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In the title complex, {[Cu(C8H8NO3S)2(H2O)] x 2 H2O}n, the Cu(II) cation has a distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment consisting of five O atoms, one from a water molecule, one from an N-O group and the other three from the carboxylate groups of two 3-(2-pyridylsulfanyl)propionate N-oxide anions. The aqua[3-(2-pyridylsulfanyl)propionato N-oxide]copper(II) moieties are bridged by 3-(2-pyridylsulfanyl)propionate N-oxide anions to form an infinite three-dimensional coordination polymer with a zigzag chain structure. The crystal structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

In the polymeric title compound, [CuCl2(C6H6N4)]n, each CuII ion is five-coordinated by four basal atoms (two N atoms from a 2,2'-biimidazole molecule and two Cl- anions) and one axial Cl- anion, in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Cl- anions bridge the {Cu(C6H6N4)Cl} units into one-dimensional linear chains, which are reinforced by pi-pi interactions. Adjacent linear chains are linked by N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds, resulting in a grid layer. The hydrogen-bonding pattern can be described in graph-set notation as C(2)2(9)R(2)2(9)R(2)2(14). This study extends our knowledge of the multifunctional properties of the 2,2'-biimidazole ligand and of the coordination stereochemistry of copper(II).

The title complex, C 8 H 6 O 4 .2C 6 H 7 N, consists of two crystallographically independent 1:2 clusters of benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid and 4-methylpyridine. Each cluster, the components of which are linked by O-H...N hydrogen bonds, is almost planar by alignment of C-H...O hydrogen bonds. Herring-bone ribbons of clusters are formed by other C-H...O hydrogen bonds, and these ribbons are further packed to form a laminar structure by π-π interactions.

The title compound, (C6H9N2)[ZnCl3(C6H8N2)], consists of one 2-amino-5-methylpyridinium cation and one (2-amino-5-methylpyridine)trichlorozincate(II) anion, which are held together by N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions. The cation and the pyridine ligand show similar geometric features, except for the N-C bond lengths. Molecules of the title compound are connected by N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds to form chiral chains; these chains are associated further by C-H...Cl hydrogen bonds to form layers, which are in turn linked by pi-pi interactions.

In the centrosymmetric title polymer, catena-poly[[bis[aqua(1,10-phenanthroline-kappa2N,N')lead(II)]-di-mu3-5-carboxy-3-sulfonatobenzoato-1:2:1'kappa4O3:O1,O1':O1;2':1:2kappa4O1:O1,O1':O3] dihydrate], {[Pb(C8H4O7S)(C12H8N2)(H2O)].H2O}n, each seven-coordinate lead(II) ion is bound by five O atoms from one water molecule and three 5-sulfoisophthalate (sip) anions, and by two N atoms from a 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand. The sip sulfonate group is monodentate. One O atom of the sip carboxylate group is chelated to one Pb2+ cation, with the other also bridging an adjacent Pb2+ cation. The carboxyl group is uncoordinated. This unusual coordination results in a chain structure along the b axis, which is linked by strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network.

In the polymeric title compound, [Cu(im)Cl(phen)](n), where im is the imidazolate anion (C(3)H(3)N(2)) and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline (C(12)H(8)N(2)), each Cu(II) ion is five-coordinated by four basal N atoms (two from two different im anions and two from one phen ligand) and one axial Cl atom, in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Moreover, each im anion bridges two identical [CuCl(phen)](+) cations through its two N atoms, resulting in a one-dimensional zigzag chain along the crystallographic a axis. In addition, pairs of adjacent chains are staggered by pi-pi interactions, generating a two-dimensional layer, and neighbouring layers are further linked by two different kinds of C-H...Cl interactions, producing a three-dimensional network.

The title compound, (C(6)H(14)N(2))[Cr(2)O(7)], consists of a diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diium cation and a discrete dichromate anion, which are linked in the crystal by N-H...O hydrogen bonds. The cation is ordered and distorted, owing to the confinement and twist of the hydrogen bonds involved. Two CrO(4) tetrahedra are joined through a shared O atom to form the dichromate anion. Chiral supramolecular chains of the title compound are built up via N-H...O hydrogen bonds, and C-H...O interactions play subordinate roles in forming the structure.

In polymeric [[Eu(pzdc)(NO(3))(phen)(H(2)O)].H(2)O](n) [pzdc is 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylate (C(6)H(2)O(4)) and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline (C(12)H(8)N(2))], each europium(III) ion is coordinated by seven O atoms (from three pzdc anions, a nitrate anion and a water molecule) and the two N atoms of the phen ligand, resulting in a nine-coordinated europium(III) center with a distorted monocapped square-antiprismatic coordination polyhedron. Four pzdc anions bridge four europium(III) ions, forming a parallelogram unit, the four vertices of which are occupied by the four pzdc anions. Moreover, each parallelogram unit links six other adjacent parallelogram units, forming a two-dimensional network with disordered lattice water molecules.

