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The work shows the objective necessity of mastering the range of millimeter waves for building systems for detecting and tracking air and other targets. The features of propagation of millimeter waves in the Earth's atmosphere are analyzed. The mechanism of their absorption in molecular oxygen, water vapor and hydrometeors is described. The results of calculating the attenuation of millimeter waves as a function of wavelength and viewing angle are presented. The fundamentals of radio-thermal radiation of physical bodies and the features of its reception, the principle of which is based on the fact that any body with a thermodynamic temperature above absolute zero, capable of emitting electromagnetic energy in a wide spectral range, in particular, in the range of millimeter waves, are presented. The resulting radio-thermal radiation of a real body is formed by two components: its own radiation and reflected electromagnetic oscillations falling on the body from the surrounding space. The results of experimental studies of the measure of scattering and reflection of millimeter waves by aircraft skin in active and passive modes are presented. It was found that the distribution of the radio-thermal signal over the surface of the aircraft is uniform, in contrast to the distribution of the reflected signal in the active mode. Experimental studies have shown that in the range of millimeter waves it is possible to obtain an energy portrait of an aircraft under conditions when it is a distributed target, when it is scanned line by line by a narrow antenna pattern in both active and passive modes. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the radiometric method of target detection can be used as the basis for the construction of correlation-extreme navigation systems for cruise missiles, passive missile homing heads, earth surface survey locators installed on artificial earth satellites, aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles. devices, airfield survey locators, etc.

The subject and topic of this article is to conduct studies of the influence of ballistic and meteorological factors on the flight of feathered rockets in order to develop a rational system of corrections for the class of ammunition when compiling firing Tables. The research method in determining the main disturbing factors affecting the flight of feathered rockets and the “weight” of ballistic and meteorological factors in them was carried out on the basis of mathematical methods for planning an experiment using a system of differentiated equations of motion of the center of mass of projectiles. The research method in determining the main disturbing factors affecting the flight of fledged rockets and the “weight” of ballistic and meteorological factors in them was carried out on the basis of mathematical methods for planning an experiment using a system of differentiated equations of motion of the center of shot weight. The conclusions and scope of research: on the basis of the methodology proposed in the article for determining the main disturbing factors affecting the flight of rockets, it becomes possible to substantiate a rational system of amendments, which should take into account: for rockets with aerodynamic stabilization, it is necessary to additionally take into account deviations in the weight of the reactive charge and deviations of a single thrust impulse; for feathered rockets, the wind has a significant effect within the active section of the trajectory, in addition, it is necessary to take into account both direct and cross effects of the wind on the active section of the trajectory, it is necessary to take into account the effect of wind on the passive section of the trajectory; at present, the properties of a batch of charges of reactive engines are not taken into account, the assessment carried out in the article showed the need to take into account a single thrust impulse by this factor; one of the ways to reduce errors in range due to errors in determining the temperature of the reactive charge is the use of propellants in reactive engines with low sensitivity to temperature deviation. The technique proposed in the article can be the basis for compiling firing tables for both existing and prospective shells (mines).

The article shows that, that in the process of tasks decision of the productivity increases of the telecommunication systems there is a necessity for decline diminishing intensity of video stream. Decision efficiency of such tasks depends on quality of video information services grant, which must be well-to-do. However, in practice intensity of video stream, that arises up, increased every year and exceeds necessary values. Principal reason is from one side large volumes of video information’s, and technical descriptions of the telecommunication systems are limited. It brings to the increase of time delays over and probabilities of packages losses at service on the knots of commutation. One of directions of decision of this contradiction consists in diminished volumes of video information’s due to the use methods of compression. In dissertation work the methods of compression and proceeding in images are developed for the decline of intensity of video stream in the telecommunication systems, that provides the decline of delay time and probability of packages losses in the conditions of limitations on the fast-acting of the computer systems and transmission speed of these telecommunication systems.

In order to maintain the appropriate level of professional training of flight crew members, it is necessary to focus on the provision of modern weapons and military equipment, which will support and consolidate the acquired knowledge, acquire skills and abilities in crew management in complex dynamic navigation and special situations. The purpose of the article is to develop an information system for air traffic control in terms of operator activities of persons in the flight management group. In the theory of operator activity, the position of members of the flight management group was absolute, and the pilot as an active part of the management system was generally excluded from consideration. However, the socio - psychological aspect in the activities of persons in the flight control group, determines the subordination of the actions of persons in the flight management group of the pilot. If previously we tried to answer the question of how flight crew members should act to ensure the safety and orderliness of air traffic, now what should be the flight management to ensure the effective operation of the pilot. The safety margin of the pilot as a control object can have a decisive influence on the functioning of the flight management system as a whole. It is determined, on the one hand, by the pilot's training, and on the other - by the degree of complexity of the tasks and the conditions of their implementation. Based on this, in the most difficult situation are often individuals of flight management groups in flight schools, where against the background of very intensive operator activities is the management of novice pilots. In the process of interviewing air traffic controllers, significant factors were identified that most influence their activities. Flight managers were then asked to rank these factors according to their importance. The most significant for the flight management were such factors as unclear reports of the pilot in an emergency situation, the need to provide assistance to crews for a limited time, a sudden deterioration of the weather. This is largely due to the characteristics of the pilots. For example, in third place is the factor of sudden deterioration of the weather. It is important for the flight management team. Since the conditions of flight have changed dramatically and, accordingly, the self-government of pilots requires the adoption of decisions by the flight management team, taking into account the actual readiness of the flight crew and its safety margin. The increased significance of the factors is due to the difficulties of interaction between flight crew members and pilots in non-standard situations.Thus, the transition from classical models of management theory to logical - linguistic models is necessary. They use logical processing tools to convert data presented in linguistic form. The logical - linguistic approach implies the use of the concepts of fuzzy set, linguistic variable, distribution of powers, fuzzy evidence to describe and form the elements of the system in the process of building the model.

In the article are defined the basic requirements influencing on development of constructions of military automobile equipment (MAE) samples. In particular, it was found that the increase in speed and mobility of the wheeled MAE when driving off-road in general, affect both the increase in specific power of engines, the choice of optimal transmission parameters and the design of the suspension. Vibrational and oscillating loads on the driver (crew) of the MAE samples while driving off-road form two defining aspects of the cars use. The first aspect is related to artificial limitation by the driver of high speed of motion below technical maximal through the maximum limit of his discomfort, and second - through a corresponding tiredness and substantial worsening of driver movement (crew) depending on duration of off-road traffic. The tendency of development of suspension designs is defined, which consists in transition from dependent suspension brackets with an inseparable beam of an axis and rigid interrelation of kinematics of suspension brackets of the right and left wheels to independent. This approach allows to increase the comfort for the driver and crew, as well as increase the average speed and significantly reduce the transverse center-punch of the body. The analysis of tendencies of introduction of active and semi - active suspensions of modern samples of wheeled MAE is carried out, which allow to significantly improve the crew comfort, safety of cargo and average speeds. According to the results of research is set the need to switch to long-running independent suspensions to reduce unsprung masses and vibration load of the body and the crew.

The cost indicators of multi-role fighters, together with the pace of their production, largely determine the development trends of the global arms market, which in turn puts forward for potential buyers of combat aircraft certain restrictions on the possibility of purchasing it. The availability of adequate methodological support for estimating the cost of serial tactical fighters will allow to obtain estimates of the cost of modern and promising combat aircraft, which is presented (planned to be presented) on the world arms market. In addition, the correct assessment of the cost of serial multi-purpose tactical aircraft, which can be considered as an alternative to procurement, is the basis for planning the State budget expenditures in the medium and long term, which should be directed to the Security and Defense Sector. This information will determine the financial component of the system of restrictions of formalized criteria for assessing the rationality of programs for the development of weapons and military equipment of tactical aviation of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The article presents an improved mathematical model of the cost of multi-role tactical fighters, which, in contrast to the existing one, more adequately reflects the dependence of the price of modern and promising multi-role fighters on the world arms market on generalized indicators of their quality. Such indicators are the coefficients of combat potential of multi-purpose tactical aircraft in the performance of their tasks of destroying the enemy in the air and the task of destroying ground targets. The correctness of the calculations of the forecast values of the cost of serial combat aircraft was ensured by adjusting the calculations of the coefficients of combat potential from the standard model F-4B to a more modern multi-role fighter F-16E. Based on the results of assessing the adequacy and accuracy of the developed advanced mathematical model of the cost of serial multi-purpose tactical aircraft, it can be concluded that its practical use is justified during the substantiation of proposals for the synthesis of rational programs and plans for tactical aviation of the Air Force of Ukraine armaments in the sector of combat aircraft.

