Search

The effect of systematic and continuous environmental factors on 4% fat corrected milk (FCM) yield in 2805 Simmental cows over whole and standard lactations was evaluated using the general linear model. The test systematic or fixed factors included the effect of farm or breeding area, calving season, year of birth, season of birth, lactation group and interactions between year of birth and season of birth, breeding area and calving season, and breeding area and lactation group. The continuous factor analysed was the effect of age at first conception. The effect of breeding area, lactation group and calving season on 4%FCM yield over whole and standard lactations was found to be very highly significant (P lt 0.001). The interactions of fixed i.e. systematic factors involved in the model, including those between year and season of birth, breeding area and calving season, and farm and lactation group had a very highly significant effect (P lt 0.001) on 4% FCM yield over both whole and standard lactations. The age at first conception, as a continuous factor, showed a very highly significant effect (P lt 0.001) on 4% FCM yield over both whole and standard lactations. The model used to correct the 4%FCM yield over whole and standard lactations for the effect of systematic factors was very highly significant (P lt 0.001). The variance of the model accounted for 15.93% and 21.55% of the total variance in 4% FCM yield over whole and standard lactations, respectively. The resulting coefficient of determination (R2) in 4% FCM yield was 0.159 over whole lactations and 0.216 over standard lactations. Analiza uticaja sistematskih i kontinuelnih faktora okoline na proizvodnju 4% mast-korigovanog mleka u celim i standardnim laktacijama kod 2805 krava simentalske rase izvršena je primenom opšteg linearnog modela. Od sistematskih odnosno fiksnih faktora analiziran je uticaj farme ili odgajivačkog područja, sezone telenja, godine i sezone rođenja, grupe laktacija i interakcije između godine i sezone rođenja, odgajivačkog područja i sezone telenja i odgajivačkog područja i grupe laktacija. Od kontinuelnih faktora posmatran je uticaj uzrasta pri prvoj oplodnji. Uticaj odgajivačkog područja, grupe laktacija i sezone telenja na proizvodnju 4%MKM u celim i standardnim laktacijama bila je vrlo visoko značajna (P lt 0.001). Interakcije fiksnih, odnosno sistematskih faktora, uključenih u model, kao što su interakcija između godine i sezone rođenja, zatim odgajivačkog područja i sezone telenja i farme i grupe laktacija, na proizvodnju 4%MKM kako u celim tako i u standardnim laktacijama imale su vrlo visoko značajan uticaj (P lt 0.001). Uzrast pri prvoj oplodnji, kao kontinuelni faktor, statistički vrlo visoko značajno (P lt 0.001) je uticao na proizvodnju 4% mast-korigovanog mleka i u celim i u standardnim laktacijama. Primenjeni model za korekciju proizvodnje 4%MKM u celim i standardnim laktacijama na dejstvo sistematskih faktora bio je vrlo visoko značajan (P lt 0.001). Udeo varijanse modela u ukupnoj varijansi kretao se od 15.93% kod proizvodnje 4%MKM u celim laktacijama do 21.55% kod proizvodnje 4%MKM u standardnim laktacijama. Dobijeni koeficijenti determinacije (R2) kod proizvodnje 4%MKM u celim i standardnim laktacijama iznosili su 0.159 i 0.216.

Considering the Serbia's potential and tradition in production of quality beef meat as food for human consumption and raw material in the food industry and the demand of the EU market, shows the need to intensify the production of this foodstuff. Aim of this paper was to analyze the effect of age of young Simmental bulls on dressing percentage in slaughterhouse, according to the standard applied in the EU (Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007, Commission Regulation (EC) No 1249/2008; Commission European, Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development). Regulations that define more precisely the quality of meat are only partially implemented in Serbia (Official Gazette of the SFRY 34/74, 26/75, 13/78). The accuracy of the slaughter processing of carcasses is assessed as adequate in the facility in which the analysis was conducted. The study was conducted on 116 young bulls carcasses, from redemption. Two groups of young bulls (cattle) were formed, first group the age of 269-350 days and second group the age of 351-450 days. The results show that due to the wider age intervals in the second group (351-450 days) the difference in mass of animals before slaughter and carcass weight after primary processing is statistically significant (P lt 0.05), while the yield difference between the two groups is statistically insignificant (P> 0.05). The obtained results indicate that it is necessary to undertake concrete measures in the primary sector to achieve better yield and meat quality. Posmatrajući potencijal i tradiciju naše zemlje u proizvodnji kvalitetnog goveđeg mesa kao namirnice za ishranu ljudi i sirovine za preradu u prehrambenoj industriji s jedne strane, i potreba tržista EU sa druge strane, neophodno je intenzivirati proizvodnju ove vrste namirnice animalnog porekla. Cilj rada je bio da se analizira uticaj starosti junadi (mladih bikova) simentalske rase na randman, u klanici, prema standardu koji se primenjuje u zemljama Evropske Unije (Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007, Commission Regulation (EC) No 1249/2008; Commission European, Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development). U Republici Srbiji se samo delimično primenjuju propisi koji bliže definišu kvalitet mesa (Pravilnik Sl. list SFRJ 34/74, 26/75, 13/78). Ispravnost klanične obrade trupa je ocenjena kao adekvatna u objektu u kome je sprovedena analiza. Ispitivanje je sprovedeno na 116 trupova junadi (mladih bikova) iz otkupa. Formirane su dve grupe junadi (mladih bikova), prva starosti 269-350 dana i druga 351-450 dana. Rezultati pokazuju da su usled širih starosnih intervala u drugoj grupi (351-450 dana) razlike u masi životinja pre klanja i masi trupova nakon primarne obrade statistički značajne (P lt 0.05), dok su razlike između randmana dve posmatrane grupe statistički nesignifikantne (P>0.05). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je neophodno preduzeti konkretne mere u primarnom sektoru radi postizanja boljeg prinosa i kvaliteta mesa.