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ABSTRACT Metastatic gastric cancer traditionally hinders surgical treatment options, confining them to palliative procedures. The presence of metastases in these tumors is classified as M1, irrespective of their characteristics, quantity, or location. However, oligometastatic disease emerged as an intermediate state between localized and widely disseminated cancer. It exhibits diverse patterns based on metastatic disease extent, type, and location. Adequately addressing this distinctive metastatic state necessitates tailored strategies that surpass the realm of palliative care. Differentprimary tumor types present discernible scenarios of oligometastatic disease, including preferred sites of occurrence and chronological progression. Due to the novelty of this theme and the heterogeneity of the disease, uncertainties still exist, and the ability to provide confident guidelines is challenging. Currently, there are no effective predictors to determine the response and provide clear indications for surgical interventions and systemic treatments in oligometastatic disease. Treatment decisions are commonly based on apparent disease control by systemic therapies, with a short observation period and imaging assessments. Nonetheless, the inherent risk of misinterpretation remains a constant concern. The emergence of novel technologies and therapeutic modalities, such as immunotherapy, cellular therapy, and adoptive therapies, holds the potential to reshape the landscape of surgical treatment for the oligometastatic disease in gastric cancer, expanding the surgeon’s role in this multidisciplinary approach. Prospective tools for patient selection in oligometastatic gastric cancer are being explored. Using non-invasive, cost-effective, widely available imaging techniques that provide real-time information may revolutionize medical practice, ensuring precision medicine accessibility, even in resource-constrained small healthcare facilities. Incorporating molecular classifications, liquid biopsies, and radiomic analysis in a complementary protocol will augment patient selection precision for surgical intervention in oligometastasis. Hopefully, these advancements will render surgeries unnecessary in many cases by providing highly effective alternative treatments.

ABSTRACT Background : The II Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer of the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association BGCA (Part 1) was recently published. On this occasion, countless specialists working in the treatment of this disease expressed their opinion in the face of the statements presented. Aim : To present the BGCA Guidelines (Part 2) regarding indications for surgical treatment, operative techniques, extension of resection and multimodal treatment. Methods: To formulate these guidelines, the authors carried out an extensive and current review regarding each declaration present in the II Consensus, using the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases initially with the following descriptors: gastric cancer, gastrectomy, lymphadenectomy, multimodal treatment. In addition, each statement was classified according to the level of evidence and degree of recommendation. Results : Of the 43 statements present in this study, 11 (25,6%) were classified with level of evidence A, 20 (46,5%) B and 12 (27,9%) C. Regarding the degree of recommendation, 18 (41,9%) statements obtained grade of recommendation 1, 14 (32,6%) 2a, 10 (23,3%) 2b e one (2,3%) 3. Conclusion : The guidelines complement of the guidelines presented here allows surgeons and oncologists who work to combat gastric cancer to offer the best possible treatment, according to the local conditions available.

ABSTRACT Background: The II Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer by the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association (ABCG) was recently published. On this occasion, several experts in gastric cancer expressed their opinion before the statements presented. Aim: To present the ABCG Guidelines (part 1) regarding the diagnosis, staging, endoscopic treatment and follow-up of gastric cancer patients. Methods: To forge these Guidelines, the authors carried out an extensive and current review regarding each statement present in the II Consensus, using the Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases with the following descriptors: gastric cancer, staging, endoscopic treatment and follow-up. In addition, each statement was classified according to the level of evidence and degree of recommendation. Results: Of the 24 statements, two (8.3%) were classified with level of evidence A, 11 (45.8%) with B and 11 (45.8%) with C. As for the degree of recommendation, six (25%) statements obtained grade of recommendation 1, nine (37.5%) recommendation 2a, six (25%) 2b and three (12.5%) grade 3. Conclusion: The guidelines presented here are intended to assist professionals working in the fight against gastric cancer with relevant and current information, granting them to be applied in the daily medical practice.

ABSTRACT Background: Since the publication of the first Brazilian Consensus on Gastric Cancer (GC) in 2012 carried out by the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association, new concepts on diagnosis, staging, treatment and follow-up have been incorporated. Aim: This new consensus is to promote an update to professionals working in the fight against GC and to provide guidelines for the management of patients with this condition. Methods: Fifty-nine experts answered 67 statements regarding the diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis of GC with five possible alternatives: 1) fully agree; 2) partially agree; 3) undecided; 4) disagree and 5) strongly disagree A consensus was adopted when at least 80% of the sum of the answers “fully agree” and “partially agree” was reached. This article presents only the responses of the participating experts. Comments on each statement, as well as a literature review, will be presented in future publications. Results: Of the 67 statements, there was consensus in 50 (74%). In 10 declarations, there was 100% agreement. Conclusion: The gastric cancer treatment has evolved considerably in recent years. This consensus gathers consolidated principles in the last decades, new knowledge acquired recently, as well as promising perspectives on the management of this disease.

A neoplasia gástrica é doença heterogênea e multifatorial, com incidência e mortalidade variando geograficamente. Aproximadamente 60% dos diagnósticos em pacientes de países ocidentais ocorrem nos estádios III ou IV. Nestes doentes, o melhor tratamento consiste na realização de procedimento cirúrgico. OBJETIVO: Identificar os aspectos epidemiológicos de pacientes diagnosticados com adenocarcinoma gástrico T4b. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo, de fonte secundária, dos pacientes diagnosticados com adenocarcinoma gástrico T4b através de estadiamento patológico. Foram analisados 815 prontuários, sendo 27 pacientes estudados. As variáveis investigadas foram: aspectos demográficos, principais queixas, fatores de risco, acesso ao serviço de saúde, aspectos cirúrgicos, morbidade, mortalidade e sobrevida. RESULTADOS: Vinte e dois eram homens (81,5%) e cinco mulheres (18,5%) com idade variando de 38 a 87 e média de 58,78 anos. O tempo de acesso ao serviço, em meses, variou de 1 a 120, com média de 12,5. Os sinais e sintomas mais prevalentes foram: perda de peso 23 (85,2%), epigastralgia 22 (81,5%), vômitos 16 (59,3%) e plenitude gástrica 12 (44,4%). A frequência de acometimento das estruturas adjacentes foi: pâncreas oito (29,6%), fígado sete (25,9%), cólon transverso seis (22,2%), intestino delgado seis (22,2%), mesocólon três (11,1%), baço um (3,7%) e vesícula biliar um (3,7%). Morbidades pós-operatórias ocorreram em 51,85% dos pacientes. Houve associação significativa entre mortalidade cirúrgica e ocorrência de fístula/deiscência, choque séptico e sangramento. A sobrevida ao final de seis meses foi de 63,27%. CONCLUSÃO: A média do tempo entre início dos sintomas e acesso ao serviço de saúde especializado foi elevada. Mais da metade dos pacientes apresentaram morbidades pós-operatórias. Os pacientes que apresentaram fístula/deiscência, sangramentos e choque séptico tiveram associação significativa com mortalidade cirúrgica. A sobrevida ao final de seis meses foi de 63,27%.