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У статті з позиції судової фармації розглянуто факти отруєння громадян внаслідок незаконного обігу на етапі вживання фальсифікованих алкогольних напоїв. Виявлено загрожуючи масштаби обігу (виробництво, розповсюдження, збут, вживання тощо) цих напоїв для сфери економіки та охорони здоров’я України. Запропоновано законодавчі ініціативи щодо змін у статтях 199 та 204 Кримінального кодексу України відносно посилення кримінальної відповідальності за незаконний обіг (виготовлення, зберігання, облік тощо) з метою збуту та збут цих напоїв і визначено подальші напрямки досліджень щодо медичного страхування постраждалих від алкоголю в ланцюзі правовідносин «лікар-пацієнт-провізор-адвокат»., В статье с позиции судебной фармации изучено факты отравления граждан вследствие незаконного оборота на этапе употребления фальсифицированных алкогольных напитков (ФАН). По результатам исследований выявлено угрожающие масштабы оборота (производства, распространения, сбыта, потребления и т.д.) ФАН для сферы экономики и здравоохранения Украины. Предложены законодательные инициативы относительно изменений в статьях 199 и 204 Уголовного кодекса Украины относительно усиления уголовной ответственности за незаконный оборот (изготовление, хранение, учет и т.д.) с целью сбыта и сбыт ФАН и определены дальнейшие направления исследований по медицинскому страхованию пострадавших от алкоголя в цепи правоотношений «врач-пациент-провизор-адвокат»., Problem setting. Health institutions record facts that people come for treatment with health problems as a result of poisoning by counterfeit alcoholic beverages (CAB), which come to the trading network under the well-known brands that prevents consumers during visual inspection to distinguish them from quality products.Recent research and publications analysis. When conducting forensic and pharmaceutical researches found the presence of causality between abuse by the CAB and deaths due to poisoning with CAB. According to the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, in some regions there is a constant threat of mass poisoning by the CAB because of their low quality and high availability to the public.Paper objective. The aim of the work is to examine the facts of poisoning due to illegal circulation during the use of the CAB from the position of forensic pharmacy for development of the improvement of legal, social and economic methods of proliferation to the CAB.Paper main body. Forensic and pharmaceutical examples of organized criminality members associated with illegal circulation of the CAB indicate that it is through professional actions of the police, investigators, prosecutors and lawyers who stopped criminal activities of members of an organized criminal group in Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava, Kharkiv and Lviv regions. Today in Ukraine due to free circulation of the CAB and low control on the part of prosecutors and relevant services of the national police for the circulation of alcohol products through a commercial network there are not only numerous violations of social and economic rights of citizens to have access to quality and safety alcoholic beverages and to the lack of effective protection mechanism and restoration of their rights through reimbursement for treatment. Therefore, the authors suggested proposals to strengthen criminal responsibility for illegal circulation (at the stages of production, storage, sale, transportation, etc.) with the purpose of sale or sale of the CAB by editing articles 199 and 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.Conclusions of the research. As a result of the forensic and pharmaceutical examination of the facts of poisoning as a result of illegal circulation (use) of the CAB found: ► distribution and circulation of the CAB are detected by the law enforcement agencies throughout Ukraine; ► production scale of the CAB reach tens of tons, which adversely affects the health of the population of the regions where CAB found; ► proposed legislative initiatives regarding changes and amendments in articles 199 and 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine concerning the strengthen of the criminal liability for illegal production and sales of the CAB; ► defined the future direction of research on healthcare insurance affected by the CAB and improving of the relationships in the chain "investigator – prosecutor – criminal – judge – doctor – patient (victim) – pharmacist – lawyer."

