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A heat transfer and solidification model of slab continuous casting process was developed, and the nail-shooting experiments were carried out to verify and improve the prediction accuracy. The comparison between the simulation and the measurements results showed that, there exists difference between the model predicted liquid core length and the calculated liquid core length according to the measurement results of the solidification shell thickness. In the present study, the value of constant a in the heat transfer coefficient calculation formula was corrected through back-calculation, results showed that, the suitable value of a is 31.650, 33.468 and 35.126 when the casting speed is 0.8m·min-1, 0.9m·min-1 and 1.0m·min-1 respectively, which can meet the liquid core length of the measurement results. The developed model built a foundation for the application of dynamic secondary cooling, and dynamic soft reduction.

Periodic signal is abundant in ship radiated noise. Its detection is an important step towards active control of ship’s acoustic signature. Based on power spectrum analysis and DEMON analysis, an approach to detect line spectrum and modulation spectrum of ship radiated noise is proposed. Periodogram method is used for power spectrum estimation. The separation of line and continuous spectrum, false positive removal, and line spectrum merging are conducted to improve the quality of detected characteristic line spectrum. Via DEMON analysis, steady physical characteristics including propeller’s rotational speed and number of blades are obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by simulation results.

Based on the walking mechanism and the researching method for the serial-parallel mechanism, one multi-sports mode wheel-leg mobile robot is proposed in this paper; Firstly, the serial mechanism model of one leg is constructed, and the method for constructing the kinematic model of the single leg mechanism is studied; Secondly, based on the study of the single leg mechanism, the kinematic model of the parallel mechanism of the multi-sports mode wheel-leg robot is further constructed when the robot is in the support state; Finally, based on the methods and theories discussed above, the experimental prototype mobile robot is constructed, so feasibility of the proposed method is verified.

(Ni, Fe)-codoped ZnO powder was synthesized by a sol-gel process, using oxalic acid zinc as the zinc source. Effects of the pH value of the precursor solution and the calcination temperature on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of (Ni, Fe)-codoped ZnO powder were studied by using methyl orange as the degradation object. The structures, morphology and ingredients were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that all the samples are polycrystalline with a nanocrystal size of about 20~30nm. The methyl orange solution (8 mg/L) was degraded by more than 50% in 12 hours under the irradiation of natural light in the presence of the (Fe, Ni)-codoped ZnO sample synthesized under these conditions: the doping concentrations of both Ni, Fe are 1%, the pH of the precursor solution is 7.5, and the calcination temperature is 375°C. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of (Ni, Fe)-codoped ZnO powder is discussed qualitatively, based on the microstructure analysis.

The N-methylphenylamino group conjugated to the 2 position of the benzimidazolium core via a vinyl group in the structure of AKT inhibitor IV was efficiently substituted by treating AKT inhibitor IV with excess of N-methylcyclohexanamine and N-methylbenzylamine. The two new compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopy. The control experiment with benzimidazole precursor of AKT inhibitor IV resulted in no amine-exchange reaction, indicating that the positive charge in the benzimidazolium salt is the major factor for the activation of the terminal conjugated N-methylphenylamino group.

Two purine-nucleoside monophosphates have been prepared from the corresponding nucleoside 5′-H-phosphonate precursors via sequential silylation, oxidation, and hydrolysis reactions in a one-pot manner. Compared to the reaction performed in the presence of pyridine, the hydrolysis of iodophosphate in the absence of pyridine generated nucleoside 5′-monophosphates as the major product. The experimental results indicated that the reaction between the formed nucleoside 5′-monophosphate with the residual iodophosphate intermediate was relatively slow, making the self-condensed dinucleoside diphosphate a minor product in this reaction.

It becomes common practice to reduce a large-scale power grid into a simplified one using transient stability simulator and have it modeled on electromagnetic transients programs. However, the procedure of network reduction may produce negative resistance, which may result in some problems in electromagnetic transient simulation. This paper firstly demonstrates that the negative resistance will probably lead to numerical instability in electromagnetic transient simulation. And then the forming mechanism of the negative resistance during network reduction using Gaussian Elimination is revealed. Several schemes for negative resistance elimination are presented at last.

Treatment of 1,2-phenylenediamines and 3-(N-phenyl-N-methyl) aminoacrolein with ZrCl4as catalyst in refluxing 95% ethanol afforded unexpected 2H-benzimidazole derivatives as the major products. It was determined that the formation of 2H-benzimidazoles was not from the decomposition of the 2-aminovinyl benzimidazoles.

The chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm was presented to solving optimal power flow. The proposed OPF considers the total cost of generators as the objective functions. To enhance the performance of algorithm, a premature convergence strategy was proposed. The strategy can be divided into two parts. In the first part, a method is introduced to judge premature convergence, while another part provides an advance method to improve the performance of algorithm with searching the solution in total feasible region. The control strategy used to prevent premature convergence will obtain starting values for initial particle before program iterating, so it can provide bitter probability of detecting global optimum solution. The simulation results on standard IEEE 30-bus system minimizing fuel cost of generator show the effectiveness of the chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm, and can obtain a good solution.

With the rapid development of DG, especially the access of large-scale renewable energy, traditional simple distribution network with unique source turns into ADN with multiple sources, making the distribution network more complicated. In this paper, The power source and grid planning of traditional and intelligent distribution network are discussed, based on which the problems ADN faces and the research difficulty are focused on. The key technology of ADN planning is analyzed, including the uncertainty of load forecasting, the ADN absorption capacity for DG and the cost-effectiveness of ADN planning. Some suggestions for the research direction of ADN in the future are made at the end, providing reference for the ADN planning with large-scale renewable energy access.

The N-methylphenylamino moiety in Akt inhibitor-IV was efficiently substituted by a 1-phenylpiperazinyl group via an amine-exchange reaction to afford a novel Akt inhibitor-IV analogue.

When DC transmission system adopts monopole earth or bipolar imbalance operation mode, the DC grounding electrode will inject large amount of current into the earth, and then disturb the running of the power grid. In view of the influence which is created by DC transmission system in Guangdong power grid, this paper derived the mathematical expressions of the transformer neutral point current after creating a calculation model, and concluded the main influence factors; The subject applied the linear regressing analysis theory to calculate the regression equations of transformers so that the slope of the regressing equation can be used to estimate the influence scope of grounding DC. Finally it concludes that: transformer neutral point current and the power transmitted by DC system has positive correlation; For ±800kV DC Chu Sui, the transformers ,which is more than 80 km away from DC grounding electrode, will no longer be affected; The application of DC suppression devices will affect the neutral point current of the transformers nearby.

In this paper, a new system splitting scheme based on the identification of weak connection is proposed. This paper firstly claims that if two nodes in a transmission line are related to two different generator groups or irrelated to any generator group, the transmission line is regarded as weak connection. And matrix R is presented to reflect the relevance between load nodes and generator groups after faults are cleared. The candidate strategy space is composed of these transmission lines of weak connection. Secondly, the procedure of searching the splitting surfaces is listed to illustrate how the splitting scheme works. Finally IEEE 39-bus system is used to verify the feasibility of this splitting scheme.

In 2013, China Southern Power Grid (CSG) installed three ±200Mvar STATCOMs on the 500kV substations which are adjacent to the receiving ends of multiple HVDC lines. Based on the project of STATCOM test in CSG, the ±200Mvar cascaded STATCOM simulation model is established in the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) ,the aim is to study the modeling technology of H Bridge valve group by using small time-step and main control strategy .Amounts of tests has been done to verify the validity of the cascaded STATCOM model in different control modes. The RTDS STATCOM model also tested in the closed-loop CSG power network and the transient state response characteristics has been compared with real STATCOM control and protection devices for engineering prototype to verify the feasibility of the model. The constructed model has been successfully applied on the analysis of impacts on AC/DC paralleled CSG with STATCOM using RTDS.

Polyphosphazenes containing carbazole grafted by azo nitrobenzene is synthesized by microwave method in this paper. Its structure is characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. This new polymer, with both electro-optic(EO) property and photoconductive property, has unique stability and can be easily processed. Terahertz(THz) wave can be detected using the device which is made with our new polymer. The time domain waveform and frequency spectrum of the THz wave are obtained.

The combination of biomass gasification and molten carbonate fuel/micro-gas turbine (MCFC/MGT) hybrid system offers great potential as a future sustainable power generation system. A numerical model of a 100 kW classic MCFC/MGT hybrid system using biomass syngas as fuel has been developed. The simulation was performed to investigate the influence of operation conditions and the syngas compositions on the system performance. The results show that the MCFC/MGT can keep its performance when using syngas gas as fuel which confirms the feasibility of biomass gasification-MCFC/MGT hybrid system. According to the simulation results, the increase of MGT pressure ration and MCFC inlet temperature positively affects the system performance, the fluctuation of syngas composition has little effects on the system.

According to the characteristics of high strength weathering steel, this paper designs to develop anexperimental steel S450EW with yield strength higher than 450MPa.Through the study,it has been found that with decreasing cooling rate, the organizational changed largely, while ferrite and pearlite gradually transformed to martensite and a small amount of ferrite, then finally tomartensite organization.It has also been found that the crystal size decreased, and the experimentalsteel also precipitated a rectangular second phase particles of (NbTi) CN phase and TiC, which were sparsely distributed with the size of 100 ~ 300nm and below 30nm, while some phases were distributedasa number of strips in the grain boundary which mainly are C, Fe, Cr.