The article focuses on solving the problem of assessing the survivability of a anti-aircraft missile system. The ways of solving this problem are shown by the use of certain methods, by which it is possible to carry out the analysis of the factors that influence the survivability of the anti-aircraft missile system. Assessment of the survivability of the anti-aircraft missile system is carried out on the basis of a model that characterizes the survivability of the system for a certain period of time. The time for which the survivability of the system is estimated is advisable within the average time spent by the elements of the control system in their positions. As an indicator of survivability, the probability of non-defeat of elements of the enemy anti-aircraft missile system over the adopted period of time is accepted. The adopted indicator is characterized by a number of particular indicators: the probability of detection (the probability of direct detection by enemy aircraft in a given area) of the control system elements; the probability of absenteeism of control elements from under the attack of the enemy; the probability of defeat of the elements of the enemy assets management system In turn, private indicators take into account the enemy’s ability to detect and strike at elements of the fire control system of an anti-aircraft sub-unit (anti-aircraft unit), as well as the possible impact of organizational and technical measures aimed at improving camouflage, creating false positions, and engineering support to reduce the likelihood of detection and defeat of elements of a fire control system of an anti-aircraft sub-unit (anti-aircraft unit). The proposed methodology for assessing the survivability of a fire control system takes into account the dynamics of its operation, the impact of possible measures to increase survivability at its level, takes into account different options for striking the enemy and allows a comparative analysis of proposals to ensure the required level of survivability of the system in the headquarters (military authorities) planning and conducting combat operations.

Титул

Currently, one of the urgent tasks of maintaining the combat effectiveness of troops (units) using parachute landing and ensuring the functioning of industries using parachute equipment is to improve the characteristics of such products, including increasing (extending) their shelf life. indicators. The subject of the research in the article is the consideration of problematic issues regarding the extension of the validity period of the given (established) parameters of parachute equipment in operating organizations, namely, the assigned service life, storage period, and also the assigned resource. In the life cycle of any parachute system, the storage phase is the longest. At this time, according to the requirements of the operating instructions, scheduled works on drying and reloading with a parachute system are carried out, and its actual technical condition is also assessed. Despite the small number of such works during the year (2 times), it is then that dangerous environmental factors appear: open sunlight, pollution (paint, oil, rust, dirt, etc.) and a high probability of mechanical damage. Their complex action is most dangerous, especially in the presence of excess moisture. All this leads to the "aging" of polymer materials, which leads to a loss of strength and elasticity of structural elements of parachute systems. Establishing (maintaining) reasonable restrictions on the use of parachute systems will undoubtedly solve the main problem of safe landing and give time for the development of new and replacement of the existing fleet of parachute systems for various purposes in Ukraine. The goal is to determine the possibility and justification of the feasibility of research (work) to extend (increase) the validity period of the parameters of parachute equipment established (established) by the developer (manufacturer), which is supplied to the Armed Forces of Ukraine. to continue working. and improvement of the general methodology of such studies (works) for various nomenclatures (types) of parachute equipment, taking into account modern conditions. Objective: to improve and test in modern conditions the research (work) methodology to extend (increase) the reliability of the parameters of parachute equipment assigned (established) by the developer (manufacturer). The following results were obtained. The article discusses publications and problematic issues on extending the validity period of the specified parameters of parachute equipment after its long-term storage and operation. The technical feasibility and expediency of carrying out work on the continuation of the specified parameters of the parachute equipment after its long-term storage and operation have been substantiated. The main provisions of the improved, in relation to the current state of affairs in the field of parachuting in Ukraine, the general methodology for organizing and carrying out work to extend the period of validity of the specified parameters of parachute equipment. Findings. At this stage of development of parachute construction in Ukraine, it is possible and advisable to carry out work to continue the specified parameters of parachute equipment after its long-term storage and operation. The improved general methodology for organizing and carrying out such work can be extended to various nomenclatures of parachute equipment and should be applied and adapted in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The results of further work should be used in planning, organizing and working to extend the validity of the specified parameters of the parachute equipment. Key words: parachute system, parachute equipment, onboard equipment, set (set) indicators, continuation (increase) of set parameters of parachute equipment.

Today the systems of a volley fire present the battle platforms widely used in Ground forces at the conduct of all forms and types of battle actions. Perfection of the systems of a volley fire, increase of their battle efficiency, is an important scientific and technical task. Appearance of NT in area of development of the systems of aiming and combination gives an opportunity considerably to promote battle possibilities of the systems of a volley fire. The article of consideration in the article is a method of evaluation of efficiency of application of the systems of a volley fire. The attempt of establishment of analytical dependences between the parameters of process of defeat of area target the system of a volley fire results in his considerable simplification, that, in principle, does analytical models such ineffective. Therefore offered approach evaluation of efficiency of the systems of a volley fire on the basis of simulation model, that simplified development of mathematical model of the examined process to a great extent. A basic factor, influencing on the process of defeat of area aims, considered in a model, is aiming exactness. Aiming exactness is expressed through total mean quadratic deviation. The zone of defeat appears as a sum of squares, the center of each of that can come forward as an aiming point for battle blocks. The size of these squares is comparable with a for slaughter interval for the striking elements of battle blocks. The amount of such squares is equal to the number of battle blocks. During a design casual character is set the coordinates of every square on that buffeted by a battle block. By such method the area of defeat, that on geometrical sizes does not coincide with the required zone of defeat, is formed in every realization of simulation model. The zone of defeat appears as a sum of elementary squares a size of that is an on an order less than for slaughter interval. During work of model in every realization for every elementary square the fact of hit of him is set in the zone of defeat. In the total works of model, adding up the number of one times of hit of elementary square in the area of defeat in every realization, the estimation of probability of his hit is determined under the action of striking elements of battle blocks. This probability is numeral equal to the expected value to the number of one times of hit of this square under the action of the struck elements. Because the zone of defeat appears the sum of elementary squares, the that expected value of sum of squares getting under influence of the struck elements of battle blocks is equal to the sum of the expected values of every elementary square, getting under influence struck elements of battle blocks. Knowing the incurrence of the elementary squares included in the zone of defeat, the stake of zone of defeat, getting under influence of striking elements of battle blocks, is determined in percents. The basic data used in a model have clear physical sense, reflect the process of defeat of area aim the system of a volley fire and are calculated. The offered simulation model allows to conduct a quantitative estimation to the methods of defeat of the set area at planning of battle operations.

The article has developed methodological elements of procedures for the dynamic integration means of securing of protection and defense of military airfields, which are based on the notion of vulnerability of objects and the notion of dynamic integration associated with the dynamic characteristics of enemy actions, which allows to get an adequate response of the defense system to these actions by managing the structure, characteristics and parameters of a single system. The methodological basis of the procedures for integrating systems of securing of protection and defense for military facilities is the notion of a complex organizational and technical system, critical elements of the military airfield, forces and means of protection and defense, totality of enemy action models. To assess the process of integration of protection and defense systems for military airfields, it is proposed to use a model approach. For this, a set of interrelated models is being developed, the implementation of which will allow evaluating and justifying the integration process. The direction of further research is determined, which must be concentrated on the development of a methodology for assessing critical elements of military airfields and their vulnerability, the development of technical solutions and tools for integrating systems. The problem of the human factor is revealed, and solutions are proposed that will reduce its impact on the quality of implementation of measures for the protection and defense of military airfields. A qualimetric model for assessing the vulnerability of an aerodrome has been developed, where the criteria for assessing vulnerability are quality and risk. It is shown that the assessment procedure in this case is based on a model of the quality of the aerodrome functioning.

