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Non-equilibrium radiation measurements behind strong shock wave for simulated Martian atmosphere are presented in this paper. The shock wave is established in a hydrogen oxygen combustion driven shock tube. Timeresolved spectra of the Δ v = 0 sequence of the BΣ → XΣ electronic transition of CN have been observed through optical emission spectroscopy (OES). A new method, which is based on fitting high resolution spectrum for rotational and vibrational temperatures measurement, is proposed to diagnose temperature distribution behind the shock wave. It is estimated that the current scheme has the maximum deviation less than 8% (1σ) for vibrational temperature measurement through detailed analysis of the influence of the uncertainties of spectroscopic constants and spectral resolution. Radiation structure of the shock layer, including induction, relaxation and equilibrium process, and corresponding rotational and vibrational temperatures are obtained through time gating OES diagnostics with sub-microsecond temporal resolution. The present extensive results will strongly benefit the reaction rate estimation and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code validation in high enthalpy Mars reentry chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]