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The heart is one of the most important organs in human body. In general, we generally believe that exercise can enhance the strength of the heart and keep it healthy. However, many athletes are accompanied by cardiac diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and even have the risk of sudden death. In view of this phenomenon, there have been relevant studies abroad, which are defined as "athlete's heart", and think that overload sports will increase the probability of suffering from heart disease. Exercise has become a double-edged sword in heart health, but there are few studies on the changes of left ventricular morphology and function after exercise. So far, this paper uses the quantitative detection method of ultrasound biomicroscopy to conduct in-depth study. The research of this paper is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is the research of basic theory and core concepts. Through the research, this paper believes that the effect of exercise on the heart is not absolute, different training methods will get different results; using reasonable exercise program is the premise of maintaining heart health. The second part is to establish the experimental model of rats. In this paper, 40 adult rats were used as experimental samples, and they were randomly divided into exercise group and control group, with 20 in each group. In the third chapter of this paper, the experimental methods and specific operation steps were given in detail. The third part is the experimental results and analysis. In this part, a number of comparative experiments including cardiac function test were carried out in rats. Through the analysis of experimental data, we can see that exercise is the main cause of heart failure in experimental rats, but exercise can also make the rats recover to the indicators before heart failure, which further proves that reasonable exercise can maintain heart health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]