The pollution of chromium salt industry is increasingly serious in China and becomes a worldwide problem with the rapid development of chromium salt industry. Then a new clean production process with a high recovery rate of chromium and pollution-free was proposed according to the comprehensive summary of existing processes of basic chromium sulphate. Furthermore, a small amount of slag will be discharged in this short process with lower energy consuming. The design concept is also applicable to the preparation of other chromium salts products, which will eliminate the pollution of Cr6+ during the process of chromium salt production and be helpful to the comprehensive utilization of chromium salt. In addition, the guidance of scholar research and the broad application prospects of this work cannot be neglected.

As one of the raw material resources in China, chromium salt production has been paid to close attention. Alkali process of chromium salt produces serious environmental pollution, while acid production of chromium salt has separation problems of chromium-iron ions. The separation process of chromium-iron ions in acidic solution by the combination technology of hydrothermal method and ihleite method is studied in this paper. which finds that: with the increase of reaction temperature or with the extension of reaction time, precipitation rate of iron increases, while loss rate of chromium decreases.

On the basis of OCED Guideline 106, batch sorption studies were employed to reveal sorption of atrazine by amending biochar in tropical soils, namely, laterite, paddy soil and dry red soil. Biochar,a micro-porosity and great surface product, was generated by pyrolysis of manioc wastes at 750°C(BC750) and modified substances (MC750) were produced by loading Fe3+. The mechanism of sorption was examined by charactering BC750 and MC750. In this study, carbonization can improve aromaticity, specific surface and alkaline groups of biomass. The isotherms of atrazine in soil seemed closed to linear with partition, whereas the sorption of atrazine in biochar-added soil was a mainly pore-filling mechanism to exhibit nonlinearity. Temkin model was satisfactorily analyzed the sorption isotherm of atrazine by BC750/MC750 into soil with R2 between 0.92~0.998. HI of all the sorbents were greater than 1, which indicated that the desorption rate was higher than the sorption rate. BC750/MC750 had a greater affinity for atrazine in soil than that of unamended soil. And the sorption capacity of unmodified biochar is slightly less than modified biochar, but the desorbed amounts of atrazine are less. Results indicated that biochars derived from agricultural wastes can play a crucial role in the removal of hydrophobic organic chemicals.

Industrialization bring a great deal of environmental burden in our country, heavy metal pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. In order to prevent and control the Heavy metals pollution effectively, this paper discusses the location problem of heavy metals enterprises. Through the discussion of the factors of heavy metals company location, based on the health protection distance, establish multi-objective model by achieving three goals: minimizing the risks of surrounding neighborhoods; fair maximization; Cost minimization. The optimal heavy metal enterprises location has certain practical significance in the control of heavy metal pollution events.

Twenty-five topsoil samples (0-20cm) were collected to determine the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) residues from the agricultural soil in the Miyun County. The average measured concentrations of HCH and DDT were 1.07±0.84 and 6.54±7.88 ng·g-1, separately (dry weight; n=25; shown as arithmetic mean and standard deviation), which were lower than most of the results reported in literatures. Both of the detectable rates of HCH and DDT were 100％ and the residual levels was lower than most of other Chinese region．According to the values of isomers ratios, it show that HCH mainly from residues, therefore there were still new sources of DDT which entered into the soil of the studied area.

A study on the reaction paths of the reduction of bis (2-(benzoylamino) phenyl) disulfide revealed that both intramolecular cyclization and intermolecular substitution reactions happened upon cleavage of the disulfide bond by triphenylphosphine under acidic condition.

An approach to actively control the low frequency linear spectrum in vessel navigation noise is proposed. The approach relies on the introduction of a secondary noise-cancellation source which is fixed aboard and whose signal generation uses the estimated location knowledge of the receiver. Loss of underwater acoustic transmission is modeled and Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to analyze the noise-reduction effects under different location estimation errors. Simulation results show that bearing estimation error is the predominant factor affecting the radius of the effective noise-reduction region, while distance estimation error has considerable effect only when the perpendicular distance from the receiver to vessels course is quite small. Besides, when bearing estimation error is less than 1.2° and distance estimation error is less than 80%, satisfactory noise reduction region can be obtained using the approach.

