replicating states. Organisms replicate only when the conditions are beneficial, and when not replicating they concentrate on survival of these environmental stresses. Many bacteria, harmful to humans, survive the period of infection in a low growth state. This 2003 book addresses the basic science of microbial dormancy and low growth states, putting this in the context of human medicine. Such fundamental topics as bacterial growth and non-growth, culturability and viability are covered, as well as survival of the host's immune response, and inter-bacterial signalling. Following this introduction, more medically focused topics are discussed, namely antibiotic resistance arising during stationary phase, biofilms, the bacteria which cause gastric ulcers and tuberculosis as the classic persistent bacterial infection. This book will interest graduate students and researchers in medical microbiology, immunology and infectious disease medicine who are interested in bacterial dormancy in relation to disease.

Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis presents a molecular perspective on a select group of bacterial pathogens by having the leaders of the field present their perspective in a clear and authoritative manner. Each chapter contains a comprehensive review devoted to a single pathogen. Several chapters include work from authors outside the pathogenesis field, providing general perspectives on the evolution, regulation, and secretion of virulence and determinants. - Explains the basic principles of bacterial pathogenesis - Covers diverse aspects integrating regulation, cellular microbiology and evolution of microbial disease of humans - Discusses current strategies for the identification of virulence determinants and the methods used by microbes to deliver virulence factors - Presents authoritative treatises of the major disease microorganisms

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.

This new volume presents overviews of the very latest genetic approaches in a diverse range of prokaryotes. Divided into three sections, the topics include essential techniques for genetic analysis, case studies in which genetic methods in carefully chosen genera are described and approaches are used in the elucidation of specific phenomena. - Up-to-date chapters on essential techniques for genetic analysis in diverse bacteria - The use of plasmids, phages and transposons and their applications to new organisms - Genetic methods in medically and industrially important bacteria such as Mycobacteria, Neisseria, Bacteroides, Clostridia, and spirochaetes - Analysis of virulence in Helicobacter and Erwina - Genetic methods in Archae - Photosynthesis and respiration in Paracoccus and Rhodobacter - Bacillus subtilis sporulation

Prokaryotic gene expression is not only of theoretical interest but also of highly practical significance. It has implications for other biological problems, such as developmental biology and cancer, brings insights into genetic engineering and expression systems, and has consequences for important aspects of applied research. For example, the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenicity has implications for new antibiotics and in crop development. Prokaryotic Gene Expression is a major review of the subject, providing up-to-date coverage as well as numerous insights by the prestigious authors. Topics covered include operons; protein recognition of sequence specific DNA- and RNA-binding sites; promoters; sigma factors, and variant tRNA polymerases; repressors and activators; post-transcriptional control and attenuation; ribonuclease activity, mRNA stability, and translational repression; prokaryotic DNA topology, topoisomerases, and gene expression; regulatory networks, regulatory cascades and signal transduction; phosphotransfer reactions; switch systems, transcriptional and translational modulation, methylation, and recombination mechanisms; pathogenicity, toxin regulation and virulence determinants; sporulation and genetic regulation of antibiotic production; origins of regulatory molecules, selective pressures and evolution of prokaryotic regulatory mechanisms systems. Over 1100 references to the primary literature are cited. Prokaryotic Gene Expression is a comprehensive and authoritative review of current knowledge and research in the area. It is essential reading for postgraduates and researchers in the field. Advanced undergraduates in biochemistry, molecular biology, and microbiology will also find this book useful.

Includes information on places of origin, marriages, children, and deaths. Examines the roles that women played in business, the causes of mortality, the antebellum Jewish family, the common aspects of life, and relations between Jews and African-Americans.

An explosion of information has occurred over the past few years in the field of signal transduction. As information form prokaryotes and eukaryotes has accumulated, it has become evident that diverse sensory systems share common mechanistic themes. This volume reviews our the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms for sensory transduction in a variety of microbial systems, as well as elegant work done in nematodes and Drosophila. Signal Transduction is intended for both researchers studying microbial systems and investigators and students of signal transduction in more complex organisms, who can learn from the paradigms and mechanisms conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

This course manual instructs students in recombinant DNA techniques and other essential molecular biology techniques in the context of projects. The project approach inspires and captivates students; it involves them in the scientific experience, providing continuity to laboratory bench time and an understanding of the principles underlying the techniques presented. Molecular Biology is a must for any department, operating under budgetary constraints that offers or plans to offer a course in molecular cloning.Key Features• Includes a glossary of over 200 terms important for understanding molecular biology• Uses an inexpensive source of eukaryotic cells - great for schools on a budget• Includes Methods Locator that provides instant access to the latest methods• Contain clearly written, easy-to-follow, student-tested instructions:• Sterile techniques• Phage titration• Gel electrophoresis of DNA• Restriction enzyme digestion• Plasmid isolation• Transformation of E. Coli• Recombinant DNA cloning• Nick translation labeling • Nonradioactive primer labelling• Nonradioactive DNA detection• Southern blotting• Colony hybridization• Purification of plant DNA• RNA purification• Northern blotting• Purification of poly A+ RNA• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)