The article proposes a method of correction of the onboard navigation system of an aeroballistic object using an optoelectronic correlation-extreme navigation system, which, in contrast to the known ones, allows to keep the object of binding in the center of the current image to form a unimodal crucial function flight trajectory of the aeroballistic object. The results of researches of efficiency of the offered method and algorithm of formation of a decisive function of correlation-extreme navigation system in the conditions of blurring of the current image and location of object of binding on the current image are resulted. The application of the developed method allows to provide the conditions for the formation of unimodal crucial function, because it implements the process of constant clarification of the location of the binding object. The developed method also provides for the selection of the binding object with the optimal percentage of filling in the reference image.

A specific model has been developed to assess the performance indicators of target designation when setting obstacles by the enemy and maneuvering various targets. On the basis of the adopted technical characteristics and parameters of stations and weapon systems, optimal target designation options were found. Favorable conditions for firing rockets have also been determined. The indicator of the increase in the average number of destroyed targets is calculated when moving from one type of target placement to another. The course of solving a specific model is presented. Analytical expressions for calculating target indicators of placement efficiency and graphic material are given.

The paper considers the method of testing for abrasive wear according to the Brinell-Howarth scheme with an indication of the structural elements of the installation, which may differ in size, surface geometry and materials. The quantitative rather than qualitative nature of the results of the method is noted, which does not allow the test results to be transferred to conditions other than standard. The tasks are formulated aimed at eliminating the main drawback of research: the lack of models of the studied processes and methods for determining the parameters of these models. Elimination of these disadvantages will allow to extend the research results to natural conditions different from the model ones. In this regard, the task of developing a theory of modeling abrasive wear of metals during tests by the Brinell-Howarth method was established. A mathematical model has been built for determining the amount of abrasive particles in the zone of interaction of a rubber disk and an abrasive at a given time, depending on the size of abrasive particles and a rubber disk. An important component of this work is the real consideration of the interaction of each spherical abrasive particle with a metal sample. Boundary conditions for the application of these models during testing by the Brinell-Howarth method are identified. This modeling is considered in the context with the subsequent development of this modeling technique. The work considers real processes associated with abrasive wear of materials during testing. The paper also considers the basis for the further construction of mathematical modeling of the process of abrasive wear of metals when tested by the Brinell-Howarth method. It is not the average statistical wear of metals that is studied, but the wear of each spherical abrasive particle with further summation of the wear values by weight.

The article examines the process of aiming fighters at air targets by the “Maneuver” method during the cover of troops and objects, taking into account the experience of local military conflicts. The problem of determining the parameters of guidance by the method of “Maneuver” is associated with the solution of the equation that determines the trajectory of the fighter by numerical methods. The analysis of positive and negative properties of the method of guidance “Maneuver”, which should be taken into account in specific conditions, their advantages and disadvantages in terms of complexity of calculations. A comparative analysis of the “Maneuver” method with the “Maneuver” guidance method is performed. Recommendations for the use of the “Maneuver” method for effective withdrawal of fighters for air purposes are given. One of the important tasks of fighter aircraft is to fight enemy air targets. One of the important tasks of fighter aircraft is to fight enemy air targets. Guidance of fighters can be carried out by various methods, the main of which are: parallel approach, direct approach, chase method, maneuver, which aim to ensure the withdrawal of fighters in a tactically advantageous position relative to the air target on its visibility by airborne means or visual detection. The analysis of positive and negative properties which should be considered in concrete conditions, advantages and lacks of methods of guidance from the point of view of realization in the automated systems, and also in perspective systems of decision support is carried out. Thus, each of the methods has advantages and disadvantages, the use of a method is allowed in an automated system. The method of guidance can and should be determined by the tactical situation, tactical and technical data and characteristics of the fighter armament system, the experience of a combat control officer, the pilot's preferences in choosing a method, as well as subjective factors and external conditions.

Radar tests using traditional flight tests requires the attraction of significant funds and material resources and is problematic in the context of limited funding for the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In addition, due to the lack of a proper testing ground in Ukraine, such tests can only be partially carried out. There are also physical limitations in determining the shape and size of the surveillance radars air objects detection zone. The most difficult thing is to determine the configuration of its upper boundary due to the impossibility of flying at heights of several tens of kilometers. The well-known analytical methods for calculating the surveillance radars air objects detection zones determine to a greater extent only the potential capabilities of the radar and do not find their own application in practice due to the impossibility of taking into account a large number of random factors that somehow affect the results of calculations. A more acceptable option is a combination of analytical computational methods for determining the air objects detection zones with a limited amount of experimental tests, which are carried out by special aircraft flight tests or by passing flights of scheduled aircrafts. Thanks to this combination, the upper boundary of the zone can be calculated from experimental data obtained by flying a specially designated aircraft at one given altitude, or from scheduled aircraft tracking data, the flight altitude of which is known in advance. This requires the accumulation of data on the amplitude of the received echo signals during the tracking of special aircraft or scheduled aircraft. In modern and advanced radars, which have a developed documentation system, the accumulation of such data can be carried out for a long time, significantly exceeding the time spent by targets in the radar detection zone. Determination of the upper limit of the target detection zone is carried out by analyzing the amplitude of the received echo signals during the tracking of special aircraft or scheduled aircraft.

Yu. Ftemov The experience of fighting in the East of Ukraine shows that there is no integrated system of automated control of troops significantly reduces the degree of realization of combat capabilities of the troops (forces). Given the fact that in recent years there have been significant changes in the theory of engineering support of fighting. In turn, this is due to the inconsistency of the spatial scope of hostilities and the available forces (means) participating in it, as well as the inconsistency of the scope of tasks to create a system of engineering barriers to the capabilities of troops. However, the issue of automated control, and especially planning for the creation of a system of engineering barriers, in the general system of automated control of troops, is not given due attention. Existing calculation programs are quite operational, at the same time they solve mathematical problems of individual engineering activities and need to be systematized. Therefore, the article considers approaches to the formation of requirements for the optimization of the planning process of the system of engineering barriers, which can be implemented based on optimization methods, namely through the creation of specialized software. The general algorithm of specialized software is a series of interconnected detailed instructions that implement the calculation process, which, starting from the initial state, occurs through a sequence of logical states and ends with the final one. The transition from the previous to the next state is not necessarily deterministic – some algorithms may contain elements of randomness. When entering information (tasks, individual measures), for example, the counter ability of enemy units: the result of the calculation is to form a conclusion about the capabilities of their units to perform a specific combat task. The obtained results give grounds to conclude that the implementation of the recommendations will reduce the time for calculations to 25%, as well as an increase to 10% the number of possible options for creating a system of engineering barriers.

In order to solve research, information and training tasks for the unification of models of the activity of combat crews, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of visibility and accessibility while maintaining the possibility of conducting analytical and experimental research. To determine the degree of compliance with the specified requirements of various combinations of methods for constructing models, possible options for grouping methods have been identified. The article presents a roster of the method of motivating the models of the efficiency of the combat servants of the automatic control system for the development of optimal methods for analyzing and modeling the efficiency of the operators in the ACS. The assessment of the method of structural-algorithmic analysis was carried out to induce models of combat robots of the ACP service personnel. It is understood when looking at the situation on the work platforms of the operators in the automated control system, as the situation, the processes of development and inheritance in the course of these classifications can be victorious, because of the lack of rice, which characterizes the middle of the warehouse. It has also been shown that the stage of a given procedure for identifying a situation does not provide for such a special function of the operators, as the possibility of a creative approach in the event of a situation and the development of the necessary algorithm of action. For usunennya of a shortcoming, it is suggested to include in the scheme of identifying a situation a number of additional elements, connected from the left to the sign of the situation, which was expressed as signs of new situations and new situations. Presentations of the method for a thoroughly formed model of the activity of operators in the automated control system for the improvement of the structural-algorithmic analysis by the method of fingered models of activity. It is shown that the traditional method of victorious patterned models has low power levels. Some of the shortcomings in the statistic are possible with the stagnation of the global low-cut model, as the allowance is made for the introduction of viral peaks-podias “readiness for interchange” and “end of the process”, as a result of. The order of breaking up is done when solving tasks to induce models of the activity of the combat service of the AKP. The stagnation of the broken-down method can allow the operators of the automated control system to adjust the efficiency and the quality of the distribution of the facilities at the earlier, information and training facilities.