In the polymeric title compound, [Co(3)(btc)(2)(phen)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n) [btc is the benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate trianion (C(9)H(3)O(6)) and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline (C(12)H(8)N(2))], there are two different Co centres, Co1 and Co2. The Co1 centre has a deformed trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, while the Co2 centre lies on an inversion centre and has distorted octahedral geometry. Moreover, the 1,2-dicarboxylate groups of one btc ligand bridge the two adjacent Co2 centres, and each Co2 centre is coordinated by four carboxylate O atoms from four different btc ligands, forming a novel kind of intersecting double-chain structure, with a Co.Co separation of 7.755 A, along the a axis. On the other hand, the two Co1 centres are bridged by two btc ligands and chelated by phen molecules, respectively, producing a binuclear unit with a Co.Co separation of 8.406 A, and these binuclear units are linked by btc bridges and Co2 centres to extend hybrid chains of Co1 and Co2 along the [101] direction. Furthermore, each btc ligand acts as a pentadentate bridge, linking the Co2 double-chain structures and the hybrid chains of Co1 and Co2 to yield a two-dimensional network, and this leads to the formation of very different kinds of voids.

In the title complex, [Cu(2)(C(10)H(2)O(8))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)](n), the Cu(II) cation has a four-coordinated environment, completed by two carboxyl O atoms belonging to two 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate anions (TCB(4-)) and two N atoms from one 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bipy) ligand, forming a distorted square-planar geometry. The [Cu(2,2'-bipy)](2+) moieties are bridged by TCB(4-) anions, which lie about inversion centres, forming an infinite one-dimensional coordination polymer with a double-chain structure along the a axis. A two-dimensional network structure is formed via a face-to-face pi-pi interaction between the 2,2'-bipy rings belonging to two adjacent double chains, at a distance of approximately 3.56 A.

In the title compound, poly[[aqua(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(II)]-mu4-dihydrogen benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylato], [Co(C10H4O8)(C12H8N2)(H2O)]n, each cobalt(II) cation has an octahedral geometry completed by one aqua O atom, three carboxy O atoms belonging to three H2TCB2- anions (H2TCB2- is dihydrogen benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate) and two N atoms from a 1,10-phenanthroline molecule. In the asymmetric unit, there are two half H2TCB2- anions lying about independent inversion centres. The bridging H2TCB2- anions have two coordination modes, viz. mu2-H2TCB2- and mu4-H2TCB2-, resulting in a two-dimensional coordination polymer. Furthermore, a three-dimensional network is formed by O(carboxy)...O(carboxy) hydrogen-bond interactions, with H...A distances in the range 1.69-1.82 A, and O(carboxy)...O(water) interactions, with H...A distances in the range 1.91-1.94 A.

In the title complex, [Co(2)(C(10)H(2)O(8))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the four carboxylate groups are fully deprotonated and coordinate to four Co(II) cations in a monodentate fashion, forming a one-dimensional ribbon-like double-chain structure, with centrosymmetric [Co(2)(C(10)H(2)O(8))(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)] repeating units and a cavity of approximately 6.8 x 6.6 A. Moreover, a three-dimensional supramolecular structure is formed by face-to-face pi-pi interactions between the aromatic rings of the 2,2'-bipyridine moieties of two adjacent chains, and by hydrogen-bonding interactions between the coordinated aqua O atom and the coordinated carboxyl O atom from different chains.

In the title compound, [Cu(C(10)H(4)O(8))(C(12)H(8)N(2))](n), the Cu(II) cation has a four-coordination environment completed by two N atoms from one 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligand and two O atoms belonging to two dihydrogen benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylate anions (H(2)TCB(2-)). There is a twofold axis passing through the Cu(II) cation and the centre of the phen ligand. The [Cu(phen)](2+) moieties are bridged by H(2)TCB(2-) anions to form an infinite one-dimensional coordination polymer with a zigzag chain structure along the c axis. A double-chain structure is formed by hydrogen bonds between adjacent zigzag chains. Furthermore, there are pi-pi stacking interactions between the phen ligands, with an average distance of 3.64 A, resulting in a two-dimensional network structure.

In the title complex, pyromellitic acid-dimethyl sulfoxide (1/2), C(10)H(6)O(8).2C(2)H(6)OS, molecules of pyromellitic acid (1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid) and dimethyl sulfoxide, the latter being well ordered, are linked to each other by O-H.O hydrogen bonds. The formula unit displays crystallographic inversion symmetry. The packing consists of ribbons of hydrogen-bonded rings that can be described by graph set C(2)(1)(10)R(4)(2)(18).

The Cd atom in the polymeric title compound, [Cd(C(14)H(8)O(5))(H(2)O)](n), is linked to four carboxyl O atoms and a water molecule in a five-coordinate coordination polyhedron that is midway between a square pyramid and a trigonal bipyramid. The Cd atom and the water molecules both lie on the same twofold axis and the central O atom of the 4,4'-oxydibenzoate moiety lies on another twofold axis. Covalent Cd-O bonds lead to the formation of a layer architecture perpendicular to the twofold axis, the layers being held together by hydrogen bonds in the third direction.

In the title compound, [Cu(C(5)H(4)ClNO)(2)(C(4)H(4)N(2))(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(2), the Cu atom, which lies on an inversion centre, has an octahedral environment. The pyrazine ligand also lies about an inversion centre and links adjacent Cu atoms into a chain running along the b axis; perchlorate anions occupy the space between the chains, and the chains use the coordinated water molecules to link to the anions, resulting in a hydrogen-bonded ribbon structure. The donor 5-chloro-2-hydroxypyridine ligand exists in the zwitterionic form, i.e. 5-chloropyridinium-2-olate.