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Silver nanowire mesh electrodes represent a possible mass-manufacturable route toward transparent and flexible electrodes for plastic-based electronics such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and others. Here we describe a route that is based upon spray-coated silver nanowire meshes on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets that are treated with a straightforward combination of heat and pressure to generate electrodes that have low sheet resistance, good optical transmission, that are topologically flat, and adhere well to the PET substrate. The silver nanowire meshes were prepared by spray-coating a solution of silver nanowires onto PET, in air at slightly elevated temperatures. The as-prepared silver nanowire electrodes are highly resistive due to the poor contact between the individual silver nanowires. Light pressure applied with a stainless steel rod, rolled over the as-sprayed silver nanowire meshes on PET with a speed of 10 cm s-1 and a pressure of 50 psi, results in silver nanowire mesh arrays with sheet resistances of less than 20 Ω/□. Bending of these rolled nanowire meshes on PET with different radii of curvature, from 50 to 0.625 mm, showed no degradation of the conductivity of the electrodes, as shown by the constant sheet resistance before and after bending. Repeated bending (100 times) around a rod with a radius of curvature of 1 mm also showed no increase in the sheet resistance, demonstrating good adherence and no signs of delamination of the nanowire mesh array. The diffuse and direct transmittance of the silver nanowires (both rolled and as-sprayed) was measured for wavelengths from 350 to 1200 nm, and the diffuse transmission was similar to that of the PET substrate; the direct transmission decreases by about 7-8%. The silver nanowires were then incorporated into OPV devices with the following architecture: transparent electrode/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PC61BM/LiF/Al. While slightly lower in efficiency than the standard indium tin oxide substrate (ITO), the rolled silver nanowire electrodes had a very good device yield, showing that short circuits resulting from the silver nanowire electrodes can be successfully avoided by this rolling approach. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

The light-emitting efficiency of luminescent materials is invariably compromised on moving to the red and near-infrared regions of the spectrum due to the transfer of electronic excited-state energy into vibrations. We describe how this undesirable "energy gap law" can be sidestepped for phosphorescent organometallic emitters through the design of a molecular emitter that incorporates two platinum(II) centers. The dinuclear cyclometallated complex of a substituted 4,6-bis(2-thienyl)pyrimidine emits very brightly in the red region of the spectrum (λ max = 610 nm, Î= 0.85 in deoxygenated CH 2 Cl 2 at 300 K). The lowest-energy absorption band is extraordinarily intense for a cyclometallated metal complex: At λ = 500 nm, Îμ = 53 800 M -1 cm -1 . The very high efficiency of emission achieved can be traced to an unusually high rate constant for the T 1 â†' S 0 phosphorescence process, allowing it to compete effectively with nonradiative vibrational decay. The high radiative rate constant correlates with an unusually large zero-field splitting of the triplet state, which is estimated to be 40 cm -1 by means of variableerature time-resolved spectroscopy over the range 1.7 < T < 120 K. The compound has been successfully tested as a red phosphor in an organic light-emitting diode prepared by solution processing. The results highlight a potentially attractive way to develop highly efficient red and NIR-emitting devices through the use of multinuclear complexes. © 2019 American Chemical Society.