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The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical-hydrological and chemical properties and organic carbon stock of soil under intercropped conilon coffee (Coffea canephora P.) and in full sun in the coastal tablelands of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The treatments evaluated were coffee intercropped with rubber tree (CR) and in full sun (FS) in the area 1; coffee intercropped with papaya (CP) and in full sun (FS) in the area 2; coffee intercropped with coconut (CC), in full sun (FS), and an area of native vegetation (NV) in the area 3. The physical and chemical properties of the soil and its organic carbon stocks were measured in layers of 0-0.4 m. In area 1, CR showed lower soil bulk density and temperature, and higher total porosity and macroporosity. In area 2, CP presented higher available water capacity and soil water content, better soil fertility, and lower soil temperature. In area 3, CC presented higher total porosity, available water capacity, and soil organic carbon stock. NV presented physical and chemical properties of soil that limit the agricultural development of the crops. Conilon coffee plantations can improve the physical-hydrological and chemical quality of soil compared to cultivation in full sun and native vegetation in the coastal tablelands, which varies according to the intercropped culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of conservation managements such as the silvopastoral system, and the Voisin rational grazing system have been excellent alternatives to increase animal welfare and production efficiency and improve soil chemical attributes of degraded pastures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluatethe effect of a High Biodiversity Silvopastoral System (SPSNUCLEUS) on the soil chemical attributes through comparisons with soils of a Intensive Grazing Management without trees (IGM), primary forest, and secondary forest areas. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, Al, H+Al, Ca, Mg, K, and P were evaluated after four years of implementation of SPSNUCLEUS. Soil samples from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm were collected in all areas--SPSNUCLEUS, MIG, primary forest, and secondary forest. SPSNUCLEUS had better soil quality, with increased P and K contents (030 cm), compared to the other areas, and higher total organic carbon,and total nitrogen contents (5-30 cm) when compared to the MIG and secondary forest areas. The soil carbon accumulation capacity in the SPSNUCLEUS area in the layers of 5-10 cm and 20-40 cm was similar to that of the primary forest area, and higher to those of the other areas. SPSNUCLEUS proved to be a promising system to improve the soil chemical attributes of pastures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic fertilization with doses of lithothanmium and vinasse on the initial growth of sugarcane cv. RB 86-7515. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the School of Agronomy, of Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil. A completely randomized experimental design was carried out to analyze data with three replicates, in a 5 x 5 x 2 factorial scheme. Plants were cultivated in containers of 200 liters. Treatments correspond to five vinasse doses (0, 165, 330, 495 and 660 m3.h-1) and five doses of lithothanmium (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg.ha-1) and sugarcane cultivation under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Irrigation was carried out using a drip emitter system with a flow rate of 4 L.h-1. Application of fertilizer treatments were parceled out according to nutrient uptake progress from sugarcane plants. Variables evaluated were as follows: number of buds, plant height, leaf area index and stem diameter, over different growing stages. Treatments produced significant effects on crop growth parameters; results showed that irrigated and fertilized sugarcane plants with 196 kg.ha-1 of lithothanmium and 165 m3.ha-1 of vinasse exhibited the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years much attention has focused on the impacts of agriculture on climate change, due to this stage specialists in plant nutrition and soil fertility have achieved the task of generating adequate fertilization doses for pineapple to reduce effects on environment. A methodology for Integrated System for Recommending Fertilizer Dose (ISRFD) was used. As a result, seven Thiessen polygons of the average annual rainfall, where rainfall ranged from 1640 to 2841 mm was correlated. Therefore, three major soil groups were defined and classified as subunit level. Likewise, eight doses of fertilizers were generated as follows: N, P2O5 and K2O, with a fertilizer dose, a map is generated according to the cultivar: 230-138-300 for Creole pineapple in Acrisol Cutanic (Chromic, Ferric); 460-161-480 for Cayenne and MD2 in Acrisol Cutanic (Endoclayic, Ferric); 345-161-450 for Cayenne and MD2, 253-138-450 for Creole in Acrisol Cutanic (Endoclayic, Hyperdystric, Ferric); 391-161-450 for Cayenne and MD2 in Acrisol Umbric Cutanic (Endoclayic, Hyperdystric) and