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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment of fulminant myocarditis in young women. This clinical case confirms that etiopathogenetic complex therapy was implemented in a specialized Cardiac Intensive Care Department in conjunction with the necessary diagnostic and invasive procedures that are the optimal options for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute myocarditis.

The review article discusses recent advances in our understanding of viral myocarditis such as pathogenic role of infection and immune mechanisms in acute, sub-acute and chronic phases of the disease. A newly discovered Th17 lymphocyte subset and Interleukin 17 play an important role in the development of inflammatory myocardial diseases. The protective effect of Interferon y and Th1 immune response in acute myocarditis and the role of Th17-mediated mechanisms in progression of acute myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy are considered. The evidence of pathogenic role of Th17 lymphocytes in viral myocarditis in human is given.