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In this paper, an overlapping fan-shaped laser ship navigation system is designed. The system uses red and green lasers to form a fan-shaped safety zone for safe navigation. In order to verify the scientific and rationality of the method, some experiments on laser physics were carried out, including the maximum visible distance of the laser, the sharpness of the laser boundary, and the identifiability of the laser in a complex light environment.On this basis, a laser navigation prototype system was established and a series of ship navigation experiments were carried out on the system.The experimental results show that the overlapping fan-shaped laser navigation system is easy to operate, has high sensitivity, and has a good effect on long-channel navigation, but the method cannot be applied to the entire channel. In addition, lasers can increase navigation distances in poor visibility weather compared to traditional visual navigation methods.