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One of today's most significant challenges is sustainability, which is closely linked to environmentally friendly solutions and resource efficiency. As a solution to these goals, the concept of the Physical Internet emerged, defining the logistics network of the future as a global, open, and interconnected system. Concerning the conditions of vehicles based on Physical Internet-based systems, we cannot ignore the latest vehicle technology innovations that appear more and more intensively in parallel. The framework proposes planning at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Different levels of coordination implement different approaches to platoon coordination in line with the network architecture of PI-based logistics systems. We recommend the highest level of offline design in fixed π-hubs. The tactical level involves designing π-hubs online. We propose the implementation of speed-based solutions at the operational planning level.

One of the biggest challenges today is to make traditional systems more sustainable. Physical Internet (PI, π) based logistics systems provide one of the most defining solutions. In our opinion, it is worthwhile to deal with the intralogistics conversion of the Physical Internet because traditional systems can no longer operate with sufficient efficiency to meet growing customer expectations and demands. This research focuses on restructuring a factory from its traditional operating to a PI-based system using our previously defined intralogistics components. The article surveys the possibility of creating PI-hub and virtual PI-hub in a factory process. The warehouses were converted to PI-hubs, and virtual PI-hubs were placed near the two manufacturing to create a more flexible structure. We created a simulation study in AnyLogic where we examine the efficiency achievable by automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in a PI-based system. The results were compared based on the traditional and PI-based systems. Based on the simulation the inefficiency of the PI-based system is lower (by ~18%) at higher control event values. This allows achieving a more efficient, flexible, sustainable, and balanced operation.

In this paper a comparison is presented for different battery charging concepts of Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) systems using simulation models. In the focus of our investigation was, what kind of benefits can Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) for an AGV-based material handling system have, which is increasingly applied today. The proper application of IPT systems lets the reduction of the necessary number of AGVs and balances their utilization level.

For the sustainability of future logistics systems, Physical Internet is one of the most determined idea. Initial solutions and ideas exist, but the development in this area is far from complete. In our opinion, vehicle technology trends such as interconnected, autonomous vehicles and the platooning system are an important opportunity for the development of logistics network. This research aims to investigate how these new types of processes can be modelled using the results of a freight holding problem. The article surveys the possibility of reconfiguration of the platoons in the Physical Internet system by creating a virtual transfer point.