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Myopia has become a Public Health issue, with prevalence rates that depend on age and geographical area, reaching the highest values in Asia. Thus, a recent review on the prevalence of myopia in children, measured with cycloplegia, established that the prevalence ranges from 10% in Africa to 60% in Asia, increasing in all areas every year. These results show the importance of taking action to prevent myopia. The main factors with strong scientific evidence to prevent myopia are increasing outdoor time and decreasing near‐work activities. Public awareness is an essential factor to stop the increase in the prevalence rates of myopia. However, the increase in scientific literature does not give us information about the sensitivity of the general population on a specific topic. Through the internet search trends analysis, we can find out how much interest myopia has in the population, analysing the most concerned countries and how the related queries are being carried out and increased. Thus, if we look for the search trends with the word "myopia" as "term search" in the last 10 years, we can see how the number of searches is increasing, reaching the maximum in 2022. China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong lead the searches on the Internet, reflecting how the higher prevalence in these areas has generated a greater concern. Concerning related queries, we find a high growth in interest caused by the inclusion of myopia among the diseases of the international classification of diseases of the World Health Organization, ICD 10, with an increase of 2000% in the searches. This search suggests that people interested in myopia are looking for reliable sources to collect information. Finally, it is remarkable that in the review of the related queries, we did not find the term prevention among the most performed searches, and treatment, cure, or control are queries that are in positions 20, 21, and 26 of those searches. Compared with other of the most established eye pathologies in society, we can see as myopia is still behind them. For instance, if we compare the searches of the term myopia, with glaucoma or cataract, 61% of the web searches are related to glaucoma, 43% to cataracts, and only 16% corresponded to myopia. In conclusion, even though scientific evidence alerts us about the increase in the rates of myopia and the importance of working on its prevention, there is still a long way to reach society to generate a clear awareness of myopia and the consequences of not taking action to prevent it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Latent‐transforming growth factor beta‐binding protein 2 (LTBP2) is a fibrillin‐related extracellular matrix protein. The protein is expressed in the ciliary body, and mutations in its gene lead to primary paediatric glaucoma due to anterior segment dysgenesis. These mutations in the Greek area appear almost exclusively in Roma families. In this work, we present the surgical treatment of two patients with PAUL® device implantation, and their preoperative and postoperative course. Methods: Case Reports. Results: Case 1: A 2‐month‐old female patient, the fifth child of a Roma family with an older sister with paediatric glaucoma, presented to the Ophthalmology clinic of our hospital with microspherophakia and megalocornea, a phenotype compatible with a mutation of the LTBP2 gene. She underwent a phakectomy for lens dislocation in both eyes. At the age of 2.5 years, she was diagnosed with hypertony and started topical treatment. After two years of treatment escalation and unsuccessful management of intraocular pressure, at the age of 4.5 years it was decided to implant a PAUL® glaucoma implant in her left eye. Case 2: An 8‐month‐old male patient, child of a Roma family, similarly presented with microspherophakia and megalocornea as well as hypertony. In addition to topical treatment, he underwent peripheral iridectomies and phakectomies in both eyes. After years of treatment escalation and unsuccessful management of intraocular pressure, at the age of 6.5 years it was decided to implant a PAUL® glaucoma implant in his left eye. We describe the surgical procedures as well as their postoperative course. Conclusions: Regular monitoring of intraocular pressure is recommended in children with megalocornea, microspherophakia and/or ectopia lentis. Genetic testing of the LTBP2 gene is recommended in these patients. It is important to raise awareness in the ophthalmological community regarding the recognition of this phenotype in children of Roma families. The PAUL® device is one of the options for treating drug‐resistant paediatric glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Purpose: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) on Tunisian population. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Habib Thameur Hospital, Tunisia. POAG patients who were ≥ 40 years old at the time of recruitment had minimal cataract, underwent cataract or trabeculectomy surgery at least 3 months prior and were on medical treatment. Data were collected from patients through one‐on‐one interview with questionnaire. Results: We collected 38 glaucomatous patients; the mean age of patients was 58 years old (range 46–82 years). There was a female predominance (57.89%) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.72. The average of intraocular pressure (IOP) was 21.6 mmHg with 21.05% of patients having an IOP over 30 mmHg. We noted that 76.31% of patients resided in urban areas and 41.2% of them were illiterate. The monthly income as claimed by patients ranged between zero and 600 Tunisian dinars (TND) with an average monthly income of 287.5 TND. Patients' monthly spending on glaucoma ranged between zero and 69.5 TND, with a mean of 35.2 TND which equalled 12.2% of their monthly income. Eighteen (47.3%) of the participants experienced anxiety and depression. Severe stage of glaucoma and reduced visual acuity were significantly associated with anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Identifying the socio‐economic impact of glaucoma can raise awareness among Tunisian patients and