The subject of the article is information on the reflection coefficients of a cylindrical object with various types of radio-absorbing material applied to its bases when using a multi-frequency signal. The goal is to study the reflection coefficients of a cylindrical radar target on which various types of radar-absorbing material is applied. Tasks: assessment of a decrease in visibility and an increase in errors in determining the coordinates of a cylindrical target when applying various types of radio тabsorbing materials to it, obtaining quantitative values of target scattering characteristics, with applied radio-absorbing materials of various types, using multi-frequency signals. The methods used are: mathematical modeling of the possibility of obtaining characteristics of the scattering of the target, with the applied radio absorbing materials, using multi-frequency signals. The following results were obtained. The use of multi-frequency signals makes it possible to increase the radar signature of targets made with the use of RPM, the use of multi-frequency signals reduces errors in determining the location of targets, the use of radio absorbing materials of various types leads to a significant decrease in the effective reflecting surface of the target in the quasi-optical region of reflection of radio waves. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: the use of multi-frequency broadband signals makes it possible to increase the radar signature of targets made with the use of radio-absorbing materials. Increasing the carrier frequency or broadening the spectrum of a multi-frequency signal results in an even greater power gain than a narrowband signal. The application of radio-absorbing materials to the target leads to distortion of the amplitudes of various frequency components of the reflected multi-frequency signal.

The article examines the method of work of the air traffic control officer to point of aviation for air targets by the “Chase” method during the cover of important objects of the state, taking into account the experience of local military conflicts. Aviation guidance is a more complex process than targeting. The calculation of the guidance of the aircraft is made taking into account its maneuverability, as well as the firepower of the enemy's air defenses. Air traffic control officers must calculate the course of approach of the aircraft to the target with altitude, angle of attack and speed, which will most effectively hit the target and get away from enemy air defense fire. Guidance on the guidance post is performed by air traffic control officers, who solve the task of guidance, produce and transmit on board the fighter guidance, targeting and information about the air situation. To generate guidance commands, air tracking control officer must choose the method of guidance, the flight program of the fighter and on the basis of the initial data to solve the problem of guidance. The experience of local armed conflicts shows that an air target attack is most effective when the fighter is in a more tactically advantageous position relative to the target by the time the attack begins. The essence of solving the problem of directing a fighter by the “Chase” method, as well as methods of direct guidance, is mainly to determine the flight course of the fighter, flight time for air combat and the meeting point of the fighter. The guidance problem can be solved in whole or in part by analytical, graphical, instrumental, eye-measuring and automated methods. The analysis of positive and negative properties of the method of guidance “Chase”, which should be taken into account in specific conditions, their advantages and disadvantages in terms of complexity of calculations. According to the given positive and negative properties it is offered to use this method in the following situations - at the beginning of guidance, at the final stage of guidance and at guidance on maneuvering air targets.

У статті пропонується методика оцінки ефективності функціонування механізмів формування керуючих послідовностей для реалізації активної завадо- та імітозахисту завадозахисних систем зв'язку і управління на фізичному рівні. Реалізація активної завадо- та імітозахисту систем зв'язку і управління на фізичному рівні досягається при використанні динамічного режиму функціонування на рівні складних сигналів. В цьому випадку постановка імітаційних та структурних перешкод зловмисником еквівалентна постановці їм звичайних шумових завад. Максимальна ефективність динамічного режиму функціонування досягається за умови, що зловмиснику не відомий закон, який реалізує динамічний режим функціонування і він не може розкрити цей закон формування на заданому інтервалі часу. Отримано математичні вирази, що дозволяють сформулювати вимоги до пристроїв формування керуючих послідовностей і оцінити якості керівників послідовностей. Проведено аналіз і розроблена методика оцінки ефективності функціонування механізмів формування керуючих послідовностей для реалізації динамічного режиму функціонування. Встановлено, що пристрій формування керуючих послідовностей має забезпечувати високу структурну скритність і високу лінійну складність породжуючих послідовностей. Сформульовано вимоги до пристроїв формування керуючих послідовностей.

The article briefly analyzes the operating, system and technical architecture of the C4ISR systems. The model of C4ISR information exchange is considered and an example of the description of the system interface, taking into account the use of real weapons and military equipment systems is given. The following technologies and innovations are considered as destructive: service-oriented architecture, systems with artificial intelligence, cloud computing and Internet of battle things; IDEAS ontology, expansion of a single information and combat space into cyberspace, tactical and strategic clouds. Artificial systems are acquiring their own behavior, previously characteristic only for living systems. The conclusion is made about the emergence of a new bifurcation point, which is associated with the development of the theory of data-centric operations and the design of data-centric weapons systems. General concepts are considered, and a resource-streaming model of data-centric weapon systems is defined and proposed. The property of system-system integrity is defined by unambiguous isolation of a subset of system elements from network elements that have spatial and chronological localization. Complication of system-systems organization is carried out in frames of chain: aggregations - networks - systems. The conclusion is made about the presence of hardware redundancy in modern weapon systems and the possibility of its use within the framework of system-systems as a network resource, the management of which will allow to obtain additional operational capabilities and increase the efficiency of combat operations.

A simulation model has been developed based on the technology of orthogonal channel distribution with multiplexing, designed to assess the noise immunity, as well as the imitation protection of the command-telemetric information channel of an unmanned aerial vehicle. It has been proven that the existing on-board information protection system is morally and technically outdated. At the same time, the assessment of the protection of the communication channel is not effective enough to prevent information countermeasures by the enemy. Therefore, a new algorithm for the simulation model for assessing the protection of the communication channel of an unmanned vehicle is proposed, which ensures timely detection and counteraction to the enemy's electronic warfare. Algorithmic implementation of the proposed model of imitation protection of the command-telemetric information channel of an unmanned aerial vehicle is implemented using the MATLAB software package using Kalman and Wiener filters. Due to the lack of the necessary mechanisms for modulating signals in the frequency domain in the used software product, a mathematical apparatus for generating signals in the frequency domain using the inverse Fourier transform was developed. Also, this model was practically tested and its effectiveness was proved. Based on the studies carried out, it can be concluded that this system is 3-4 times more effective than the existing one, and more precisely by 50-60% of the experimentally specified conditions of its use. The developed simulation model for assessing the protection of the command-telemetry information exchange channel allows reducing the probability of a bit error by almost 5 times. It is proposed to use a model created on the basis of the OFDM radio channel operation algorithm in onboard unmanned aerial communication systems.

The results of experimental studies of the static characteristics of the speed controller of a free turbine of the pump-controller of the HP-3 type, intended for a turboshaft gas turbine engine of the TВ3-117 type, are presented. When conducting acceptance tests of engines on hydraulic brake units, malfunctions are recorded, which manifest themselves as steady fluctuations in the speed of the turbocharger and free turbine rotors in the area of the free turbine regulator. Checking the pump-regulators according to the manufacturer's acceptance test report does not reveal the cause of this malfunction. As a result of the analysis of experimental static characteristics, it was revealed that the actual static characteristics of real regulators are very different from each other even within the acceptable values of the acceptance test protocol and have characteristic features: different values of statism, hysteresis, as well as deviations from linearity - breaks and fractures. Small statism of the regulator (large gain) reduces the margin of stable operation of the automatic control system, which contributes to the development of self-oscillations, and at certain values of the dynamic parameters of the engine, the control process may become unstable. The hysteresis of the static characteristic of the regulator plays an important role in vibration damping. It should be positive, since it is conditiones by the frictional forces in the hydraulic drive of the main metering needle. Therefore, a zero or negative hysteresis of the static characteristic of the regulator indicates a defect in the unit, which is confirmed by a tendency to self-oscillation. Non-linearity of the static characteristic of the regulator can lead to unsatisfactory operation of the automatic control system by the engine. It is shown that the static characteristic of the speed controller of a free turbine is a confirmation of the quality of manufacture or repair of pump-regulators of the HP-3 type during acceptance tests.