Acrisol Umbric Cutanic (Endoclayic, Hyperdystric, Ferric); 207-138-300 for Creole in Acrisol Umbric Cutanic (Endoclayic, Hyperdystric); 253-138-300 for Creole in Acrisol Umbric Cutanic (Endoclayic,Hyperdystric, Ferric); 253-138-360 for Creole in Acrisol Umbric Gleyic (Hyperdystric, Ferric); and 391-161-360 in Cambisol Endogleyic (Clayic, Eutric). These fertilizer doses were supplemented with micronutrients to obtain the expected results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of the soil use change of the Cocoa Agroforestry System (CAS) on soil organic carbon (SOC) levels and other indicating soil chemical fertility properties (edaphic density ρb, cation exchange capacity CEC, soil total nitrogen STN), when a soil use change occurs from CAS to grassland (GL). For this, in order to be selected was recorded, considering different time intervals (1-5, 6-10 y 11-20 years). However, a CAS of 20-35 years was considered as a reference. In addition, soil samples were taken at -30 cm depth to determine the contents of SOC, STN, CEC, ρb, soil organic matter (SOM) and the soil C/N ratio. Consequently, the soil penetration resistance was evaluated in situ. The results indicated the change in soil use from CAS to GL, did not cause a significant decrease in the amount of stored SOC (0-30 cm) during the considered time with respect to CAS. However, if only the first -10 cm of soil is sampled, a significant soil compaction is observed throughout a decrease in the CEC value in the long term (20 years). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecuador is the most important exporter of canned peach palm, however, to date ideal soil fertility characteristics for peach palm growers remain unknown. The aim of this research was to determine optimal levels of soil nutrients for the cultivation of peach palm, specifically with regards to soil cation exchange capacity in order to obtain higher yields. We worked with 20 farmsteads and their soils from the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas during the second half of 2014. Fields were evaluated based on a relative yield and extractable (modified Olsen) nutrient contents in each soil were determined using regression modeling to determine critical levels of each nutrient and specifically to determine the ideal soil cation exchange capacity under peach palm cultivation. Our analysis established critical levels of soil pH (6.3); OM 6.5%; P 12.3 mg.dm-3; K 0.67 cmol.dm-3 K; Ca 5.1 cmol.dm-3 ; Mg 0.97 cmol.dm-3; and S 7.5 mg.dm-3. The ideal Ca: Mg: K soil cation exchange capacity was determined to be 76:14:10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las recomendaciones de fertilización para el cultivo de plátano (Musa AAB Simmonds) deben estar basadas en las características químicas y el potencial de producción de los suelos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características químicas de macro-elementos presentes en suelos utilizados en la producción de plátano en el departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Las evaluaciones se hicieron en diez fincas por cada uno de cuatro municipios productores de plátano en el Alto Sinú (Valencia y Tierralta) y la región costanera (San Bernardo del Viento y Moñitos). Los parámetros determinados en el suelo fueron: pH, materia orgánica (M.O.), P, S, Ca, Mg, Na y K, según metodologías químicas propuestas por Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazi (IGAC). Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza y pruebas de comparación de medias (Tukey). En los resultados analíticos se encontró que los suelos presentan reacción moderadamente ácida con pH < 6 en la zona del Alto Sinú, a ligeramente alcalina con pH de 6.5 en la zona costanera. Los contenidos de M.O. son < 2.1%, el P varía entre 16.4 y 35.3 mg/kg y el S es deficiente con valores < 13.5 mg/kg en todas las fincas. Los contenidos de Ca, Mg y K son altos, pero con tendencia a antagonismos iónicos de Ca con respecto a K por las amplias relaciones catiónicas encontradas.Fertilizer recommendations for hartón plantain cropping should be done by interpreting the chemical characteristics of soils to be reliable from the technical point of view and principally based in technical adjustments in relation to the nutritional potential of soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of macroelements in soil in 40 farms cultivated with hartón plantain in the department of Córdoba, Colombia. The parameters measured were: pH, organic matter (O.M.), P, S, Ca, Mg, Na, K, according to the analytical procedures proposed by Geographic Institute Agustín Codaz (IGAC). Analysis of variance and mean comparison tests (Tukey) to the data were performed. The analytical results showed that the soils had a moderately acidic reaction, with pH lower than 6 on the High Sinú zone and slightly alkaline with pH 6.5 in the coastal zone. The organic matter content was less than 2.1%, P between 16.4 and 35.3 mg kg-1 and S deficient with values less than 13.5 mg kg-1 in all municipalities. Values of Ca, Mg and K were high, but with a tendency of antagonism of the ion Ca with respect to K.

