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Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is based on the routing algorithm which adapts the random changes that may occur in the network topology. MANET is the network with the number of mobile nodes that communicates with one another without any centralized infrastructure. A MANET has a self-organizing property due to which every mobile node gets in connect with each other by wireless links, which follows a random topology. Due to this the wireless ad-hoc network is not secure from the attacks of the malicious nodes. This paper presents the literature review of the routing protocols like AODV, DSR and etc. The paper also presents different layers attacks behavior and countermeasures against those attacks like Blackhole attack, Wormhole attack, Greyhole attack and etc.

Mobile Ad-hoc Network is a network in which mobile nodes communicate with each other by the help of wireless links and mobile nodes can move randomly in a network without any centralized management system. As MANET is a wireless network, security is a major concern and different type of attacks can manipulate the data/info that are transmitted from the source node to destination node in the network. This paper presents the literature review of DSR routing protocol and previously proposed approaches that plays a major role for enhancing the performance of DSR routing protocol. The paper introduces a hashing technique that will enhance the security of DSR routing protocol in mobile ad-hoc network.

The Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes. These nodes can setup and configured automatically without involvement of user. In MANET each node can move independently. Routing is the main issue because the topology in the MANET changed very fast. Due to power constraint the transmission process is multi hop in nature. Various security attacks can affect the throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio of AODV and DSR routing protocols. Wormhole is such type of attack. In wormhole attack the misbehaving node captures the packets from one point and tunnels them to another misbehaving node at another point which replays them locally. In this paper the comparative performance analysis of AODV and DSR routing protocols under wormhole attack in Mobile Ad-Hock network is carried out by changing nodes speed on the basis of average end to end delay and throughput with the help of QualNet 5.0.2 simulator.

Wireless sensor network is collection of tiny sensor nodes; those are homogeneous and heterogeneous types. Power consumption is the critical issue in the sensor network because battery has limited power and nodes deployment process is also consumed much energy; it is crucially impact on the lifetime of the network. A Grid Based Clustering with Spanning Tree Routing (GCSTR) approach is proposed to improve the lifetime of the network for WSN. A minimum energy consumed spanning tree is constructed on the Cluster Head (CH) of clusters. Cluster heads act as node of a spanning tree. All CHs report to the sink, along specific path i.e. edges of spanning tree. Whenever evaluate the number of inter transmission and intra transmission before construct the spanning tree over CHs then calculate the lifetime of the network. Simulation Result vigorously effect on the lifetime of network as compared LEACH and OCR. Simulation has been done with the respect to energy consumption; lifetime of the network over the number of rounds and packets transmits to the sink.

Wireless Sensor Network is the set of homogeneous or heterogeneous sensor nodes; those can sense the data from different sensing areas of the network. There are different routing protocols exist for find the efficient route to transmits the data from source to destination. The performance of the routing protocols depends of the various factors in the network like packets size, types of signals, movement of nodes (mobility model), data transmission rate, power consuming rate and types of topologies or network architecture. The consuming of battery power is the serious issue for the performance of routing protocols in the network, in term of lifetime of the network and packets delivery ratio as well. Initially, that is considered different routing protocols with different topologies and also considered mobility model like Random way point mobility and group based mobility for the analysis then evaluate the performance. Mobility model highly impact on the performance of routing protocols and lifetime of the network because movement of the nodes consumed more energy than stationary nodes. That routing protocol namely as AODV routing protocol performed without relay point architecture. In this paper, evaluate the performance of AODV protocol with star topology using different mobility models. Performance analysis and evaluation has been done on the different metrics like jitter, throughput, packets dropped, End to End delay, energy consumption in different processing modes and percentage of time consumed in different processing modes. Simulation has been done on the QualNET 5.0; the analysis shows variation in the performance on different metrics.