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Purpose: scientific and technical basis of the technology of applying mineral fertilizers against the background of precision irrigation during winter wheat cultivation in the south of Russia. Materials and methods. For assessing the precision irrigation technology efficiency in 2019, a two-factor field experiment was carried out at the fields of Biryuchekutskaya vegetable selection experimental station – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Vegetable Research Center” using the example of winter wheat. The influence of different mineral fertilizers availability at different irrigation technologies on winter wheat productivity was studied. Results. The following technical characteristics have been determined: yield, total water consumption, irrigation rate and water balance coefficients for the options of the experiment. On the basis of technical characteristics, empirical dependences of winter wheat productivity on the applied fertilizers total doses used by zonal farming systems and with precision irrigation, as well as the empirical dependence of the dynamics of potato productivity on the sum of the mineral fertilizers rate of application and water consumption during precision irrigation, described by the surface equation, were revealed. The specified yield increase due to fertilizers in variants with precision fertilization (A2B3 and A3B3) was 6.2 and 6.7 t/ha (or 94.4 and 124.1 %), which is 1.2 and 1.5 t/ha higher in comparison with the recommended climatic cropping pattern (CCP) (A2B2 and A3B2), respectively. Water consumption of winter wheat in variants without irrigation (A1B1, A1B2, A1B3) ranged from 3371 to 3525 m³/ha, and in variants with the technology recommended by CCP (A2B1, A2B2 and A2B3), varied from 5702 to 6162 m³/ha and varied from 5639 to 6066 m³/ha in variants of the experiment with precision irrigation (A3B1, A3B2 and A3B3). Conclusions. The analysis of the results of field studies made it possible to conclude that the technology of precision application of mineral fertilizers against the background of precision irrigation has shown high efficiency.

Purpose: to analyze domestic and foreign experience in the application of systems or individual elements of precision irrigation. The analysis of literary sources, scientific and technical information on the development and use in agricultural production of technical and technological means for precision irrigation technology, including the work of foreign researchers is presented. As a result of the work carried out, it was found that most authors agree that the use of precision farming is impossible without the development of methods for remote sensing of the agricultural complex, improving the quality of spectral survey. Conclusions. Against the background of the analysis and consideration of the work of various researchers, it is concluded that the complex of technical and technological means (solutions) of sprinkling equipment for precision irrigation proposed by the staff of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems is an advanced development and can be used as part of modern sprinkler machines. The essence of the development is as follows: the obtained data of remote sensing, the object of which is the moisture content of plants by field segments and the data on the positioning of the sprinkler on the field allow the processor installed on the machine to process the data and implement precision irrigation technology, in which the dosed volume of water is supplied for each field segment with the calculation of soil moisture levelling throughout the field at each irrigation.

Purpose: to study the influence of the water head in the upstream and the backwater on the part of the downstream on the seasonal storage dam, built in a mountainous area. Materials and methods: complex geological conditions of anchoring a responsible in terms of safety structure in a mountainous area prompted us to a more detailed study of the issue of its stress-strain state with the ability to offer designers in detail the limits of possible changes in the parameters of the displacement of the seasonal storage dam foundation. The need for the dam construction in the mountainous area is due to several factors. First of all, it is a fundamental need to accumulate water on the Black Sea coast of the North Caucasus, where there is an ever-increasing deficit both for the needs of agricultural producers and for public water supply, while in the autumn-winter period, precipitation falls in the region even in abundance, as it is evidenced by flood control costs. Secondly, the mountainous relief and their gorges is the nature-created volume for water accumulation. Thirdly, the lands of mountain gorges are the most unsuitable for agricultural use lands, in contrast to the lands of the valleys, where reservoirs are currently located. Results: the study of the influence of the water head in the upstream and the backwater from the downstream on the dam was carried out using numerical modeling using the Midas and Maxima software products, which made it possible to cover the entire range of actions necessary for solving such problems. Conclusions: it was found that in the range of backwater changes in the headwater of the dam from 0.6 to 2.8 m, displacements at the dam foundation have extreme values at constant values of the head at the dam of 1.0; 5.0 and 10.0 m. In general, the largest displacement values at the dam foundation are observed at the highest head of the dam in the upstream, equal to 10.0 m.

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of groundwater treatment through filter-sorption loading by choosing the optimal ratio of its components and loading height. Material and Methods: the rounded (natural) quartz sand with a particle size of 0.8–2.0 mm and activated carbon on a coal-mining basis with a particle size of 1.5–2.8 mm was used as components of the filter-sorption loading in the given studies. During the research various ratios of these components with different loading heights were used. Results: the existence of a functional relationship between several filtration loading components ratio options and its height is determined during the experimental data analysis. The obtained experimental dependences show at what filter load and loading height the process of groundwater treatment was most effective. At a maximum loading height of 0.8 m, the water treatment efficiency increases to 99 %, but the filtering speed decreases to 0.7 m/h. Conclusion: there is a decrease in the iron concentration from 0.64 to 0.18 milligrams per cubic decimeter, manganese from 2.25 to 0.38 milligrams per cubic decimeter, stiffness from 22.6 to 18.2 °dH and suspended solids from 1.2 to 1.1 milligrams per cubic decimeter in relation to the source groundwater, with all variants of the filter loading ratio. This justifies the effectiveness of the developed filter-sorption loading. As a result of the studies the high purification efficiency was observed at a loading ratio of 3:1. The decrease in iron concentration reached 72 %, manganese – 86 %, hardness – 30 %, suspended solids – 10 %. Laboratory experiments have shown that a decrease in the amount of iron, manganese and suspended solids in water depends on the filter loading height and the filtration rate. Thus, the best option is a loading height of 0.5 to 0.7 m with a filtration rate of 3.7 to 2.4 m per h with a ratio of 3:1.