Problem setting. Improper performance of professional duties by employees of medical or pharmaceutical industry can happen in any place in the field of healthcare, at any part related to the processes and procedures of treatment due to improper use of drugs, improper treatment can lead to aggravation of the disease and incorrigible consequences for the patient (by forensic and medical assessment criteria: easy, moderate, severe injury or death). Recent research and publication analysis. Compliance with European standards to ensure quality of life and rights of every person, citizen and patient requires measures for rapid study of problems of corruption schemes, forensic and pharmaceutical risks that hinder the development of the health sector and circulation (tender procedures, ensuring preferential contingent reimbursement, development, manufacturing, sourcing, marketing, sales, accounting, etc.) of the medicines of various nomenclature, classification and legal groups. These issues faced in their research activities such scientists as Tatsiy V.J., Gudzenko A.P., Galatsan A.V., Shapovalova V.A., Shapovalov V.V.2Paper objective. To study of forensic and pharmaceutical risks and reasons hindering the smooth pharmacy institutions providing medicines (drugs) for preferential contingent of patients – invalids of the Great Patriotic War (war veteran group 1), the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident of the 2nd category based on the pharmaceutical law as well as higher levels of regional cooperation in legal system of «the doctor (medical officer) – the preferential patient – the pharmacist – the social worker – the civil servant of the executive – forensic doctor – the prosecutor – the judge – the lawyer». Paper main body. The life quality of modern old men, who belong to the category of preferential contingent, and is patient of the 1st group of disabled veterans and liquidators of the Chernobyl depends on many factors, the most important is the level of socio-economic security and current medical and pharmacy service, ensuring the health of privileged categories of citizens is a priority of public policy, both in Ukraine and in Russian Federation and Belarus. In recent years the study of the problem of ill-health and the provision of pharmaceutical services, conflict of interest «doctor-patient» when assigning frequencies for receiving and dispensing drugs, the use of health insurance, payment in carrying of the commercial activities in the provision of medical and pharmaceutical services in healthcare was the subject of numerous studies in Japan, Canada, the EU, Russia, UK, Ukraine and the USA. Declared by the state grace contingent violated, as evidenced by numerous cases that should have criminal defense contingent privileged citizens (patients). The state should contribute to raising the social-economic, financial, medical and pharmaceutical, prosecutors, and legal levels of regional security (protection) concessional of patients with vital medicines that dispensed from the pharmacy network at discounted prescriptions. Conclusion of the research. According to the forensic and pharmaceutical risks studied problem areas that hinder medical supply preferential contingent numerous cases, evidence of violations of the rights of the patient, who declared the state must have a criminal defense contingent privileged citizens. The government3should raise the socio-economic, financial, medical, pharmaceutical and criminal level to ensure favorable patient with essential drugs that dispense from the pharmacy network at discounted prescriptions. Studying the experience of the EU countries, USA, Canada and others concerning the inadequate provision of medical care (medical errors) requires the need for extensive research. To summarize the problems and improving the coordination of work on the scientific and practical research problems and eliminate the causes and conditions that contribute to ill health and the provision of pharmaceutical care (medical errors) and thereby improve the relationships in the chain «doctor – patient – pharmacist – social worker – state official authorities – forensic doctor – prosecutor – judge – advocate». Proved the necessity of an appeal to the Supreme council of Ukraine on making appropriate amendments to the art. 140 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as deterrence element of criminal activities in the field of non-performance or improper performance of medical, pharmaceutical or social worker, civil servant or executive bodies of his professional duties as a result of negligent or unfair to them. Making these changes and additions will raise the level of responsibility on the part of social workers and government officials of the executive authorities responsible for funding programs for preferential contingent of citizens and improve legal aid mechanisms grace the bulk of patients in all regions of Ukraine., Рассмотрены судебно-фармацевтические риски, которые мешают безпрепятственному обеспечению лекарственными средствами льготного контингента пациентов, и ненадлежащее выполнение медицинскими и фармацевтическими работниками своих профессиональных обязанностей. Исследование проводилось на примере льготного пациента – инвалида Великой Отечественной войны І группы, ликвидатора аварии на ЧАЭС 2 группы в сопоставлении с опытом стран Европейского союза, США и России, Досліджено судово-фармацевтичні ризики, що заважають безперешкодному забезпеченню лікарськими засобами пільгового контингенту пацієнтів та неналежне виконання медичними та фармацевтичними працівниками своїх професійних обов’язків. Дослідження проводилося на прикладі пільгового пацієнта – інваліда Великої Вітчизняної війни І групи, ліквідатора аварії на ЧАЕС 2 категорії в порівнянні з досвідом країн-членів Європейського Союзу, США та Росії.

