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The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 3, in which the uncertainty of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability index was included as an orange trend line labelled with the letter ‘g’. This index however was found to be not linked to the findings of this study and has been removed. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. The original version of this Article contained an error in the caption of Figure 3, which incorrectly read ‘g Orange: Atlantic Multidecadal Variability index55. Black: total solar irradiance12.’ The correct version replaces this sentence with ‘g Total solar irradiance12.’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. The original version of this Article contained an error in the Results section, which incorrectly read ‘Fromthe 1400 s C.E. onwards, sea ice extent decreased significantly (Fig. 3b, c) due to an intrusion of warm Atlantic Water into the North Atlantic54, as reflected by a positive phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (Fig. 3g)55.’ The correct version replaces this sentence with ‘Fromthe 1400 s C.E. onwards, sea ice extent decreased significantly (Fig. 3b, c), possibly related to sea-ice conditions54,55.’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

The variability of the northern westerlies has been considered as one of the key elements for modern and past climate evolution. Their multiscale behavior and underlying control mechanisms, however, are incompletely understood, owing to the complex dynamics of Atlantic sea-level pressures. Here, we present a multi-annually resolved record of the westerly drift over the past 6,500 years from northern Italy. In combination with more than 20 other westerly-sensitive records, our results depict the non-stationary westerly-affected regions over mainland Europe on multi-decadal to multi-centennial time scales, showing that the direction of the westerlies has changed with respect to the migrations of the North Atlantic centers of action since the middle Holocene. Our findings suggest the crucial role of the migrations of the North Atlantic dipole in modulating the westerly-affected domain over Europe, possibly modulated by Atlantic Ocean variability.

BackgroundThe purpose of this document is to provide clinicians with guidance, using expert consensus, to help summarize evidence and offer practical recommendations.MethodsExpert Consensus Documents are intended to provide guidance for clinicians in areas in which there are no clinical practice guidelines, especially for new and evolving tests such as arterial stiffness measurements, until any formal guidelines are released.ResultsThis expert consensus document is intended as a source of information for decision-making and to guide clinician-patient discussions in various clinical scenarios.ConclusionsThe goal is to help clinicians and patients make a more informed decision together.

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 3g, inwhich the age on theXaxis for the AtlanticMultidecadal Variability index recordwas incorrect. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

The Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1450-1850 C.E.) is the best documented cold period of the past millennium, characterized by high-frequency volcanism, low solar activity, and high variability of Arctic sea-ice cover. Past studies of LIA Atlantic circulation changes have referenced the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), but recent studies have noted that LIA climate patterns appear to possess complexity not captured by an NAO analogue. Here, we present a new precipitation-sensitive stalagmite record from northern Italy that covers the past 800 years. We show that in the early LIA (1470-1610 C.E.), increased atmospheric ridging over northern Europe split the climatological westerlies away from central and northern Europe, possibly caused by concurrent Artic sea-ice reduction. With ongoing ice melting in the northern high latitudes and decreasing solar irradiance in the coming years, the early LIA may potentially serve as an analogue for European hydroclimatic conditions in the coming decades.