The article presents a method of establishing the relationship between combat potential and a given level of combat capabilities of a military formation and the number of its modernized models of armaments and military equipment (AME). The proposed method allows to establish correctly the relationship between combat potential and a given level of combat capabilities of the military formation and the number of its upgraded weapons. This method takes into account the provision of troops with samples of weapons, as well as the peculiarities of combat use of services (branches) of our troops, which is also reflected in possible losses due to enemy influence, as well as due to failures of samples of weapons during combat actions. Proposed method of establishing the relationship between combat potential and a given level of combat capabilities of the military formation and the number of its upgraded models of armaments and military equipment allows to establish correctly the required and sufficient number of weapons to be upgraded to maintain the required level of combat capabilities of the military formation. The method makes it possible to take into account a number of factors. First of all, the provision of military formation with weapons, the features of combat use of our troops, the impact of the enemy, which is reflected in the possible losses of weapons, the technical condition of weapons to be used during combat actions, as well as some other, less important and influential factors. All this distinguishes this method from similar but empirical ones, which are usually based only on the experience of the troops, which necessarily has certain limitations. Prospects for further research are to substantiate proposals to determine the allowable ratio between the number of upgraded and the number of non-upgraded samples of military equipment to ensure a given level of its combat capabilities, taking into account the limitations in the allocated funds for weapons upgrade. Correct determination of the ratio between the number of upgraded and the number of non-upgraded samples of weapons opens the possibility to modernize the samples of weapons of military formation in terms of resource constraints, not only financial but also time limits, human and some others.

У статті розглянуті теоретичні питання формування необхідних і достатніх умов для забезпечення якості інтервальних оцінок досліджуваних стохастичних параметрів і характеристик випробуваних зразків озброєння та військової техніки. Особливістю використання інтервальної оцінки результатів випробування зразків є підтвердження належної якості їх стохастичних параметрів та характеристик в інтервалі від гарантованої розробником імовірності реалізації параметру чи характеристики до максимальної (мінімальної) можливої. За рахунок використання інтервальних оцінок можливе застосування гнучких планів випробування зразків озброєння та військової техніки, які дозволяють певним чином скорочувати обсяг серій натурних дослідів, які забезпечують належну якість одержуваної оцінки. Для практичної реалізації гнучкого плану до задачі масових випробувань зразків озброєння та військової техніки розроблений алгоритм, який підлягає програмній реалізації на мобільному пристрої.

У статті наведено методичний підхід щодо прогнозування строків служби (зберігання) керова-них засобів ураження із заданою достовірністю. При цьому були використані загальні положення методології дослідження складних технічних систем, які зокрема включають проведення декомпозиції об’єкту дослідження на складові частини відповідно до рівня контролепридатності і безпеки застосуван-ня, проведення їх ранжирування щодо впливу на безпеку експлуатації, адаптація моделі надійності з аргументом, що запізнюється для прогнозування у часі кількісних показників якості та формуван-ня довірчих інтервалів на основі правила Клопера-Пірсона.

The aim of the study is to analyze the possibilities of developing a contactless diagnostics system of the technical state of the valve mechanism, which excludes mounting sensors on the body of the diagnosed equipment, by using a directional microphone as a sensitive element. In order to test the proposed hypothesis, a directional microphone designed to measure the level of acoustic noise, sound pressure level and to obtain amplitude-frequency characteristics in the range of 10-10 kHz has been used. In the work, an experimental determination of the spectrum of the valve mechanism acoustic vibration and its comparison with the spectrum obtained from an accelerometer has been carried out; the principle of building an automated diagnostic system using a directional microphone has been formulated.

For a typical low complexity video sequence, the weight of each P-frame in the stream is approximately three times smaller than the I-frame weight. However, taking into account the number of P-frames in the group, they make the main contribution to the total video data amount. Therefore, the possibility of upgrading coding methods for P-frames is considered on preliminary blocks' type identification with the subsequent formation of block code structures. As the correlation coefficient between adjacent frames increases, the compression ratio of the differential-represented frame's binary mask increases. The compression ratio of the differential-represented frame's binary mask varies from 3 to 21 depending on the correlation coefficient between adjacent frames. The most preferable method for constructing the compact representation technology of the binary masks of frames represented in a differential form is the approach. This is based on the identification and description of the lengths of one-dimensional binary series. A binary series is a consecutive binary elements sequence with the same value. In this case, sequences of identical binary elements are replaced by their lengths.

Сьогодні для авіабудування ПрАТ “Дніпроспецсталь” виплавляє більше ста марок сталей і сплавів з особливими експлуатаційними властивостями. Подальший розвиток підприємства та забезпечення конкурентоспроможності цієї та іншої продукції пов’язано з управлінням портфелем енергозберігаючих проектів, спрямованих на виконання таких завдань, як оптимізація енергетичного балансу, мінімізація споживання енергоресурсів, оптимізація енергоефективності та ін. На прикладі ПрАТ “Дніпроспецсталь” розглянуто основні етапи процесу управління ризиками для підприємств оборонно-промислового комплексу України. Акцент зроблено на розробці методів і моделей формування портфеля проектів енергозбереження з урахуванням стратегічних цілей обмеженості ресурсів і ризиків, яка дозволяла б здійснювати багатокритерійний вибір проектів, враховуючи при цьому: різноманітність вирішуваних завдань на металургійних підприємствах; планування реалізації проектів в різному часовому аспекті, що існують між проектами взаємозв'язку і координаційні узгодження, ризики, а також механізми фінансування. Розглянуто організаційні аспекти управління ризиками при реалізації проектів енергозбереження на металургійному підприємстві. В результаті реалізації процесів системи управління ризиками визначено перелік критичних ризиків і їх власників, проведена оцінка причин ризиків, розроблені заходи щодо їх управління. Розглянуто методи аналізу ризиків та невизначеності при управлінні портфелем проектів з використанням методів матриць взаємовпливу, векторного аналізу і багатокритеріальної експертної оцінки сукупного ризику. Практичне застосування такого підходу істотно підвищує можливість вибору найкращого проекту для реалізації з урахуванням сукупного ризику проекту в портфелі. Крім того, це дає можливість визначити і оцінити взаємовплив проектів через зміну сукупних ризиків проектів при їх одночасній реалізації. За допомогою запропонованого підходу і моделей оцінювання ризиків був сформований портфель проектів енергозбереження ПрАТ “Дніпроспецсталь”, куди увійшли перспективні до реалізації проекти у відповідності до енергетичної стратегії.

Проаналізовано основні тенденції розвитку сучасних засобів радіоелектронного подавлення, джерела ненавмисних перешкод приймачам сигналів глобальних навігаційних супутникових систем, приведені основні співвідношення, що дозволяють на основі інформації про параметри навігаційних сигналів розглянути критичні ситуації функціонування навігаційної апаратури і отримати відповідні вимоги щодо допустимого співвідношення сигнал/перешкода на вході приймального пристрою, обґрунтовано основні завдання, архітектуру захищеного модуля системи навігаційного забезпечення, проаналізовано можливості провідних міжнародних та національних підприємств щодо виробництва навігаційної апаратури із заданими характеристиками.

