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Purpose To analyze the success and complication rates and factors associated with technical failure of the ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous thrombin injection of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms caused by vascular access. Materials and Methods Records of 30 patients with post-catheterization femoral artery pseudoaneurysms who had been treated with US-guided percutaneous thrombin injections in the department of radiology between March 2009 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The lesion was diagnosed based on US or contrast-enhanced CT. The characteristics of the patients and their lesions were analyzed. Results The mean patient age was 67.8 years. The mean diameter of the pseudoaneurysmal sac was 20.88 mm (5–40 mm). Twenty patients (66.6%) obtained complete thrombosis after the primary injection, while 10 patients (33.3%) obtained partial thrombosis. The number of patients with a low platelet count (< 130 k/μL) was significantly higher in the partial thrombosis group than in the complete thrombosis group (p = 0.02). No substantial procedure-related complications were found in any patient. Conclusion The US-guided percutaneous thrombin injection is considered an initial treatment option for pseudoaneurysms caused by vascular access because of its safety and efficacy.

Purpose To evaluate the mid- and long-term outcomes of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertion in patients with underlying deep vein thrombosis for prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism, based on a single center experience. Materials and Methods A total of 166 IVC filter insertion procedures in 160 patients, between February 2004 and December 2014, were retrospectively reviewed. Severity of deep vein thrombosis, indwelling time of the IVC filter, retrieval rate, and complication rate depending on the type of IVC filter were analyzed based on the patients' radiologic findings and medical records. Results IVC filter insertion procedures were successfully performed in all patients. Among the 99 attempts at filter retrieval, 91 trials succeeded (91.9%, 91/99) and 8 trials failed. Indwelling time of the IVC filter showed a positive correlation with failure of filter retrieval (p = 0.01). There was no procedure-related complication after all IVC filter insertion procedures. Eight delayed complications (5.0%, 8/160 patients with IVC filter insertion) were observed [caval thrombosis below the IVC filter (n = 7) and IVC penetration (n = 1)]. Günther Tulip filter was associated with a significant incidence of complication (p = 0.036). Conclusion IVC filter insertion in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis for prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism can be regarded as a safe treatment modality with an acceptable complication rate.

Purpose To determine the efficacy of embolization with super-selective catheterization of the internal iliac arterial branches to treat heavily injured trauma patients with pelvic arterial bleeding. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed using the medical records of 37 patients who underwent trans-arterial embolization for trauma-associated pelvic arterial hemorrhage in a regional trauma center between July 2010 and July 2013. In each patient, hemodynamic stability, embolization level, elapsed time for trans-arterial embolization, clinical outcome and embolization-related complications were evaluated. Comparison of elapsed time, and presence of complication was done according to embolization level. Results Transarterial embolization was conducted in 37 patients. Hemodynamic stability of each patient was classified into hemodynamic stable (n = 9), and unstable (n = 28). Twenty-nine of 37 patients underwent embolization after super-selective catheterization of more than 2nd order branch of internal iliac artery with a microcatheter, and 8 patients underwent proximal internal iliac artery embolization without super-selective catheterization. The mean elapsed procedure time for super-selective embolization (34.76 ± 20.0 minutes) was not significantly longer than proximal internal iliac artery embolization (33.87 ± 16.73 minutes, p = 0.215). Conclusion Pelvic arterial embolization with super-selective catheterization is a safe and feasible treatment for heavily injured patients with trauma-associated pelvic arterial bleeding.

Purpose To evaluate the technical success and complication rates of tunneled-cuffed catheter insertions radiologically placed via the internal jugular vein in patients with different types of underlying diseases. Materials and Methods A total of 2153 tunneled-cuffed catheter insertions performed in 1926 patients between January 2008 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. All procedures were conducted using sonography and fluoroscopy. The number of catheter maintenance days, technical success rates, and complication rates were analyzed based on radiologic and medical records. Results A total of 204809 catheter maintenance days (mean, 95.35 days; range, 0-1710 days) were recorded. Technical success was achieved in 2148 insertions (99.77%). A total of 185 complications (8.61%, 0.903/1000 catheter days) were observed, including 22 procedure-related complications (1.02%). A total of 143 catheters (6.66%) were removed due to complications. Significant differences in complication rates were observed between patients with or without underlying hematologic diseases (11.65% vs. 7.02%, respectively; p = 0.000). Significant differences in catheter thrombosis were observed between patients in which right-sided or left-sided venous approaches were used (0.81% vs. 2.70%, respectively; p = 0.010). Conclusion The very high technical success rates and very low procedure-related complication rates indicate insertion of a tunneled-cuffed catheter radiologically placed via the internal jugular vein is safe and effective.