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Web-based application developers face a dizzying array of platforms,languages, frameworks and technical artifacts to choose from. We survey,classify, and compare technologies supporting Web application development. Theclassification is based on (1) foundational technologies; (2)integration withother information sources; and (3) dynamic content generation. We furthersurvey and classify software engineering techniques and tools that have beenadopted from traditional programming into Web programming. We conclude that,although the infrastructure problems of the Web have largely been solved, thecacophony of technologies for Web-based applications reflects the lack of asolid model tailored for this domain.