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Deep Learning through Sparse Representation and Low-Rank Modeling bridges classical sparse and low rank models—those that emphasize problem-specific Interpretability—with recent deep network models that have enabled a larger learning capacity and better utilization of Big Data. It shows how the toolkit of deep learning is closely tied with the sparse/low rank methods and algorithms, providing a rich variety of theoretical and analytic tools to guide the design and interpretation of deep learning models. The development of the theory and models is supported by a wide variety of applications in computer vision, machine learning, signal processing, and data mining. This book will be highly useful for researchers, graduate students and practitioners working in the fields of computer vision, machine learning, signal processing, optimization and statistics. - Combines classical sparse and low-rank models and algorithms with the latest advances in deep learning networks - Shows how the structure and algorithms of sparse and low-rank methods improves the performance and interpretability of Deep Learning models - Provides tactics on how to build and apply customized deep learning models for various applications

This special compendium provides a concise and unified vision of facial image processing. It addresses a collection of state-of-the-art techniques, covering the most important areas for facial biometrics and behavior analysis. These techniques also converge to serve an emerging practical application of interactive distance learning.Readers will get a broad picture of the fundamental science of the field and technical details that make the research interesting. Moreover, the intellectual investigation motivated by the demand of real-life application will make this volume an inspiring read for current and prospective researchers and engineers in the fields of computer vision, machine learning and image processing.

This book provides a broader introduction to the theories and applications of sparse coding techniques in computer vision research. It introduces sparse coding in the context of representation learning, illustrates the fundamental concepts, and summarizes the most active research directions. A variety of applications of sparse coding are discussed, ranging from low-level image processing tasks such as super-resolution and de-blurring to high-level semantic understanding tasks such as image recognition, clustering and fusion.The book is suitable to be used as an introductory overview to this field, with its theoretical part being both easy and precious enough for quick understanding. It is also of great value to experienced researchers as it offers new perspective to the underlying mechanism of sparse coding, and points out potential future directions for different applications.

Motion and Structure from Image Sequences is invaluable reading for researchers, graduate students, and practicing engineers dealing with computer vision. It presents a balanced treatment of the theoretical and practical issues, including very recent results - some of which are published here for the first time. The topics covered in detail are: - image matching and optical flow computation - structure from stereo - structure from motion - motion estimation - integration of multiple views - motion modeling and prediction Aspects such as uniqueness of the solution, degeneracy conditions, error analysis, stability, optimality, and robustness are also investigated. These details together with the fact that the algorithms are accessible without necessarily studying the rest of the material, make this book particularly attractive to practitioners.

This book was conceived during the Workshop'Calibration and Orientation of Cameras in Computer Vision'at the XVIIth Congress of the ISPRS (In­ ternational Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing), in July 1992 in Washington, D. C. The goal of this workshop was to bring photogrammetry and computer vision experts together in order to exchange ideas, concepts and approaches in camera calibration and orientation. These topics have been addressed in photogrammetry research for a long time, starting in the sec­ ond half of the 19th century. Over the years standard procedures have been developed and implemented, in particular for metric cameras, such that in the photogrammetric community such issues were considered as solved prob­ lems. With the increased use of non-metric cameras (in photogrammetry they are revealingly called'amateur'cameras), especially CCD cameras, and the exciting possibilities of acquiring long image sequences quite effortlessly and processing image data automatically, online and even in real-time, the need to take a new and fresh look at various calibration and orientation issues became obvious. Here most activities emerged through the computer vision commu­ nity, which was somewhat unaware as to what had already been achieved in photogrammetry. On the other hand, photogrammetrists seemed to ignore the new and interesting studies, in particular on the problems of orienta­ tion, that were being performed by computer vision experts.

Exploration of Visual Data presents latest research efforts in the area of content-based exploration of image and video data. The main objective is to bridge the semantic gap between high-level concepts in the human mind and low-level features extractable by the machines. The two key issues emphasized are'content-awareness'and'user-in-the-loop'. The authors provide a comprehensive review on algorithms for visual feature extraction based on color, texture, shape, and structure, and techniques for incorporating such information to aid browsing, exploration, search, and streaming of image and video data. They also discuss issues related to the mixed use of textual and low-level visual features to facilitate more effective access of multimedia data. Exploration of Visual Data provides state-of-the-art materials on the topics of content-based description of visual data, content-based low-bitrate video streaming, and latest asymmetric and nonlinear relevance feedback algorithms, which to date are unpublished.

The NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Face Recognition: From Theory to Applications took place in Stirling, Scotland, UK, from June 23 through July 4, 1997. The meeting brought together 95 participants (including 18 invited lecturers) from 22 countries. The lecturers are leading researchers from academia, govemment, and industry from allover the world. The lecturers presented an encompassing view of face recognition, and identified trends for future developments and the means for implementing robust face recognition systems. The scientific programme consisted of invited lectures, three panels, and (oral and poster) presentations from students attending the AS!. As a result of lively interactions between the participants, the following topics emerged as major themes of the meeting: (i) human processing of face recognition and its relevance to forensic systems, (ii) face coding, (iii) connectionist methods and support vector machines (SVM), (iv) hybrid methods for face recognition, and (v) predictive learning and performance evaluation. The goals of the panels were to provide links among the lectures and to emphasis the themes of the meeting. The topics of the panels were: (i) How the human visual system processes faces, (ii) Issues in applying face recognition: data bases, evaluation and systems, and (iii) Classification issues involved in face recognition. The presentations made by students gave them an opportunity to receive feedback from the invited lecturers and suggestions for future work.

This volume in the Lecture Notes of Artificial Intelligence represents the first book on human computing. We introduced the notion of human computing in 2006 and organized two events that were meant to explain this notion and the research conducted worldwide in the context of this notion. The first of these events was a Special Session on Human Computing that took place during the Eighth International ACM Conference on Multimodal Interfaces (ICMI 2006), held in Banff, Canada, on November 3, 2006. The theme of the conference was multimodal collaboration and our Special Session on Human Computing was a natural extension of the discussion on this theme. We are grateful to the organizers of ICMI 2006 for supporting our efforts to organize this Special Session during the conference. The second event in question was a Workshop on AI for Human Computing organized in conjunction with the 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2007), held in Hyderabad (India), on January 6, 2007. The main theme of IJCAI 2007 was AI and its benefits to society. Our workshop presented a vision of the future of computing technology in which AI, in particular machine learning and agent technology, plays an essential role. We want to thank the organizers of IJCAI 2007 for their support in the organization of the Workshop on AI for Human Computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Workshop on Human Computer Interaction, HCI 2007. Coverage in the 16 revised full papers presented includes affective detection and recognition, human motion tracking, multimedia data modeling and visualization, HCI issues in image/video retrieval, learning in HCI, input and interaction techniques, perceptual user interfaces, wearable and pervasive technologies in HCI and intelligent virtual environments.

Welcome to the International Workshop on Multimedia Content Analysis and Mining, MCAM 2007. Our workshop gives a snapshot of the current wor- wide research in multimedia analysis. Through recent advances in computing, networking, and data storage, multimedia will create new interesting technical possibilities in a wide range of?elds, such as entertainment, commerce, science, medicine, and public safety. To bene?t from this potential, developers need - liable techniques for the analysis, search, and management of multimedia data, as well as distributed system architectures in which these techniques can be embedded to e?ectively help the users. Recently, there have been many workshops and meetings dedicated to M- timedia, but most of them followed the standard pattern consisting mainly of oral and poster presentations. We all feel that there is a need for a meeting that really is a workshop, i.e., one that provides a lot of opportunities for discussions and dissemination. Consequently, the format of the workshop consists of 4 p- els on hot topics in multimedia followedby discussions and poster presentations. The topics of the panels are: Multimedia Analysis and Applications, Multi- dia Search and Mining, P2P Streaming, and Security. This volume contains a number of invited contributions from experts in the area as well as the selected regular contributions. This year 139 submissions from 13 countries were submitted and 46 were accepted for presentation at the conference after being reviewed by the Program Committee members.

The interests and goals of HCI (human–computer interaction) include understanding, designing, building, and evaluating complex interactive systems - involving many people and technologies. Developments in software and hardware technologies are continuously driving applications in supporting our collaborative and communicative needs as social beings, both at work and at play. At the same time, similar developments are pushing the human–computer interface beyond the desktop and into our pockets, streets, and buildings. Developments in mobile, wearable, and pervasive communications and computing technologies provide exciting challenges and opportunities for HCI. This volume presents the proceedings of the HCI 2006 Workshop, held in conjunction with ECCV 2006 (European Conference on Computer Vision) in Graz, Austria. The goal of this workshop was to bring together researchers from the field of computer vision whose work is related to human–computer interaction.The 11 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. They address a wide range of theoretical and application issues in human–computer interaction. There were four thematic sessions named: face analysis; gesture and emotion recognition; event detection; and applications.

