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Marsupella subemarginata Bakalin Fedosov is a semi-cryptic Eurasian species. Recently, it has been found in the Far East (Kamchatka and Japan) and Swiss Alps, as well as the Giant Mountains (Sudetes, Czech Republic). The plant was also observed in the Carpathians for the first time. A revision of the herbarium collections of M. emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. consisting of 102 specimens from the Polish and Slovak Tatra Mountains revealed the occurrence of M. subemarginata at 24 localities, eight of which were in the Polish Tatras. Most of the localities of this species were concentrated in the High Tatras, and only four sites were discovered in the Western Tatras. Marsupella subemarginata has been briefly characterized morphologically and illustrated. The habitat requirements of the species have been described in detail, and the floristic composition of its phytocoenoses has been shown in a phytosociological table consisting of 10 relev’s. Marsupella subemarginata is a valuable addition to the liverwort flora of Poland and Slovakia, which currently consist of 241 and 232 species, respectively. Currently, the liverwort flora of the Tatras comprises 195 species, including 185 species in Poland and 186 species in Slovakia.

The separation of saponins derived from Medicago lupulina L. flowers yielded two saponin fractions. The first one, made up of crystalline saponins, readily precipitable from water solution, was a mixture of three glycosides of soyasapogenol B. Acid hydrolysis of these saponins yielded soyasapogenol B and its three artifacts: soyasapogenols C. D and F. Xylose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid were found as sugar constituents. The second fraction obtained by cholesterol precipitation consisted of seven haemolytically active medicagenic acid glycosides. Their hydrolysis furnished medicagenic acid and glucose, xylose, rhamnose and traces of glucuronic acid.

The article presents the spread of the liverwort Tetralophozia setiformis in the Polish Tatra Mts (Western Carpathians). In the years 1814-1957 only four localities of this plant have been found in High Tatra Mts. Since the 90-ties, an increase in recording of T. setiformis has been noticed, including the first locality in Western Tatra Mts. Currently, there are 17 localities of T. setiformis in the Polish Tatra Mts. In many of them, the plant occurs abundantly; it also remains in the places of its first records. The species has a narrow ecological scale. It is attached to rock blocks, mostly of north exposition. It creates small, single-species turfs plaited in mossy pillows of alpine grasslands of Oreochloo distichae-Juncetum trifidi racomitrietosum lanuginosi hung among rocks.

This article is the first published information on the occurrence of the snow-beds of Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini in the Western Carpathians. So far, localities of Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini phytocoenoses have been known exclusively from the Alps, the Black Forest, and the Eastern Carpathians. During this study, carried out in the Polish Carpathians, phytocoenoses of Nardo-Gnaphalietum were recorded in the two highest massifs - the Tatra Mountains and the Babia Góra Massif. They were closely related to anthropogenically-influenced sites with exposed and lumped ground located near tourist routes. Habitat characterization and spatial complexes of the patches of Nardo-Gnaphalietum in the investigated area are given herein. Critical revision of phytosociological data from the Alps and the Eastern Carpathians revealed that the discussed phytocoenoses have been described within the communities of Luzuletum alpino-pilosae, Salicetum herbaceae or Nardetum strictae. In this study, all phytosociological data concerning the association were collected and the floristic distinction of the phytocoenoses of particular mountain massifs is discussed. A new subassociation Nardo-Gnaphalietum oligotrichetosum hercynici was distinguished on the basis of local habitat variability. Although Nardo-Gnaphalietum supini does not have characteristic species, it is a well-distinguished typological unit in the class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948, and is a central association of the alliance Nardo-Salicion herbaceae Englisch 1999.