La intervención humana en la producción agrícola influye directamente en la calidad del suelo, promoviendo alteraciones en las propiedades físicas y químicas, mediante el uso de fertilizantes, correctivos y prácticas de labranza. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los cambios en las propiedades químicas de dos Oxisoles (Typic Hapludox y Typic Haplustox), con diferentes niveles de intervención (cultivos de pasto Brachiaria y rotaciones de maíz y soya), en el municipio de Puerto López (Meta-Colombia). Las muestras fueron tomadas en 42 puntos, distanciados 25 m perpendicularmente, entre 0 y 0.10 m y 0.10 y 0.20 m de profundidad, para un total de 168 muestras en los dos lotes. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de varianza y técnicas de análisis multivariado, a través de componentes principales y agrupamiento jerárquico. Las propiedades estudiadas fueron carbono orgánico, pH, acidez intercambiable, aluminio intercambiable, P, Ca, Mg, P, Na, capacidad de intercambio catiónica efectiva (CICE), suma de bases y saturación de bases. La intervención agrícola se ve reflejada principalmente en la capa superficial del suelo, donde se presentaron los mayores valores de CO, Ca, Mg, K, P, SB y CICE, debido a la presencia de residuos de cosecha, así como a la aplicación de fertilizantes y correctivos.

En un suelo derivado de cenizas volcánicas bien drenado y de alta fertilidad del municipio Ansermanuevo (zona cafetera de Colombia), en el cultivo de lulo (Solanum quitoense x S. hirtum) se evaluaron tres fuentes orgánicas tipo bocashi, provenientes de los procesos de fermentación de pulpa de café, lombricompuesto y gallinaza y un tratamiento con fertilizante químico (10-30-10) más un testigo absoluto sin aplicación de fertilizantes. Se empleó un diseño experimental en bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, cada repetición estuvo constituida por 58 plantas. Las aplicaciones de materiales orgánicos mejoraron las características del suelo, estabilizando el pH, aumentando la capacidad de intercambio catiónico y la materia orgánica. En términos generales, el tratamiento de mejor desempeño fue el bocashi de gallinaza, con un promedio de cuajamiento de fruto de 38.3% y un mayor rendimiento (4.7 t/ha). Los bocashis de lombricompuesto y pulpa de café no fueron estadísticamente diferentes al tratamiento químico y todos los tratamientos fueron distintos (P < 0.05) al testigo, lo que demuestra la buena respuesta del cultivo de lulo a las aplicaciones de fuentes orgánicas.In this study four fertilization treatments in lulo crop (Solanum quitoense x S.hirtum) were evaluated, three organic with several manure sources like coffee skin , earthworm residues and chicken manure, and a four treatment consisted of inorganic fertilizer with a composition of 10-30-30 ( N,P,K) and a control without fertilizer applications. A complete block random design with three replications was used and each replication with 58 plants. The organic fertilization increase the soil pH, cation exchange capacity and soil organic matter. The best treatment was the aerobic fermented, based on chicken manure with a fruit yield average of 4731 kg .ha-1, the rest of the organic treatments did no showed statistical differences with the inorganic fertilization and all were statistical different with the control without fertilizer applications, which showed a good crop response to the organic applications.

