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Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is associated with increased mechanical load on respiratory system. Here, we aimed to investigate and evaluate the effects of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on physical and mental status of patients with OHS.The current study is an observational study that was performed in 2020 on 50 patients with OHS in Isfahan, Iran. Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires were also filled for all patients assessing their depression levels that were confirmed by psychiatrists. POThe mean age of the subjects was 63.5 ± 13.5. The mean blood oxygen after the use of NIV in patients with OHS increased significantly (NIV therapies are associated with improvements in blood oxygen and CO

Considering the side effects of common drugs used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), researchers have turned their attention to natural compounds, including medicinal plants.In this double-blind clinical trial study, 70 women with PCOS referred to infertility clinics, were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group receivedTreatment withRegarding the effect of these extracts combination and because they have no side-effects, which is a great advantage over chemical drugs, using of these plants recommend.

Due to chronic respiratory and gastrointestinal problems, growth failure is a common issue in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in CF children with stable gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions.In this study, the growth indicators of all 4-16-year-old children referred to two CF clinics were monitored over 3 years. Children without severe gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms with weight3% percentile or whose height increase were two standard deviations below their expected height growth over 6 months were selected for the growth hormone (GH) stimulation test by clonidine and L-dopa test. Some of the children without CF, who were also referred for height growth disorders and matched the CF group, were considered the control group. They underwent the GH stimulation test, and the results were compared.From 150 patients with CF, growth failure was observed in 24 patients with stable gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions; in 10 of them, the GH stimulation test was deficient. The prevalence of GHD was 6.6% in CF patients. In the control group of 30 children without CF, but with growth failure, the GH was deficient in nine cases, implying no significant difference with the case group (In our study, the prevalence of GHD was 6.6% in CF patients, whereas the prevalence GHD in the normal population of childhood is1%. Therefore, further studies should be designed to investigate the cause of GHD in CF patients.

Mortality due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has dramatically diminished because of performing life-saving interventions. This study aims to assess the metabolic risk factors and heart healthy lifestyle following the first episode of ACS under percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment after the 6-month follow-up.This is a longitudinal study conducted on 40 patients who underwent PCI because of the first episode of ACS. The patients' information including age, weight, abdominal circumference, smoking, functional capacity, patients' metabolic equivalent of task (METS), and laboratory tests including triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatinine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and hemoglobin A1C were recorded before discharge and reassessed after 6-month follow-up.The patients were dominantly male (92.5%) with an average age of 56.8 ± 7.11 years. Physical activity and functional capacity (METS) significantly improved within 6 months (Although BMI, physical activity, and METS remarkably improved, waist circumference decreased nonsignificantly and lipid profile got worse paradoxically. Although this population is limited for generalization, this study shows that we require further schedules to improve ACS secondary prevention practice in our community.

Background: Stress-induced hyperglycemia is an important issue among pediatrics admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Former studies have declared that hyperglycemia has a high prevalence rate and could increase the risks of mortality among pediatrics. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of hyperglycemia and its effects on mortality among pediatrics in the PICU of the hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2018–2019 on 88 patients admitted in PICU. Data regarding blood sugar (BS) and other clinical and laboratory parameters were collected. Hyperglycemia was accounted for as BS of >126 mg/dl. Hyperglycemia was divided into: mild (126 200). The pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score was also calculated for each patient during the first 24 h. Results: Thirty patients (34.1%) had persistent hyperglycemia and 58 patients (65.9%) had normal glycemic indexes. Eleven patients (12.5%) had mild, 9 patients (10.2%) had moderate, and 10 patients (11.4%) had severe hyperglycemia. The prevalence of mortality was 5.7% among hyperglycemic patients and 6.8% among normal glycemic pediatrics. There were no statistically significant differences regarding mortality rate (P = 0.499). The mean PRISM score for normal glycemic patients was 7.03 ± 5.18 and for patients with hyperglycemia was 7.36 ± 6.37. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia has no significant effects on mortality and PRISM score of pediatrics in PICU, despite of the previous studies. The frequency of hyperglycemia was also 5.7% among the patients admitted in PICU.

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by impaired steroidogenesis. Glucocorticoid treatment with increased androgens may lead to cardiovascular and metabolic effects in these patients. In this study, we investigated the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and androgen levels in children and adolescents with CAH due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 78 patients (37 boys and 41 girls) with CAH aged 3–17 years. Anthropometric, body mass index (BMI), systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood glucose with plasma insulin and lipids were measured, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) calculated using the homeostasis assessment model. Furthermore, testosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) were investigated. Results: The mean SBP and DBP were 112.01 ± 19.13 and 69.77 ± 7.56, respectively. The mean of HOMA-IR in patients was 2.25 ± 1.46. The frequency of patients with overweight and High HOMA index were, respectively, 33.3% and 29.3%. The correlation analysis between clinical characteristics and androgen serum levels showed that DBP and BMI had a significant positive correlation with 17OHP. The median regression analysis showed, only DBP in the adjusted model had a significant positive effect with 17OHP level (P < 0.05), and no significant relationship was observed for other characteristics. Conclusion: A significant association was found between BMI and DBP with serum concentrations of 17-OHP, suggesting that elevated 17-OHP can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders in children and adolescents with CAH.

Background: The aim was to assess the effect of vasopressin in reducing the time of surgery, amount of bleeding, and fluid deficit during hysteroscopic myomectomy of submucosal myoma from 2016 to 2018. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial on the premenopausal women ranged from 18 to 62 years' old. A number of 80 patients were randomly assigned to each arm of the study according to random consecutive numbers. The control group (n = 40) of patients underwent conventional hysteroscopic myomectomy without vasopressin and the case group (n = 40) underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy with the injection of diluted vasopressin. Measured outcomes were time for myomectomy, fluid deficit, inflow volume, visual clarity, and postoperation hemoglobin level. Results: The mean time of myomectomy was 38.1 and 77.38 min in vasopressin and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean inflow volume was 2800 and 4100 in vasopressin and control groups, respectively (P = 0.029). The visual clarity score was 8.5 and 6.5 in the vasopressin and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The injection of vasopressin during hysteroscopic myomectomy is effective in the management of fluid deficit, time of surgery, and improvement of visual clarity.

Carnitine membrane transporter deficiency or primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid oxidation, in which the transport of carnitine into cells is impaired. Carnitine plays an important role in transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria and carnitine deficiency block oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in the mitochondria that leads to heart and hepatic disease, myopathy, nonketotic hypoglycemia, and neurological complications. PCD has a wide range of symptoms and can reveal itself as symptomatic cardiomyopathy or even asymptomatic. In this study, we reported twin brothers with PCD. One of them had symptoms of disease and cardiomyopathy and was under treatment with carnitine. Another twin was asymptomatic and was diagnosed during follow-up period of his brother.