The main issues of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the Armenian-Azerbaijani military conflict and possible ways to combat them with the use of various anti-aircraft missile (artillery) systems to solve certain problems are considered. In addition, the possibilities of using air defense units (AIR) and electronic warfare (EW), the use of various means of reconnaissance, passive location to effectively detect UAVs, combat them and identify the main advantages and disadvantages of UAVs, which depend on the capabilities effective actions of air defense, EW, intelligence. The criterion of efficiency is also defined and the offers on increase of efficiency of management of division of air defense and EW in fight in various conditions of a situation are developed. The complex of existing problems and issues that determine the state of air defense units and their capabilities in the fight against UAVs, necessitated the development of a scientific apparatus that will assess the effectiveness of combat air defense units and identify ways to improve it. In other words, such a device should be used to develop scientifically sound practical recommendations based on objective laws using the latest scientific advances. The main thing is to reveal and reasonably use the mechanisms of manifestation of the laws of air defense units, to develop and creatively apply scientifically based principles of combat organization, management issues and methods of work of commanders and staffs of JI air defense troops using modern technical means. The main requirement in solving air defense tasks is to maintain the combat readiness of air defense units to the extent that it will avoid a sudden strike by enemy air attack means (AML), including UAVs, which are effectively used in various military conflicts and their number is steadily increasing. In such conditions, the timely and effective functioning of air defense means becomes a decisive factor that ensures success in the fight against the aggressor.

The comparative analysis of world experience of determination of maximum possible levels of electromagnetic radiation for the different categories of population with norms and rules which are determinate in Ukraine normative-legal documents is conducted. The row of contradictions in an existent normatively-legal framework, which result in distortions in estimation of really created threats by radar troops units for a population and environment is found. Firstly, the parameters of radar troops objects, which are dangers for military personnel and for population, and have to fall under the passportization are undefined. Secondly, the requirements for maximum possible levels of electromagnetic radiation for radars of radar troops in normative documents are undefined. Thirdly, the uncorrectly concordance of native normative documents of electromagnetic safety with european norms of electromagnetic safety have resulted to nonsense: possible levels of electromagnetic radiation for professional personnel are below of possible levels of electromagnetic radiation for population. The method of determination of maximum possible levels of electromagnetic radiation for radars of radar troops is developed. It is shown, that maximum possible levels must be determined not for all class of radars, and for every type of radar, because the maximum possible levels are depending from technical characteristics of radar. Requirements for maximum possible levels of electromagnetic radiation of main beam of antenna pattern for all types of radars of radar troops are grounded. On the basis of the developed method, the scientifically grounded norms of maximum possible levels of electromagnetic radiation, which radiated by radars of radar troops, for population and for professional personnel are offered.

Effective interaction “flight crew – air traffic manager” is a prerequisite for ensuring flight safety in standard conditions and during flight emergency. The life of air passengers in the sky and the third parties on the ground depends on adequate interaction between the pilot and the ground services. The airspace users exchange information to achieve the optimal solution agree on the approach and principles of decision-making and apply them in practice. Any incident is the quintessence of errors. The investigation of an aviation incident reveals the mistakes that were made at different stages: pilot training, aircraft maintenance, deficiencies in air navigation services and other points. The main task of this process is to increase the efficiency of the Air Navigation System as a whole, while adhering to the equality of interests of individual participants in air navigation services. In this article the models of the Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) by flight crew and air traffic manager in stochastic uncertainty conditions in the form of a decision tree and a GERT network are presented. The example of СDM in flight emergency “Left engine failure (constraint limit temperature system failure) of two - engine aircraft”, is given. For a comprehensive accounting of the factors affecting the CDM process in flight emergency, an adaptive intelligent collaborative decision support system has been built, which makes it possible considering dynamic, static and expert information about the state of the control object (aircraft), the external environment (characteristics of the air traffic control zone and aerodromes) and Air Navigation System’s operators (characteristics of the pilot, air traffic controller). The ICDSS analysis allows us to draw conclusions about the need to create databases of two types. The first group includes databases, which are a stationary data source that is created before the start of ICDSS; to the second - a dynamic data source - databases, which are built by the system itself when processing dynamic information about the aircraft, ATC area, ANS operators and further used by it.

In the article the geodetic ranges values calculating method (on the terrestrial ellipsoid surface) of point azimuth and height, coordinates of which are given in the start coordinate system when solving external ballistics problems is considered. In the known works the basic principles and methods of development of mathematical models of flight a projectile necessary for the decision of various ballistic problems are considered, a considerable quantity of works is devoted to development of mathe-matical models of flight a projectile in air of the Earth under various conditions. The center of the start coordinate system is defined in the geodetic coordinate system by the latitude, longitude and altitude. The problem of converting point coordinates from the start coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system by performing successive transformations from the start coordinate system to a rectangular geocentric coordinate system and then from a rectangular geocentric coordinate system to a geodetic coordinate system is solved. A feature of the coordinates conversion from the start coordinate system to a rectangular geocentric coordinate system is the additional consideration of the vertical line complete deviation components at the start coordinate system start point. The derivation of the coordinate transformation matrix from the starting coordinate system to the rectangular geocentric coordinate system is presented. The analysis of the influence of not taking into account the deviation of the vertical line at the start coordinate system start point on the accuracy of the geodetic distance, azimuth and height of the point values calculations is performed. Graphs of calculation relative errors dependence of geodetic distance, azimuth and height of a point on size of full deviation of a vertical line at a point of the beginning of starting coordinate system are presented. Estimates of calculation absolute errors of geodetic range, azimuth and height of a point are presented. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the components of complete deviation of the vertical line at the start point of the start coordinate system when accurately calculating the values of geodetic range, azimuth and altitude of the point which coordinates are set in the start coordinate system.

Розглянуто технологію сумісного застосування багатоантенних систем MIMO та ортогонального частотного розподілу каналів з мультиплексуванням OFDM для сучасних систем безпроводового звʼязку. Показано ключові варіанти використання MIMO. Проаналізовано переваги та недоліки методу просторової модуляції сигналів (Spatial Modulation, SM). Запропоновано метод мультиплексної просторової модуляції з OFDM для релеївського каналу з частотною селективністю. Проведено порівняльну оцінку спектрально-енергетичної ефективності запропонованого методу, а також класичних методів просторового мультиплексування та SM. Вказано обмеження, при яких метод дає енергетичний виграш та виграш за показником спектральної ефективності. Отриманий результат може бути ефективно використаний у системах безпроводового звʼязку нового покоління з обмеженими частотно-енергетичними ресурсами.

Improving the capabilities of modern technical means of air reconnaissance and weapon guidance, new forms and methods of actions of the air enemy necessitate significant increase in the effectiveness of camouflaging military facilities. In the article, taking into account the features of use of technical means of air reconnaissance and weapon guidance in modern operations (combat actions),the complex of principles for the use of forces and means of camouflage of military facilities is determined. It is based on the basic principles of camouflage, requirements for the use of forces and means of camouflage in operations (combat actions) and additionally takes into account the principles of minimum sufficiency and interoperability. It is shown that in modern conditions the value of the principle of minimum sufficiency is significantly increasing. During camouflage and imitation, it will be necessary to bind not to military targets, but to the means of air attack, the main directions of their actions, the tasks solved by the enemy in the operation (combat actions). The implementation of this principle is possible through more detailed forecasting of the actions of air enemy, high-quality organization of control of forces and means of camouflage and imitation, the creation of extensive network of road, rail, sea and river routes and airfields for timely maneuvering by troops. At the same time, the new principle of interoperability requires the provision of forces and means of camouflage with the necessary information about the actions of air enemy for the simultaneous fulfillment of certain tasks at significant number of military facilities of the strategic, operational and tactical levels, the creation of the necessary conditions for organizing interaction between heterogeneous forces and means of camouflaging military facilities from technical means of air reconnaissance and enemy weapon guidance.