Se evaluó el potencial productivo-PPS en suelos volcánicos de ladera de tres fincas lecheras (Nogales, Refugio y Horizonte) en Bolívar, Valle del Cauca, utilizando un indicador mixto de propiedades (físicas, químicas y de actividad biológica del suelo), conductividad térmica y el efecto de manejo con los índices de Compactación (IC) y Fertilidad (IF). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con tres tratamientos y cinco repeticiones de acuerdo con zonas homogéneas de humedad edáfica. IC fue moderado en todos los casos y PPS fue medio en las tres fincas no obstante el IF fuera alto en Nogales y moderado en Refugio y Horizonte. La correlación lineal múltiple entre parámetros indicó que IC e IF influyeron aproximadamente en un 70 % sobre PPS.

Se evaluó el potencial productivo-PPS en suelos volcánicos de ladera de tres fincas lecheras (Nogales, Refugio y Horizonte) en Bolívar, Valle del Cauca, utilizando un indicador mixto de propiedades (físicas, químicas y de actividad biológica del suelo), conductividad térmica y el efecto de manejo con los índices de Compactación (IC) y Fertilidad (IF). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con tres tratamientos y cinco repeticiones de acuerdo con zonas homogéneas de humedad edáfica. IC fue moderado en todos los casos y PPS fue medio en las tres fincas no obstante el IF fuera alto en Nogales y moderado en Refugio y Horizonte. La correlación lineal múltiple entre parámetros indicó que IC e IF influyeron aproximadamente en un 70 % sobre PPS.

En Colombia la producción de cereales como la cebada está restringida por variados factores entre los que destacan lluvias irregulares, heladas, acidez del suelo, infertilidad y enfermedades, inadecuado manejo del suelo, además de escaso germoplasma adaptado. Una alternativa para enfrentar parte del problema está en la selección de líneas en diferentes terrenos, tendiente a desarrollar variedades adaptables aún a suelos de baja productividad. Para llegar a una apropiada recomendación a los agricultores se consideró la cantidad de nutrientes removidos por las plantas en madurez fisiológica. La cebada comercial 124 mostró preferencias por suelos de moderada fertilidad pero tuvo una relativa menor eficiencia en la conversión de nutrientes a grano frente al trigo Bonza. Sus requerimientos nutricionales para alcanzar rendimientos cercanos a 2.5 t/ha sin riego se definieron así: Macronutrientes (kg/ha): 30N, 8P, 45K, 8Ca, 2.5 Mg; Micronutrientes (g/ha): 140 Mn, 40 Zn, 24 Cu, 340 Fe. La más alta eficiencia nutricional para varias líneas promisorias de cebada sembradas en terrenos ondulados se dió en el suelo más productivo pero arcilloso (Vertic Tropudalf), una respuesta intermedia se halló en uno humífero ácido poco profundo (Paralithic Humitropept) y una muy baja eficiencia se reportó en el de menos retención de humedad e infértil (Ustic Dystropept). Se seleccionaron dos líneas con baja adaptación a los tres terrenos mencionados, una rindió bien en el ambiente más difícil, y tres líneas exhibieron alta adaptación a todos los terrenos escogidos.In Colombia, the increase of barley production is restricted by such factors as irregular rainfall, low temperatures, soil acidity, low fertility and disease, associated with improper soil management and scarse improve germoplasm, A suitable use of fertilizers is an alternative to face part of the problem by means of plant breeding in different terrain, tend to develop of low soil productivity tolerant cultivars. To arrive at appropiate recommendations for farmers, it was consider the quantity of removal nutrients at physiological maturity. The 124 commercial barley preferred moderately fertil soils but with a lower nutritional efficiency after a commercial cultivar wheat. Its nutritional requirements to reach a 2.5 t/ha yield without irrigation was: Macronutrientes (kg/ha): 30 N, 8 P, 24 K, 8 Ca, 2.5 Mg; Micronutrients (g/ha): 140 Mn, 40 Zn, 24 Cu, 340 Fe. For many new barley cultivars sowed over ondulating terrains, the highest nutritional efficiency was in a Vertic Tropudalf, moderately behavoir in the Paralithic Humitropept and the lowest in an Ustic Dystropept. There were two cultivars with low adaptation, only one grow well in a difficult terrain and three cultivars exhibit good adaptation in all studied terrains.