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Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), a group of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), hold promise as building blocks in electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption/shielding materials and devices. In this contribution, we propose a facile strategy to synthesis three dimensional ZIF-67-based hierarchical heterostructures through coordinated reacting a preceramic component, poly(dimethylsilylene)diacetylenes (PDSDA) with ZIF-67, following by carbonizing the PDSDA wrapped ZIF at high temperature. The introduction of PDSDA leads to a controllable generation of surface network containing branched carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) and regional distributed graphitic carbons, in addition to the nanostructures with well-defined size and mesoporous surface made by cobalt nanoparticles. The surface structures can be tailored through variations in pyrolysis temperatures, therefore providing a simple and robust route to form highly structural surface on ZIF-based nanostructures. The heterostructure of nanocomplex allows the existence of dielectric loss and magnetic loss, therefore, yielding a significant improvement on EM wave absorption with a minimum reflection coefficition (RCmin) of -50.9 dB at 17.0 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) covering the Ku band (12.0 GHz to 18.0 GHz).