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Background. In this observational study, we analysed whether a period of wait and see was reasonable following incomplete removal of submucous fibroids, with regard to symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding, and whether factors predicting subsequent surgery could be identified. Methods. In 3 affiliated hospitals, patients with incomplete removal of submucous fibroids, treated with hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding, between January 1997 and January 2005, were followed over time. Using life-table analysis (Kaplan-Meier method), the cumulative proportion of women having surgery-free survival following incomplete removal of submucous fibroids was calculated. Cox-proportional hazard analyses were used to analyse relationships of variables with recurrence of symptoms. Results. Forty-one consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria, and were followed over time. The mean age was 42.5 years (range 27–55). The majority of patients with incomplete removal of submucous fibroids were diagnosed with type 2 fibroids. Termination of the procedure before complete removal was achieved, was principally caused by reaching the maximum fluid deficit (90.2%). The surgery-free percentages were 70.2% (95%-CI: 55.3–85.1) at 1 year, 54.8% (95%-CI: 38.1–70.7) at 2 years, and 44.2% (95%-CI: 26.9–61.5) at 3 years. Size of fibroid (diameter) pre-operatively turned out to be of statistically significant influence, with a hazard ratio of 1.762 (95%-CI: 1.114–2.787) per cm increase in diameter (p=0.016). Conclusions. The results indicate that incomplete removal does not always seem to necessitate subsequent surgery. Instead of subsequent surgery immediately post-operatively, a wait and see policy is worth considering after incomplete removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]