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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene polymorphisms and human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cervical neoplasia in Korean women., Material and Methods: Peripheral blood samples collected from 127 patients with HPV-related cervical neoplasia and 175 healthy women were genotyped for the TLR2 -16934, +1350, intron1, and 3' untranslated region (UTR) polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method., Results: The TLR2 -16934 A/A, intron1 A/A, and +1350 T/C genotypes were more frequent in patients than in controls [odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.302-3.475, p = 0.002; OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.168-3.169, p = 0.010; and OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.211-3.123, p = 0.006, respectively]. The frequencies of the TLR2 + 1350 C and 3'UTR G alleles were also higher in patients (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.236-3.121, p = 0.004 and OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.005-3.076, p = 0.046, respectively). The genotype frequencies of TLR2 -16934 A/A and intron1 A/A increased with increasing oncogenic risk of the HPV genotype, as follows. low-risk type < high-risk type < HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 type (p = 0.008)., Conclusions: Our study provides the first evidence that TLR2 gene polymorphisms are associated with high-risk type HPV-related cervical neoplasia and may play an important role in susceptibility to HPV infection. Further large-scale and functional studies are needed to confirm the role of TLR2 gene polymorphisms in HPV-related cervical neoplasia., (© 2016 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

Objectives: To compare fetal abdominal circumference and its relationship with birthweight at increasing gestational ages in the context of maternal hyperglycemia of varying severity., Design: Retrospective cohort study., Setting: Two centers participated in building one database., Population: A total of 1538 Korean pregnant women were subjected to a two-step approach to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus., Methods: Pregnant women were classified into gestational diabetes mellitus, borderline gestational diabetes mellitus, and normal groups. Fetal abdominal circumferences, which were measured with ultrasound at 4-week intervals starting at 16 weeks of gestation and ending prior to delivery, were evaluated in the groups., Main Outcome Measure: The significance of fetal abdominal circumferences as predictors or risk factors of macrosomia/large-for-gestational age., Results: Fetal abdominal circumferences measured from 16 weeks of gestation until prior to delivery predicted birthweight in all groups with some exceptions. Fetal abdominal circumferences measured from 32 weeks of gestation until prior to delivery were predictive of macrosomia in all groups. Fetal abdominal circumferences measured from 28 weeks of gestation until prior to delivery were predictive of neonates being large-for-gestational age in all groups. Fetal abdominal circumferences measured at 16 and 24 weeks of gestation were also predictive of large-for-gestational age in the borderline gestational diabetes mellitus group. Fetal abdominal circumference measured at 24 weeks of gestation was also a predictor of macrosomia/large-for-gestational age in normal women., Conclusions: Fetal abdominal circumferences measured during the second and especially third trimesters were significantly associated with excessive birthweight, irrespective of the severity of maternal glucose intolerance., (© 2014 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

Objective: To identify characteristics of the cell-mediated immune (CMI) response to human papillomavirus-16 (HPV) E7 viral peptide pools to help the formulation of therapeutic vaccines., Design: Prospective study. Population. Korean women., Setting: University hospital., Methods: From December 2008 to August 2010, 33 HPV-16-positive patients, seven patients exhibiting a high-risk HPV infection other than HPV-16 with grade 2/3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN2/3), and nine healthy control donors were enrolled., Main Outcome Measures: CMI response to synthetic HPV-16 E7 overlapping peptide pools using the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay., Results: The E7 sequence comprising amino acids 16-55 was a major immunogenic region. The CMI response to HPV-16 E7 is highly type-specific. The follow-up CMI response may last longer than expected after the lesion is resected., Conclusions: We found that the E7 sequence comprising amino acids 16-55 is a major immunogenic region that is critical for the T-cell-mediated immune response with CIN2/3 or cervical cancer. The identification of CMI responses to HPV-16 E7 peptide pools may provide insight into therapeutic vaccine trials for the control of HPV-associated diseases., (© 2011 The Authors Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica© 2011 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)