В статті розглянуто застосування квадратичної оптимізації на прикладі задачі розподілу енергоресурсів у системі електропостачання берегових об'єктів від трьох джерел (трьох підстанцій) між чотирма споживачами таким чином, щоб втрати електроенергії в електромережі були мінімальними. Розроблено програму в кодах MATLAB, що дозволяє вирішувати широкий спектр задач розподілу ресурсів: визначення оптимального завантаження суднових дизель-генераторних агрегатів при рівнобіжній роботі; оптимальне завантаження системи електропостачання портів, суднобудівних судноремонтних заводів та ін. Потреба в нових технічних рішеннях визначена необхідністю підвищення економічності суднових енергетичних установок та їх складових елементів. Усунення кризових явищ у вітчизняній транспортній системі полягає у створенні нових моделей та методів управління енергоефективністю, алгоритмів оптимізації й автоматизації суден і суднових технічних засобів, способів побудови систем на основі сучасних технологій енергоефективного машинобудування, розробки алгоритмів для підвищення економічності суднових енергетичних установок та їх елементів шляхом ефективного використання різних видів ресурсів у кожнім рейсі. Серед технічних засобів, що підлягають автоматизації, необхідно виділити суднові енергетичні системи, системи та пристрої суднових електроенергетичних комплексів, засоби управління рухом, вантажними операціями, забезпечення життєдіяльності, засоби автоматизації енергоємних виробничих процесів. Актуальність даної статті полягає в тому, що в результаті отримується модель економії енергоресурсів в системі, синтезуються системи автоматизації та управління енергозабезпечення річкових суден і судном у цілому, реалізуючи ефективні закони управління шляхом оптимізації технологічних процесів на базі принципу найменшої дії з використанням операційних досліджень.

У статті показано зростання ваги застосування автоматизованих систем військового призначення при веденні сучасних воєнних конфліктів збройними силами, що направлене на отримання інформаційної переваги над противником за рахунок використання можливостей єдиного командно-інформаційного простору всіма його користувачами. При застосуванні автоматизованих систем військового призначення як у повсякденній діяльності військ, так і при виконанні ними бойових завдань дуже часто у органів управління є потреба здійснювати поточну оцінку ефективності їх функціонування за основними властивостями, в тому числі і за надійністю функціонування, з метою прийняття ними обґрунтованих рішень щодо необхідності виконання певних заходів для відновлення їх функціонування або порівняння їх між собою для визначення можливостей з автоматизованого управління підпорядкованими об’єктами управління. Представлена методика оцінки ефективності надійності функціонування автоматизованої системи військового призначення, дає можливість органам управління у стислі терміни, застосовуючи простий математичний апарат, здійснювати поточну оцінку надійності її функціонування. Головна відмінність даної методики оцінки ефективності надійності функціонування автоматизованої системи військового призначення від інших полягає в тому, що вона дозволяє відповідним органам управління визначити її ефективність синхронізовано з термінами циклів управління військами та засобами з врахуванням обраного в неї способу управління об’єктами управління. Даний матеріал доцільно використовувати органам управління при здійсненні поточної оцінки надійності функціонування автоматизованих систем військового призначення для вибору шляхів з виконання необхідних заходів щодо поліпшення її надійності функціонування при плануванні застосування відповідних сил та засобів в операції або для здійснення порівняння різних систем між собою за основними їх властивостями.

The article considers the possibility of penetration into the information and communication network of the enterprise, analyzes and simulates the actions of a real violator of information protection contours and profiles on the example of real information infrastructure. This actions included such technics like public data analyzing, phishing attacks, data mining, network monitoring, man-in-the-middle attack, password engaging using brute-force and logic-force combinations, rainbow-tables attacks, backdoor injections, network monitoring etc. That research provides a general, typical procedure for assessing and improving information protection systems by penetration testing and security systems analysis by Gray Box technic. This technic means, that penetration tester knows general information about infrastructure and network working principal plan, schemas, datagrams, other information that could be marked as public information or as non-restricted information and usually has an access to the technical information and documentation archives. The proposed methods of social engineering, vulnerabilities exploitation and software engineering in penetration testing procedure can be use in the development and testing of new information security systems, intrusion detection systems, and intrusion protection systems as well as evaluating the effectiveness and improvement of existing protection systems, security and general software, cloud platforms, enterprise networks and computing systems. The results of this research can be use in the field of information and cyber security, in particular in modern information and communication systems and networks to assess and improve the effectiveness of integrated systems and individual means of information protection in modern Information and Communication Systems and Networks.

Проведено оцінку можливостей апаратури оптико-візуальної розвідки, яка встановлена на космічних, літальних апаратах та наземних засобах щодо виявлення об’єктів. Наведені необхідні для розрахунків вихідні дані по об’єктах та умовах ведення розвідки. Отримано аналітичні вирази для розрахунку відношення сигналу до шуму зображень вихідного й замаскованого об’єктів та їх тіней, ймовірностей виявлення вихідного й замаскованого об’єкту. Розроблено математичний апарат для оцінки ефективності заходів маскування у видимому діапазоні довжин хвиль. Отримані результати можуть використовуватись при розробці нових засобів маскування та оцінці існуючих та перспективних засобів розвідки у видимому діапазоні довжин хвиль.

Розглядаються способи ведення естафетного пошуку в умовах гірсько-лісистої місцевості. Наводяться способи, пов’язані з виявленням противника у смузі пошуку, передаванням естафети пошуку, розпуском та збором пошукових команд, доставленням (виведенням) пошукових команд на рубежі введення у пошук, використанням армійської авіації, протидією вогневим засідкам, з перебудовою бойових порядків, транспортуванням та евакуацією поранених і загиблих, блокуванням противника, з примушенням його до здачі і доставленням його представників до слідчо-оперативної групи.

У роботі запропоновано модель представлення часового процесу функціонування технологічного обладнання повітряного судна на основі аналізу даних параметричної діагностики для виявлення аномальних послідовностей з метою попередження особливих випадків в польоті. Для виявлення аномальних послідовностей пропонується використовувати гібридну стохастичну модель, засновану на об'єднанні марківських і продукційних моделей, що використовують темпоральні правила для уточнення перехідних ймовірностей між станами процесу.

Since none of the technical means of navigation is universal either in terms of the scope of the tasks being solved, or in terms of application in various conditions of the navigation environment, the satisfaction of the growing requirements for the accuracy and reliability of navigation measurements in modern navigation systems is often achieved through optimal processing of excess information by complexing systems. In this case, in the best possible way, the disadvantages of some meters can be compensated for by the advantages of others, without affecting the meters themselves. The paper presents an algorithm for correcting the inertial navigation system of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on integrated navigation based on the processing of optical flow information under mixed noise conditions. This will provide high accuracy in determining navigation parameters, speed of the correction system, small size and cost, as well as autonomy. This method implements a new way of correcting the inertial navigation system based on a developed mathematical model describing the procedures for solving navigation problems: determining the relative coordinates from the satellite navigation system, from the means of optical observation of the terrain (optical flow) based on landmarks on the ground and an inertial measurement system of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The coordinate system is an optoelectronic system, enumerates the obtained relative coordinates using a matrix of direction cosines into a geographic coordinate system; determination of the geographical coordinates of identical points from an electronic map of the area; calculating the current geographic coordinates of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on its relative coordinates and the geographic coordinates of identical points. The solution of the described tasks is carried out by the developed method, the final step of which is the introduction of the current geographical coordinates of the unmanned aerial vehicle into the inertial navigation system for its correction.

