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Objective: To explore the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their relationship., Methods: The expression of HIF-1alphaand VEGF was examined in 42 patients with renal cell carcinoma by SABC methods of immunohistochemistry., Results: The positivity rate of HIF-1alpha was 57.1% in the RCC tissues, and there was no expression in the tissue adjacent to the tumor and normal tissues. The positivity rate of VEGF was 61.9% in the tumor tissues, with significant difference from the control tissues (P<0.05). The expression levels of HIF-1alpha and VEGF were significantly higher in metastatic RCC than in non-metastatic RCC (P<0.01) tissues, and there was a significant correlation between HIF-1alpha and VEGF expressions (Kappa=0.41, P<0.01)., Conclusions: HIF-1alpha is highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma tissues in close correlation with VEGF. HIF-1alpha and VEGF may serve as important indicators to evaluate the biological behaviors of RCC such as metastasis and prognosis. HIF-1alpha is an important regulator of VEGF.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of nephron-sparing surgery in patients with early-stage small renal cell carcinoma., Methods: Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma including 1 with solitary kidney, 3 with unilateral tumor and contralateral renal compromise, and 17 with unilateral tumor and normal contralateral kidney. The diameter of the tumors ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm, with a mean of 2.8 cm. The tumor diameter in 17 patients with normal contralateral kidney was less than 4 cm (mean 2.5 cm) and the average diameter in 4 patients with contralateral renal compromise was 4.2 cm. Sixteen cases were in stage T(1), 4 in stage T(2), and 1 in stage T(3). Of the 21 patients, 4 underwent tumor enucleation, 10 polar nephrectomy and 7 wedge resection., Results: All patients were followed up for an average of 40.8 months (7 to 66 months). One patient suffered a right lung and mediastinum metastasis 3 years after the surgery later and 1 with chronic glomerulonephritis required dialysis 27 months after the operation. No surgical complication or local recurrence were found in other patients., Conclusion: As a safe and effective therapy for early-stage small renal cell carcinoma, nephron-sparing surgery can be considered as the gold-standard therapy for patients with lesions less than 4 cm in T(1) and T(2) stages of localized unilateral tumor with normal contralateral kidney.

Objective: To review our experience with the treatment of posterior urethral stricture., Method: A elaborated retrospective analysis of the treatment of 13 cases of posterior urethral stricture was conducted with the typical cases., Result: Good therapeutic results were achieved in these cases after treatment with cryoablation, electrotome or open surgery., Conclusion: Proper initial treatment, adequate surgical approach, anti-infection measures and postoperative urethral dilatation are the key elements in successful treatment of posterior urethral stricture.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic approaches and values of the imaging modalities for traumatic renal injuries., Methods: The clinical records of 74 cases of renal trauma treated in Nanfang Hospital were retrospectively reviewed to assess the diagnostic value of intravenous urography (IVU), type B ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT)., Results: The positivity rates by IVU, type B ultrasonography, and CT were 89% (43/49), 80% (55/68) and 100% (51/51) respectively for the diagnosis of renal trauma., Conclusion: IVU is rapid and convenient, ultrasonography less costly and invasive, and CT accurate for diagnosis of renal traumas.

Objective: To investigate the relation of dendritic cell (DC) infiltration to the prognosis and lymph node metastasis of renal cell carcinoma., Method: The tissue specimens were obtained from 69 patients with renal cell carcinomas, who were treated surgically from 1994 to 2000 in our hospital and followed up for over 2 years. ABC immunohistochemical method using S-100 protein antibody was employed to examine the tumor tissues and the DCs was counted., Results: The patients showing no signs of tumor recurrence within 2 years postoperatively had significantly greater number of S-100(+) DCs in the tumor tissues than that of patients with recurrence in 2 years (61.3 +/- 14.7/mm(2) vs 31.4 +/- 11.6/mm(2)). The number of S-100(+) DCs of the group with lymph node metastasis was much lower than that of the group without the metastasis (28.8 +/- 10.4/mm(2) vs 62.6 +/- 13.5/mm(2))., Conclusion: The density of DC infiltration is closely related to the prognosis and lymph node metastasis, which may be used as a good indicator for prognostic assessment of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of comprehensive therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis., Methods: Comprehensive therapy was prescribed for 52 cases of chronic bacterial prostatitis during June, 2000 to June, 2001, and summaries and analysis of the cases were conducted., Results: Of the 52 cases, 27 (51.9%) were cured and 21 (40.4%) had improvement, while 4 (7.7%) did not respond to the treatment., Conclusion: Comprehensive therapy may produce satisfactory effects in treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis.