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Old geological maps are extremely important sources of information about the state of geological knowledge of a specific period. Using GIS techniques, the old geological data and concepts can be compared and analyzed together with modern ones. Thus, the aim of this work is to present some old Transylvanian geological maps from the second half of the nineteenth century, with special respect to their legend and topographic basis, as well as to discuss the georeferencing methods and results in order to incorporate them into a unified GIS database. The geological maps of this study are the followings: the geognostic map of the Habsburg Empire by Haidinger (Geognostische Uibersichts-Karte der Oesterreichischen Monarchie 1845); the geological map of Transylvania by Hauer et al. (General-Karte des Grossfürstenthums Siebenbürgen und der im Jahre 1861 mit dem Königreiche Ungarn vereinigten Theile 1863); the geological map of the Habsburg Empire by Hauer (Geologische Übersichts-Karte der Österreichisch−Ungarischen Monarchie nach den Aufnahmen der k. k. geologischen Reichsanstalt 1867-1871); the geological map of the Seklerland by Herbich (A Székelyföld földtani térképe 1878a). These maps were compiled using as topographic basis the map sheets of the 1st and 2nd Military Survey of the Habsburg Empire (later Austro-Hungarian Monarchy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]