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The quantitative detection of microRNA (miR) and multimode-imaging-induced photothermal therapy in vivo have become the focus of much attention. Platinum (Pt) decorated gold nanorods (AuNR-Pt) and Ag2S core-satellite (AuNR-Pt@Ag2S) multifunctional nanostructures are fabricated to quantify intracellular miRs (miR-21), near-infrared fluorescence cell quantitative imaging, and tumor ablation in vivo. When combined with miR-21, the nanoassembly displays significant fluorescence intensity in the second window of the near-infrared region (1000-1700 nm) after 808 nm excitation. The Ag2S fluorescence intensity has a good linear relationship with the amount of intracellular miR in the range of 0.054-20.45 amol ngRNA −1 and a limit of detection of 0.0082 amol ngRNA −1. The nanoassembly is also used to develop multimodal bioimaging, including near-infrared, X-ray computed tomographic, and photoacoustic imaging in HeLa-tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the tumors are completely eliminated by the high photothermal capacity of the AuNR-Pt@Ag2S assembly. This nanoassembly provides a multifunctional nanoplatform for the ultrasensitive detection of miRs and tumor diagnosis and therapy in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strong plasmonic chiroptical activities of gold core-DNA-silver shell nanoparticles (NPs) are reported for the first time, using cytosine-rich single-stranded DNA as the template for the guidance of silver shell growth. The anisotropy factor of the optically active NPs at 420 nm reaches 1.93 × 10−2. Their chiroptical properties are likely induced by the DNA-plasmon interaction and markedly amplified by the strong electromagnetic coupling between the gold core and silver shell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of triboelectric polymers relies on their molecular structure. Therefore, investigating how to construct high‐performance molecular structures of triboelectric polymers becomes imperative, yet the relationship between microscopic structural parameters and triboelectric performance remains unclear. In this study, the relationship is studied between dihedral angles of adjacent conjugated planes and triboelectric performance. Various polyimide monomers are synthesized to manipulate the conjugated dihedral angles within the molecular chains. Introducing larger dihedral angles in polyimides (PIs) reduces the conjugation between molecular chains, suppressing the formation of charge transfer complexes (CTCs), and widening the energy gap between molecular orbitals. With the increase in dihedral angles, the output performance improved by 100%. The surface charge density of 335 µC·m−2 is achieved through the synergistic effect of the high charge retention capability of the PI film and the high triboelectric properties of the corona‐polarized fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). A large dihedral angle can form numerous deep traps and effectively prevent charge escaping while ensuring stable output. This study provides a feasible strategy for investigating the construction of high triboelectric performance molecular structures, enriching the understanding of how molecular structures influence the triboelectric properties of polymer materials and promote high‐performance fluorine‐free and environmentally friendly polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]