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Based on the working principle of the artillery impact loading test rig, in order to make the impact load on the tested artillery in the simulation test more in line with the load requirements, a buffer is designed and installed between the impulse generator and the tested artillery. Through the buffer, the shock load between the two structures is avoided, and the load transferred to the recoil part is closer to the resultant force produced by propellant gas. According to the requirement of dynamic recoil simulation test of gun, a permanent magnet eddy current buffer structure with Halbach array is proposed in this paper. For resistance calculating of the permanent magnet eddy current recoil mechanism, a mathematical model is then formulated by using the finite element analysis method for two-dimensional axisymmetric transient electromagnetic. By comparing the simulation results with the actual firing test data, it is concluded that the recoil motion of the gun tested in the shock loading test is consistent with the real firing recoil motion trend and the error meets the design requirements.