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The paper describes the history of development of urology in Tomskand the Tomsk Region. After the foundation of the ImperialTomskUniversity, the first university behind the Ural Mountains, in 1878, urology began to develop at the Chair of Hospital Surgery. University professors E.G. Salishchev, P.I. Tikhov, N.I. Berezganovskii, N.A. Bogoraz, V.M. Mysh, A.G. Savinykh, V.M. Voskresenskii and others contributed a tremendous contribution to the development of urology. Since the course of urology was opened in 1959 by Prof. I.S. Petrov, the Clinic of the MedicalUniversitybecame an organizational-methodical center of the urological service of the Tomsk Region. The Clinic trained urologists for the municipal and regional health services. In 1976, and the independent course of urology was organized, and in 2002 the Urology Chair headed by Prof. A.V. Gudkov was founded.

A cancer incidence in general and in its separate nosologic forms (stomach cancer, liver cancer, cancer of lung, skin cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid gland cancer and hemoblastosis cancer) has been studied in the population of Tomsk and Tomsk region within 1990—2001 taking into account ages and sexes. The dynamics of the cancer incidence in general and in separate forms of malignant neoplasms has been cited and the prognosis of this process up to 2007 has been done. An analysis of the main risk factors has been made.