Ballistic algorithms for solving ballistic problems, developed on the basis of mathematical models of flight of the projectile, have certain requirements: to have guaranteed accuracy of calculations of values of projectile deflection (compared to accuracy of artillery system, namely: range - 5…20 m, in the direction - 5… 10 m, depending on the firing range). The accuracy of the ballistic problem depends on the completeness of the factors taken into account in the mathematical models of flight projectile, and the accuracy of their models. In the known works the basic principles and methods of development of mathematical models of flight a projectile necessary for the decision of various ballistic problems are considered, a considerable quantity of works is devoted to development of mathematical models of flight a projectile in air of the Earth under various conditions. However, these models take into account a limited number of factors that affect the accuracy of modeling the flight path of the projectile, and can be used to develop ballistic algorithms for automated data preparation systems for artillery system when firing only at short distances. Analysis of recent publications has shown that currently mathematical models of flight the projectile for the development of a ballistic algorithm for solving ballistic problems of long-range nuclear firing is not given, at present there is a need to develop mathematical models of flight the projectile for long-range nuclear. The article considers a mathematical model of the projectile flight path when firing from a long-range artillery system. The main assumptions underlying the model: the Earth - is a rotating ellipsoid; the gravitational field is not central; the air - is stationary spherical; the wind is given by the distribution of speed and azimuth over a standard layer of heights. The basis of the mathematical model of the space flight of the projectile is made up of differential equations according to the form of V.S. Pugachev, which differ from the well-known components of the spatial angle of attack and additional consideration of the components of the acceleration of the center of mass of the projectile, due to the non-sphericity of the Earth model and its daily rotation. The model takes into account all the main factors affecting the flight of an artillery shell rotating relative to the longitudinal axis, as well as the air pressure and temperature at the firing position during the shot. The model allows us to calculate the values of the main parameters of the trajectory, the coordinates of the projectile’s point of incidence in geocentric, geodetic coordinate systems of high position and geodesic range and azimuth.

В статті розроблено модель автоматизованого управління формуванням навичок в операторів складних систем у ході професійної підготовки з застосуванням комп’ютерних тренажерів. Особливість моделі полягає у використані нових параметрів при визначенні керуючих впливів з урахуванням багаторазових повторень вправ, що забезпечує необхідний рівень інформаційної підтримки навчаємого, і підвищує ефективність придбання здатності до самоконтролю якості виконання операцій. Наведена структурна схема даної системи, проведено опис її складових. З’ясовано, що оператор складних систем повинен володіти навичками своєчасного, точного виконання необхідних операцій, спираючись на знання про бажану траєкторію процесу, оцінюючи фактичне протікання процесу, вибираючи з можливих найбільш ефективні дії. Розробка математичних моделей здійснюється з застосуванням теорії ймовірностей, теорії множин, формалізація процесу діяльності оператора складних систем здійснюється за допомогою теорії графів та мереж Петрі.

В статті з’ясовано, що основною тенденцією інформатизації освіти є розвиток інноваційних освітніх процесів на основі використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій дистанційних форм навчання та дистанційних форм підтримки традиційного навчання, заснованих на Інтернет-технологіях. Трансформація системи освіти вимагає нових підходів до побудови організаційних систем підготовки. Виклики та загрози пандемії Сovid-19, що почалася у 2019 році та стосується всіх країн світу, підтверджує актуальність досліджень зі зміни моделей організації підготовки сучасних фахівців. В освіті змінюються підходи до організації процесу навчання шляхом переведення його у віртуальну площину. Це дає значний поштовх моделям та методам дистанційного навчання, змінивши педагогічні прийоми та практики, трансформувавши дидактичні матеріали та висунувши вимоги до організації навчального процесу загалом. Підготовка диспетчерів управління повітряним рухом (УПР) є достатньо складною та вимагає постійного контролю знань та умінь, підтримання практичних навичок та тренування, ефективного планування розкладу занять. Сучасна освіта – це галузь, де присутня значна кількість учасників освітнього процесу. Кожен його учасник ставить перед собою мету: курсант – отримати освітню послугу, здобути фах; навчальний заклад або викладач – надати цю послугу в обмін на інший ресурс. Доведено, що для рішення завдання підвищення ефективності освітнього процесу підготовки диспетчерів УПР необхідно, по-перше, розширити модель організації підготовки та об'єднати всіх учасників освітнього процесу у єдине освітнє середовище, а по-друге, управління процесами у цьому середовищі. В статті удосконалена модель організації підготовки диспетчерів управління повітряним рухом, яка, на відміну від існуючих, ґрунтується на застосуванні мультиагентного підходу до планування підготовки і формуванні онтології навчальних дисциплін та дозволяє підвищити ефективність навчання за рахунок планування занять у відповідності з результатами контролю рівня знань, умінь і навичок диспетчерів УПР. Основними перевагами агенто-орієнтованої моделі організації підготовки диспетчерів УПР є швидка розробка первісного варіанта системи, швидка модифікація діючого варіанта системи, ефективна організація робіт у розподіленій системі.

У статті проведено аналіз захисних властивостей засобів індивідуального броньованого захисту. Досліджується зміна захисного ефекту в залежності від типу патрону на відстані стрільби в межах прямого пострілу. Дано огляд залежності кінетичної енергії та середньої сили удару кулі від відстані стрільби, зроблено висновок, щодо впливу пробивної, клиноподібної, гідродинамічної та забивної спроможності куль різних калібрів. Розглянуто актуальність ураження захищених цілей противника в умовах ведення бойових дій. Досліджено взаємозалежності енергетичних та силових характеристик типових куль вітчизняних та зарубіжних виробників на відстані стрільби зі стрілецької зброї, в межах прямого пострілу, з метою пошуку оптимальної ефективної відстані стрільби по захищених цілях. Оцінено відомі механізми ураження цілі та визначено на якій відстані стрільби домінує той чи інший механізм ураження. Запропоновано для практичного використання класифікацію заброньованого контузійного травмування, яке має місце при певній силі удару, для визначення мінімального часу на відновлення боєздатності ураженої цілі. Результати роботи можуть бути використані при формуванні вимог до правил стрільби по захищених цілях, а також при навчанні у стрільбі зі стрілецької зброї.

To ensure the high-precision location of the navigation system of the rescue equipment delivery vehicle, a method has been developed for forming the decisive function of the correlation-extreme navigation system. It is proposed to use a multichannel correlation-extreme navigation system in which the formation of private decision functions is carried out in a channel corresponding to a given angle of rotation of the reference image according to the brightness and contrast parameter or their combination. To assess the degree of blurring of the current image, a quantitative measure of image quality is determined, its sharpness and contrast are estimated. The conditions under which the maximum coefficient of mutual correlation of the current and reference images are achieved are also determined. During the rotation of the projectile around the longitudinal axis, a mismatch of the current image (CI) with respect to the pre-formed reference image (RI) occurs. The elimination of such a mismatch can be achieved by eliminating distortions caused by blurring of the contours of objects and backgrounds of CI on the surface of sight. To assess the degree of blur, a quantitative measure of image quality is determined. This value is the degree of sharpness. To give an absolute assessment of the image, its sharpness and contrast were evaluated. To achieve the required results, a multi-channel correlation-extreme navigation system is considered as an improved navigation system. The formation of private decision functions takes place in each channel, which corresponds to a given angle of rotation, according to the brightness and contrast parameter. According to the results of studies of statistical modeling using CI on the surface of sight of different quality and background - object composition, the values ​​of the measure of sharpness and the angle of rotation at which it becomes impossible to link are established. In this case, it is necessary to apply the method of restoring the distorted images.

The problem of choosing an aircraft of initial training with the use of the method of hierarchy analysis is considered and solved. The method of analysis of hierarchies (MAI) is a systematic procedure for the hierarchical representation of the elements that define the essence of any problem. MAI consists of three stages: the stage of building a hierarchical model for comparing the elements of the problem; the stage of forming a matrix of pairwise comparisons of elements for each level and determining their local priorities; the stage of determining the global priorities of the elements and choosing the best solution. Proposed as aircraft selection criteria are the flight qualities of the aircraft (suitability for initial flight training), safety, economic performance (aircraft cost, cost of operation and maintenance) and technical support. As an example, three light aircraft of domestic production are considered. The characteristics of aircraft are assessed by experts, the degree of consistency of whose judgments is the consistency index. The average values of the consistency index for random matrices were calculated and the local priorities of the comparison criteria and the global priorities of the HIAT-650, ANG-01 and A-12 aircraft were obtained. According to the results of calculations among the criteria that ensure the selection of the best aircraft, the most important criterion was “summer quality” - 0.60, followed by: criteria “safety” - 0.18, “economic indicators” - 0, 10, “technical support” - 0.04. The best was the A-12 with a global priority of 0.71. The ANG-01 aircraft has the second most important place with a global priority of 0.21. The worst global priority - 0.08, received a HIAT-650 aircraft.