1. Identification of the nanogold particle-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by omic techniques and systems biology analysis
- Author
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Li-Te Chin, Shan-Wen Tan, Cheng-Yuh Tsai, Ai-Ling Hour, Ya-Li Chao, Han-Min Chen, Yeong-Der Yao, Hao-Yu Wu, Yao-Jen Liang, Kuang-Yu Hu, Shiu-Huey Chou, Chi-Shun Tu, Yi-Huei Huang, and Yen-Yin Tsai
- Subjects
Proteome ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Systems Biology ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Mitochondrion ,Biology ,Proteomics ,Endoplasmic Reticulum ,Cell biology ,Transcriptome ,Oxidative Stress ,Materials Testing ,Unfolded protein response ,Protein microarray ,Humans ,Nanoparticles ,General Materials Science ,Gold ,K562 Cells ,K562 cells - Abstract
Growth inhibition and apoptotic/necrotic phenotype was observed in nanogold particle (AuNP)-treated human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. To elucidate the underlying cellular mechanisms, proteomic techniques including two-dimensional electrophoresis/mass spectrometry and protein microarrays were utilized to study the differentially expressed proteome and phosphoproteome, respectively. Systems biology analysis of the proteomic data revealed that unfolded protein-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response was the predominant event. Concomitant with transcriptomic analysis using mRNA expression, microarrays show ER stress response in the AuNP-treated cells. The ER stress protein markers' expression assay unveiled AuNPs as an efficient cellular ER stress elicitor. Upon ER stress, cellular responses, including reactive oxygen species increase, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and mitochondria damage, chronologically occurred in the AuNP-treated cells. Conclusively, this study demonstrates that AuNPs cause cell death through induction of unmanageable ER stress.
- Published
- 2011