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A relatively little is known of whether CYP2D6 *10 (188 C to T) polymorphism mediates susceptibility to breast cancer. In this study the CYP2D6 *10 polymorphism was detected in Chinese women (286 breast cancer patients and 305 healthy women) by a PCR-RFLP assay. We found that women with the 188T/T genotype displayed a slightly increased risk for breast cancer as compared with those with the 188C/C genotype (OR 1.36, CI 0.89–2.1), the association of the 188T/T genotype with breast cancer risk was more pronounced among postmenopausal women (OR 1.49, CI 0.8–2.76), but the association did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, we found that patients carrying the 188T/T or T/C genotype were more likely to be a positive lymph node status than those with the 188C/C genotype (OR 2.12, CI 1.08–4.18, P = 0.019). Our results suggest that CYP2D6 *10 mutant 188T/T genotype displays a non-significant increased risk for breast cancer. Moreover, patients carrying 188T/T or T/C genotype might exhibit a more aggressive phenotype than those carrying 188C/C genotype, as the observation association of genotype with clinical outcome may be due to chance, therefore, further studies are required to confirm our present findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]