Strengthening recent years the legal and public control of medical activities do not disregard the legal regulation of medical law as an institution of medical information as well as questions of law in violation of the rights of a citizen guaranteed to preserve secret information ascribed to medical confidentiality, persons committed to bound to respect it. The purpose of this study was dividing of medical and legal features of the use of the concept of "medical secret" in the practice and regulations. The modern concept of medical confidentiality was recorded in the International Code of Medical Ethics, which has existed since 1949, and in Ukraine - Oath physician, approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine № 349 of June 15, 1992 year. Feature medical information that distinguishes the institution from other concepts of ethics, is that the safety of medical confidentiality is guaranteed in law. Today its protection legislation provided by the establishment of certain prohibitions and legal responsibility for its disclosure. Therefore, there are rules for the use of this information that secured in laws of Ukraine "Fundamentals of Ukraine on Health Care", "On Information", Civil and Criminal Codes. Disclosure of information that is of medical confidentiality, without consent is lawful if: for the purposes of examination and treatment of a citizen who is unable to because of his condition to express their will; the threat of the spread of infectious diseases, mass poisonings and damage; at the request of the inquiry and investigation, the prosecutor and the court in connection with the investigation or trial; when assisting a minor under the age of 14 years to inform his parents or legal representatives; if there are reasons that suggest that the injury caused to the citizen as a result of unlawful acts; in the interests of national security, economic prosperity and human rights; in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety; medical examination at brides who are obliged to inform each other about their health; in the case of dismissal of a patient with active tuberculosis of the penitentiary system in order to make this body Health released the selected place of residence; in the case of HIV infection in minor under 18, as well as those found in the manner prescribed by law incapable to notify the parents or legal representatives of these persons; with address of the victim of an accident without a referral company reported the company (which employs a victim) or the place of the accident with a person self-employed. Thus, knowledge of doctors and lawyers specifics about the ethical and legal aspects of the issue of preservation of medical confidentiality is extremely important. Breach medical confidentiality reasons, we think first of all is ignorance of the law and a lack of understanding the harm that can be inflicted, violating the principle of confidentiality., Рассмотрены проблемные вопросы института врачебной тайны в Украине, которые обусловлены медицинскими, этическими и правовыми факторами. Раскрыта особенность врачебной тайны, что отличает этот институт от других понятий деонтологии и других видов тайн. Установлено, что врачебная тайна, будучи личной тайной, доверенной врачу, является профессиональной тайной, что относит ее к правовым понятиям и гарантируется законодательно, так же, как и законодательно обеспечивается путем установления определенных запретов и юридической ответственности за ее разглашение., Розглянуто проблемні питання інституту лікарської таємниці в Україні, зумовлені в тому числі медичними, етичними та правовими факторами. Розкрито особливість лікарської таємниці, що відрізняє цей інститут від інших понять деонтології та інших видів таємниць. З’ясовано, що лікарська таємниця є особистою таємницею, яка довірена лікарю та належить до професійних таємниць, що відносить її до правових понять і гарантується законодавчо, так само, як і законодавчо забезпечується шляхом встановлення певних заборон та юридичної відповідальності за її розголошення

The results of the study of factors that affect the criminogenic and narcotical situation in the regions of Ukraine were given. The connection between the level of the patient’s health and his ability to commit the offense, namely, the lower his health level (psychological, mental, substance abuse), the greater the likelihood that a person commits an offense., Приведены результаты изучения факторов, которые влияют на наркокриминогенную ситуацию в регионах Украины. Установлена связь между уровенем здоровья пациента и его способностью к совершению правонарушения, а именно чем нижу уровень здоровья (психологического, психического, наркологического), тем больше вероятность того, что данное лицо совершит правонарушение., Розглянуто результати вивчення факторів, які впливають на наркокріміногенную ситуацію в регіонах України. Встановлено зв’язок між рівень здоров’я пацієнта і його здатністю до вчинення правопорушення, а саме ніж ніжу рівень здоров’я (психологічного, психічного, наркологічного), тим більша ймовірність того, що дана особа вчинить правопорушення.