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In situ dual‐modal detection of electrophysiology (EP) and blood oxygen (BO) during muscle–vascular activity is crucial for healthcare and human–machine interaction. It requires an integrated monitoring system: a transparent electrode for EP detection directly adhered to skin and a near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) layer for BO detection. In particular, the multi‐channel, highly transparent, stretchable electrodes should be well developed. In this study, 16‐channel transparent ionotronic electrodes are fabricated based on a stretchable and printable ionogel, demonstrating excellent properties such as high transparency, large stretchability, wet adhesion, biocompatibility, softness, and long‐term stability. The electrode exhibits stable contact impedance for 24 h and a 2‐week periodic EP monitoring. The 16‐channel transparent ionotronic electrode outperforms stretchable gold electrodes by providing stable EP monitoring with minimal interference in NIRs for blood oxygen detection. An in situ negative correlation is found between EP intensity and blood oxygen level over time. This study paves the way for designing transparent ionotronics for synchronous optical‐related monitoring and highlights the potential use of an in situ dual‐modal monitoring system for the study of muscle–vascular coupling in neurocience and rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable ultra‐narrow (e.g., 10 µm in width) microelectrodes are crucial for the electrophysiological monitoring of single cells providing the fundamental understanding to the working mechanism of neuro network or other electrically functional cells. Current fabrication strategies either focus on the preparation of normal stretchable electrodes with hundreds of micrometers or millimeters in width by using inorganic conductive materials or develop conductive organic polymer gel for ultra‐narrow electrodes which suffer from low stretchability and instability for long‐term implantation, therefore, it is still highly desirable to explore bio‐interfacial ultra‐narrow stretchable inorganic electrodes. Herein, a hybrid strategy is reported to prepare ultra‐narrow multi‐channel stretchable microelectrodes without using photolithography or laser‐assisting etching. A 10 µm × 10 µm monitoring window is fabricated with enhanced interfacial impedance by the special rough surface. The stretchability achieves to 120% for this 10 µm‐width stretchable electrode. Supported by these superior properties, it is demonstrated that the stretchable microelectrodes can detect electrophysiological signals of single cells in vitro and collect electrophysiological signals more precisely in vivo. The reported strategy will open up the accessible preparation of the fine‐size stretchable microelectrode. It will significantly improve the resolution of monitoring and stimulation of inorganic stretchable electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) features the loss of cholinergic neurons in the mesopontine area. There is no available approach to repair the damaged cholinergic neurons. Neural stem cell (NSC)‐based therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of AD. However, it is a challenge to direct the NSCs to specifically differentiate into cholinergic neurons. Herein, calcium folate (CaFO) nanoparticles are synthesized through a facile nanoprecipitation approach for promoting the differentiation of NSCs into functional cholinergic neurons. After uptake by NSCs, the CaFO nanoparticles are distributed in the lysosomes (pH< 5.5) and can be decomposed into Ca2+ and folic acid in the acidic environment. The Ca2+ can accelerate the differentiation rate of NSCs while the folic acid can direct the NSCs to differentiate into cholinergic neurons. The in vitro experiments demonstrate that under the stimulation of CaFO nanoparticles, the NSCs differentiate into functional cholinergic neurons within 5 d. Animal experiments prove that the CaFO nanoparticles also promote the neuronal differentiation of NSCs in vivo, leading to the improvement in the cognitive memory ability of AD mice. This study provides a new strategy to induce the quick differentiation of NSCs into functional cholinergic neurons, which is promising for the treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inosine is proven to promote the proliferation and function of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+ T) under glucose restriction and enhance the efficacy of programmed cell death protein ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) blockade therapy. However, systemic administration of high frequencies and large doses of inosine and anti‐PD‐L1 antibody (aPDL1) is required, which inevitably reduces bioavailability and causes severe immunological side effects. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a drug delivery system to achieve gradient release of inosine and aPDL1 for local immunotherapy. In this study, an inosine‐based supramolecular hydrogel, inosine‐phenylenediboronic‐isoguanosine (IPBisoG), is successfully developed following a simple one‐pot procedure. Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the biocompatible and biodegradable IPBisoG hydrogel displays excellent stability and self‐healing properties. Furthermore, the IPBisoG hydrogel is shown to achieve the gradual and sequential release of inosine and aPDL1. Inosine, which enhances the proliferation and function of CD8+ T cells, together with aPDL1, the blocker of the immunosuppressive pathway in tumor microenvironment, can highly enhance the in vivo efficacy of PD‐L1 blockade therapy. The employment of IPBisoG hydrogel is also shown to trigger systemic immune responses. These results demonstrate that IPBisoG hydrogel can be a promising platform for tumor‐local immunotherapy in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are low cost with a promising theoretical capacity and inherent safety, and thus have drawn increasing attention as prospective energy storage devices in large‐scale energy storage systems. However, severe dendrite growth and side reaction problems hinder the practical application of ZIBs. Here, molecular sieves with ordered mesoporous channels are constructed to tailor the local electrolyte solvation structure on the zinc surface. Different high‐concentration solvation structures can be realized by adjusting the pore diameter of the molecular sieve, and the optimal pore geometry is a mesoporous channel with a diameter of 2.5 nm that induces the formation of a locally concentrated electrolyte and affords a lower Zn2+ de‐solvation energy in Mobil composition of matter number 41 (MCM41). The resulting MCM41‐Zn anode exhibits high cycling stability for Zn stripping/plating under different current densities (over 1800 h at 1 mA cm–2, 1 mAh cm–2, and 2200 h at 5 mA cm–2, 1 mAh cm–2). Moreover, the CaV8O20·nH2O//MCM41‐Zn full cell shows a high capacity of 274.2 mAh g−1 and a long lifespan (no capacity decay after 1000 cycles at 4 A g–1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high electronic conductivity and tailorable structural properties of MXene materials make them promising candidates for energy storage. However, their poor chemical instability and self‐stacking effect greatly limit their application, especially in aqueous systems. Here, using a eutectic etching approach, hydroxylated borophene is used as a trifunctional mediator to construct robust Ti3C2Tx‐based MXene/B self‐assembled film electrodes for zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs). Due to this mediator, the as‐formed strong interfacial binding within the heterostructure can give rise to an integrated modification effect and promote high‐efficiency interface energy storage. One is to strengthen the thermodynamic stability of local Ti─O bonds and inhibit the irreversible degradation of MXene; two is to enlarge the interface space of the MXene electrode and boost the ion transport; three is to improve the interfacial Zn2+ trapping ability without affecting Zn2+ migration on the MXene surface. Thus, the MXene/B electrode exhibits a high areal capacitance (537.9 mF cm−2) at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2 and an extraordinary cycling stability at 1 mA cm−2, with 99.64% retention after 40 000 cycles, which far surpasses that of most previous reports. This work provides a pathway for overcoming the interface storage limit of MXene electrodes to construct high‐performance ZICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inosine-Based Supramolecular Hydrogel for Highly Efficient PD-L1 Blockade Therapy via Mediating CD8+ T Cells (Adv. Funct. Keywords: CD8 + T cells; immunotherapy; inosine; programmed cell death protein ligand-1; supramolecular hydrogels EN CD8 + T cells immunotherapy inosine programmed cell death protein ligand-1 supramolecular hydrogels 1 1 1 08/18/22 20220815 NES 220815 B Tumor Immunotherapeutic Gels b In article number 2204273, Dunfang Zhang, Hang Zhao, and co-workers demonstrate that an inosine-based supramolecular hydrogel, IPBisoG, can achieve the gradual and sequential release of inosine and aPDL1. CD8 + T cells, immunotherapy, inosine, programmed cell death protein ligand-1, supramolecular hydrogels. [Extracted from the article]

Preparation of Tortuous 3D -CsPbI3 Films at Low Temperature by CaI2 as Dopant for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Mater. i B 2019 b , I 29 i , 1808986 In the originally published version of the article, the non-perovskite CsPbI SB 3 sb phase was referred to as " -CsPbI SB 3. sb " However, in most current reports, the non-perovskite CsPbI SB 3 sb phase is widely represented as " -CsPbI SB 3 sb ". To maintain consistency in usage of the term, all instances of " -CsPbI SB 3 sb " refers to " -CsPbI SB 3 sb ". [Extracted from the article]

Inorganic cubic CsPbI3 perovskite (α‐CsPbI3) has been widely explored for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its thermal stability and suitable bandgap of 1.73 eV. However, α‐CsPbI3 usually requires high synthesis temperatures (>320 °C). Additionally, it usually undergoes phase transition to the nonperovskite structure phase (β‐CsPbI3), which results in poor photoelectric performance in devices. In this study, it is first found that the tortuous 3D CsPbI3 phase (γ‐CsPbI3) can be prepared and used for PSCs by solution process without any additive at low temperature (60 °C). The γ‐CsPbI3 exhibits suitable bandgap of 1.75 eV and favorable photoelectric properties. However, γ‐CsPbI3 is a metastable phase and easily transforms into β‐CsPbI3 in ambient moisture. In order to improve the stability of γ‐CsPbI3, calcium ions (Ca2+) with a relatively small radius of 100 pm are used to partially substitute lead ions (119 pm). This research proves that Ca2+ can effectively improve the stability of the γ‐CsPbI3 at room temperature. By optimizing the doping concentration of Ca2+ (CsPb1−xCaxI3, x is from 0% to 2%), the Ca2+‐doped γ‐CsPbI3 PSCs achieve a hysteresis‐free J–V curve and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]