ophthalmologists, and may result in the optimal management of glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) is calculated as the difference between mean brachial arterial pressure (MBP; with a correction factor to compensate for differences in flow resistance and hydrostatic pressure between the arm and eye) and intraocular pressure (IOP). The main aim was to evaluate differences between the most used formulas to calculate MOPP and the effects that physical exercise may have in this parameter. Methods: Fifteen physically active, healthy subjects (6 female, 24.07 ± 3.65 years) voluntarily performed a 15‐minute protocol consisting of combined exercise including, mobility, bodyweight exercises, running, dynamic stretching, and three sets of barbell back squat at low intensities. Five different formulas retrieved from the scientific literature were used to calculate MBP. Formulas used to calculate MOPP pressure were 1) 2/3*(MBP)–IOP; 2) 2/3*(MBP–IOP); 3) 95/140*(MBP)–IOP. A three‐way analysis of variance evaluated the effect of the exercise, the formula used to calculate MBP, and the formula used to calculate the mean ocular perfusion pressure. Results: Significant effects of the exercise (F(1, 14) = 135.21, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.91), formula used to calculate mean blood pressure (F(1.06, 14.87) = 250.37, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.95), formula used to calculate mean ocular perfusion pressure (F(1.01, 14.14) = 163.98, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.92) and their interaction (F(1.48, 20.68) = 47.35, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.77) were observed. The post‐hoc results showed significant differences between most of the formulas both preexercise and postexercise. Conclusions: The results presented suggest that caution should be applied when using indirect formulas to estimate mean ocular perfusion pressure. Future research should objectively evaluate ocular perfusion pressure with a direct method to find the most reliable formula. Meanwhile, this study is published to raise awareness on the importance of choosing one or other methods when aiming to estimate physiological parameters with formulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Blood pressure is a key parameter associated with ocular health and glaucoma. Additionally, brachial blood pressure serves to calculate ocular perfusion pressure. The main aim was to evaluate differences between the most used formulas to calculate mean brachial arterial blood pressure and the effects that physical exercise may have in this parameter. Methods: Fifteen physically active, healthy subjects (9 male 6 female, 24.07 ± 3.65 years) voluntarily performed a 15‐minute protocol consisting of combined exercise including, mobility, bodyweight exercises, running, dynamic stretching, and three sets of barbell back squat at low intensities. The formulas compared were 1) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) + 1/3 * (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ‐ DBP); 2) DBP + 0.412 * (SBP – DBP); 3) DBP + (0.333 + (0.0012 * heart rate)) * (SBP ‐ DBP); 4) DBP + (25.361 + 0.047 * heart rate + 0.163 * DBP) * (SBP ‐ DBP); 5) (SBP * DBP) ^ 1/2. A two‐way analysis of variance evaluated the effect of the exercise and the formula used to calculate the mean blood pressure. Results: Significant effects of the exercise (F(1, 14) = 88.66, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.86), formula used (F(1.06, 14.86) = 250.23, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.95), and their interaction (F(1.37, 19.11) = 54.75, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.80) were observed in the resulting values. The post‐hoc results showed significant differences between most of the formulas both preexercise and postexercise. Conclusions: The results presented suggest that caution should be applied when using indirect formulas to estimate mean brachial arterial pressure. Future research should objectively evaluate mean blood pressure with a direct method to find the most reliable formula. Meanwhile, this study is published to raise awareness on the importance of choosing one or other methods when aiming to estimate with formulas physiological parameters related to ocular health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report a case of Neurolymphomatosis to raise awareness of this condition. Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is the invasion of cranial nerves or roots by malignant cells from a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods: A 74 years old female, with known large B cell lymphoma treated 2 years prior with R‐CHOP chemotherapy, consulted our department for diplopia and blurred vision in left eye (OS). The clinical exploration evidenced a decrease of visual acuity (VA) on OS associated with hyporeactive pupil and signs of granulomatous panuveitis with inferior subretinal infiltrates. On her right eye (OD), she had a limitation of adduction, supraduction and underduction. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, which found a mandibular mass. Its pathological study confirmed a recurrence of haematological disease and a new line of treatment with chemotherapy was established. Results: 2 weeks later, resolution of the strabismus and reabsorption of the retinal infiltrates were observed. The final VA of the patient was 0.8. Conclusions: Contrast MRI is the most specific and sensitive non‐invasive imaging technique, as the path of the infiltrated nerves will capture gadolinium. PET‐CT with FDG‐18 can help locate possible biopsy areas. The Gold Standard diagnostic technique is the biopsy of the affected nerves, but can only be performed in 50% of cases. Clinical information from the ophthalmological examination can be a support to guide the diagnosis. References. 1. Baehring JM, Batchelor TT. Diagnosis and management on neurolymphomatosis. Cancer J. 2012;18(5):463–8. 2. Sahin H, Mete A, Pehlivan M. Neurolynphomatosis in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with cranial multineuritis. Medicine. 2018;97:15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]