1. Small molecules targeting the innate immune cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 signaling pathway
- Author
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Tingting Chen, Ancheng Shen, Ao Zhang, Chunyong Ding, and Zilan Song
- Subjects
PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1 ,TBK1 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor ,DC50, concentration for 50% degradation ,Review ,ACMA, 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine ,PD-1, programmed death receptor 1 ,ULD, ubiquitin-like domain ,Anti-tumor ,ABZI, amidobenzimidazole ,0302 clinical medicine ,GMP, guanosine monophosphate ,LBD, ligand-binding domain ,GTP, guanosine triphosphate ,PRRs, pattern recognition receptors ,Interferon ,cAIMP, cyclic adenosine-inosine monophosphate ,Medicine ,CMA, 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,IKK, IκB kinase ,ISG, interferon stimulated gene ,MinEC5×, minimum effective concentration for inducing 5-fold luciferase activity ,0303 health sciences ,KD, kinase domain ,dsDNA, double-stranded DNA ,MG, Mangostin ,ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry ,Immunogenicity ,PBMCs, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells ,MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney ,PROTACs, proteolysis targeting chimeras ,FAA, flavone-8-acetic acid ,CTD, C-terminal domain ,DMXAA, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid ,DSDP, dispiro diketopiperzine ,STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,CDN, cyclic dinucleotide ,QC, quinacrine ,FP, fluorescence polarization ,PDK1, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 ,Immunotherapy ,Signal transduction ,DCs, dendritic cells ,CDA, cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) ,medicine.drug ,Ntase, nucleotidyl transferase ,ATP, adenosine triphosphate ,CDG, cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) ,T cell ,SDD, scaffold and dimerization domain ,NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB ,STING, stimulator of interferon genes ,TNFRSF, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily ,EM, cryo-electron microscopy ,ER, endoplasmic reticulum ,03 medical and health sciences ,MLK, mixed lineage kinase ,Immune system ,CBD, cyclic dinucleotide-binding domain ,THIQCs, tetrahydroisoquinolone acetic acids ,SAR, structure–activity relationship ,HCQ, hydrochloroquine ,ENPP1, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase ,HTS, high throughput screening ,030304 developmental biology ,MI, maximum induction ,CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand ,Innate immune system ,PDE, phosphodiesterases ,IO, immune-oncology ,business.industry ,IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3 ,i.t., intratumoral ,CTT, C-terminal tail ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,BNBC, 6-bromo-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxamide ,Chimeric antigen receptor ,PPi, pyrophosphoric acid ,Small molecule modulators ,FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration ,VHL, von Hippel–Lindau ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,AMP, adenosine monophosphate ,TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1 ,Cancer research ,cGAMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate ,business ,cGAS, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase ,CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 ,cGAS ,STING - Abstract
Multiple cancer immunotherapies including chimeric antigen receptor T cell and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been successfully developed to treat various cancers by motivating the adaptive anti-tumor immunity. Particularly, the checkpoint blockade approach has achieved great clinic success as evidenced by several U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-programmed death receptor 1/ligand 1 or anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 antibodies. However, the majority of cancers have low clinical response rates to these ICIs due to poor tumor immunogenicity. Indeed, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase‒stimulator of interferon genes‒TANK-binding kinase 1 (cGAS‒STING‒TBK1) axis is now appreciated as the major signaling pathway in innate immune response across different species. Aberrant signaling of this pathway has been closely linked to multiple diseases, including auto-inflammation, virus infection and cancers. In this perspective, we provide an updated review on the latest progress on the development of small molecule modulators targeting the cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 signaling pathway and their preclinical and clinical use as a new immune stimulatory therapy. Meanwhile, highlights on the clinical candidates, limitations and challenges, as well as future directions in this field are also discussed. Further, small molecule inhibitors targeting this signaling axis and their potential therapeutic use for various indications are discussed as well., Graphical abstract The cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 axis is appreciated as the major signaling pathway in innate immune response, which is closely linked to multiple diseases. This review summarizes the latest progress on the development of small molecule modulators targeting the cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 signaling pathway and their clinical use as a new immune stimulatory therapy.Image 1
- Published
- 2020