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Conclusion: This is the first report on human sentinel node (SN) detection by interstitial magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in tongue cancer patients who also underwent lymphoscintigraphy. Our results indicate that further studies are warranted, as this novel method may replace current scintigraphic techniques. Objectives: To examine the feasibility of interstitial MR lymphography using SPIO for SN detection in the head and neck region. Methods: MR images were acquired sequentially at 10 min, 30 rain, and 24 h after submucosally injecting 0.1 ml SPIO (ferucarbotran) around the tumor in three patients with tongue cancer without cervical lymph node metastasis (clinical T2NOM0). Results: The SNs were clearly visualized in the 10 min interstitial MR lymphography images and were complete concordant with those visualized by 99mTc-radiocolloid lymphoscintigraphy and a gamma probe in all cases. Iron incorporation into the SNs was confirmed by pathological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]