Large volumes of video content can only be easily accessed by the use of rapid browsing and retrieval techniques. Constructing a video table of contents (ToC) and video highlights to enable end users to sift through all this data and find what they want, when they want are essential. This reference puts forth a unified framework to integrate these functions supporting efficient browsing and retrieval of video content. The authors have developed a cohesive way to create a video table of contents, video highlights, and video indices that serve to streamline the use of applications in consumer and surveillance video applications. The authors discuss the generation of table of contents, extraction of highlights, different techniques for audio and video marker recognition, and indexing with low-level features such as color, texture, and shape. Current applications including this summarization and browsing technology are also reviewed. Applications such as event detection in elevator surveillance, highlight extraction from sports video, and image and video database management are considered within the proposed framework. This book presents the latest in research and readers will find their search for knowledge completely satisfied by the breadth of the information covered in this volume.• Offers the latest in cutting edge research and applications in surveillance and consumer video• Presentation of a novel unified framework aimed at successfully sifting through the abundance of footage gathered daily at shopping malls, airports, and other commercial facilities• Concisely written by leading contributors in the signal processing industry with step-by-step instruction in building video ToC and indices

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) lies at the crossroads of many scienti?c areas including arti?cial intelligence, computer vision, face recognition, motion tracking, etc. In order for HCI systems to interact seamlessly with people, they need to understand their environment through vision and auditory input. Mo- over, HCI systems should learn how to adaptively respond depending on the situation. The goal of this workshop was to bring together researchers from the?eld of computer vision whose work is related to human-computer interaction. The selected articles for this workshop address a wide range of theoretical and - plication issues in human-computer interaction ranging from human-robot - teraction, gesture recognition, and body tracking, to facial features analysis and human-computer interaction systems. This year 74 papers from 18 countries were submitted and 22 were accepted for presentation at the workshop after being reviewed by at least 3 members of the Program Committee. We had therefore a very competitive acceptance rate of less than 30% and as a consequence we had a very-high-quality workshop. Wewouldliketo thankallmembersofthe ProgramCommitteefor their help in ensuring the quality of the papers accepted for publication. We are grateful to Dr. Jian Wang for giving the keynote address. In addition, we wish to thank the organizers of the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and our sponsors, University of Amsterdam, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, for support in setting up our workshop.

200Ts Vision of Vision One of my formative childhood experiences was in 1968 stepping into the Uptown Theater on Connecticut Avenue in Washington, DC, one of the few movie theaters nationwide that projected in large-screen cinerama. I was there at the urging of a friend, who said I simply must see the remarkable film whose run had started the previous week.'You won't understand it,'he said,'but that doesn't matter.'All I knew was that the film was about science fiction and had great special eflPects. So I sat in the front row of the balcony, munched my popcorn, sat back, and experienced what was widely touted as'the ultimate trip:'2001: A Space Odyssey. My friend was right: I didn't understand it... but in some senses that didn't matter. (Even today, after seeing the film 40 times, I continue to discover its many subtle secrets.) I just had the sense that I had experienced a creation of the highest aesthetic order: unique, fresh, awe inspiring. Here was a film so distinctive that the first half hour had no words whatsoever; the last half hour had no words either; and nearly all the words in between were banal and irrelevant to the plot - quips about security through Voiceprint identification, how to make a phonecall from a space station, government pension plans, and so on.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI 2004, held at ECCV 2004 in Prague, Czech Republic in May 2004. The 19 revised full papers presented together with an introductory overview and an invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on human-robot interaction, gesture recognition and body tracking, systems, and face and head.

3D Face Processing: Modeling, Analysis and Synthesis introduces the frontiers of 3D face processing techniques. It reviews existing 3D face processing techniques, including techniques for 3D face geometry modeling; 3D face motion modeling; and 3D face motion tracking and animation. Then it discusses a unified framework for face modeling, analysis and synthesis. In this framework, the authors present new methods for modeling complex natural facial motion, as well as face appearance variations due to illumination and subtle motion. Then the authors apply the framework to face tracking, expression recognition and face avatar for HCI interface. They conclude this book with comments on future work in the 3D face processing framework. 3D Face Processing: Modeling, Analysis and Synthesis will interest those working in face processing for intelligent human computer interaction and video surveillance. It contains a comprehensive survey on existing face processing techniques, which can serve as a reference for students and researchers. It also covers in-depth discussion on face motion analysis and synthesis algorithms, which will benefit more advanced graduate students and researchers.

The refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, CIVR 2003, held in Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA in July 2003. The 46 revised full papers presented together with an introduction and 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on image retrieval, indexing strategies and structures, feature based retrieval, semantic and learning, video retrieval, user studies, applications, video summarization and analysis, and performance.