The air cooler reduce the working temperature of the transformer, high temperature will reduce the transformers life, and even make insulation overheating, aging, then the transformer will be damaged. The air cooler which is forced oil circulation in transformer outdoor in substation has been monitored. The real-time monitoring of 24-hours indicates that the temperature changes in the range of 3°C. The ambient temperature is lower than the temperature of fan about 1°C. At the long-term of 479 days, the average daily temperature range of fan is 35.32°C, the maximum temperature is 50.25°C on August 18,2011, and the maximum temperature is 14.93°C on January 17, 2011. The daily average of ambient temperature range is 37.59°C, the maximum temperature is 51.16°C on August 17, 2011,and the minimum temperature is 13.57°C on January 17, 2011. The maximum difference between the temperature of fan and the ambient temperature is 12.48°C on September 15, 2011. According to the relevant standards and monitoring results, the maximum threshold of fan temperature is defined to 80°C, and the threshold of temperature rise is 20°C.

Bioventing is an in situ forced oxidative soil remediation technology which combined soil vapor extraction with biodegradation. It has broad application prospects of soil contamination caused by underground storage tank leakage. Orthogonal experiment as a high efficiency, rapid and economical experimental design method has been widely used in many research. In order to enhance bioventing and shorten the cycle of pollution control,it is necessary to study the mechanism of the interaction among the different factors to quantify the interaction and accelerate the degradation rate. In this study, five factors (initial diesel concentration, venting mode, pore volume number during soil venting, soil moisture content and the ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate) which influence bioventing was chosen to conduct orthogonal experiment of the remediation of diesel contaminated soil by enhancing bioventing. The results show that: 1)Initial diesel concentration and soil moisture content have main effects on the remediation of diesel contaminated soil by bioventing, then the ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate and pore volume number during soil venting. Venting mode has the weakest effect. 2)When 40mg oil/g soil of diesel concentration, air injecting from the bottom of column, 4 vk·d-1 of the pore volume number during soil venting, 100:20:1 of the ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate and soil water content for 20% of the maximum of soil water holding capacity, that would reach a larger removal rate.

Accurate mechanics parameters are the precondition of reasonable calculation in the finite element method to calculate the deformation and stability of the rock mass engineering stability. Partition classification method can be used in the simulation of macro-mechanics parameters of rock mass, for the distribution of multiple sets of multi-level joint fissure in some engineering rock, the parameters of the rock mass can be simulated using the numerical method step by step or by group. Based on the partition classification method, the paper simulated the macro-mechanics parameters of natural slope upstream the left bank toe board of Maerdang hydropower station. The slope is divided into three areas according to the rock types and intensity, weathering degree, fracture, the trend and tendency of the fault, spacing and connected rate of the structure surface, the mechanics parameters of the structure surface, the groundwater conditions, and then use the partition classification method to calculate the region's macro-mechanical parameters, the results can be used to provide amount of reasonable parameters for the stability calculation of the slope in the subsequent deformation.

When porcelain insulator operates in a harsh environment for a long time, it will cause leakage current increase, and lead to heating phenomenon. As a result, the temperature of porcelain insulator can be changed, which probably due to crack, breakdown or other factors. In order to reflect the working state of the porcelain insulator, to monitor the temperature of porcelain insulator, optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors are installed respectively on the steel cap and the porcelain of porcelain insulator. In the interaction of industrial frequency voltage test of 15kV, thus the temperature of porcelain insulator can be distributed. The temperature of the porcelain insulator affects the center wavelength of optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors, which are installed on porcelain insulator. The tests show that in the pure condition, the temperature of porcelain insulator's steel cap and porcelain respectively rise 1.4°C and 1.5°C, in the polluted condition, the temperature of porcelain insulator's steel cap and porcelain respectively rise 5.8°C and 6.3°C, in the pollution level II condition, the temperature of Porcelain insulator's steel cap and porcelain respectively rise 6.8°C and 7.2°C. Therefore, by using optical fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors to monitor the change of porcelain insulator's temperature, combined with the researches of temperature characteristics, can directly reflect the porcelain insulator's working situation and real-time online monitoring.

The soybean protein fiber is one of the green fibers. It is blended with Tencel. The strength of the blended yarn is tested. The relation between the strength and the twist factor and the blended ratio is analyzed. The optimum blended ratio and the critical twist factor is determined.

In view of present situation of high energy consumption for apparel manufacturers, the reasons for high energy consumption were analyzed in this thesis which tries to explore effective solutions to the mentioned problems. And several different reform programs are presented after feasibility analysis, payback period method and other aspects of comprehensive analysis to identify the most suitable rehabilitation programs for garment production enterprise.

In order to study the effect of the impact velocity for the penetrator with enhanced lateral effect (PELE) penetrating reinforced concrete (RC) targets, penetration of PELE filled nylon against RC target using the different velocity is simulated by LS-DYNA finite element method software. Simulation shows that the impact velocity have definite effect on broken RC. On condition of PELE having penetrated target, with farther increase of impact velocity, the area of PELE broken RC on the direction of decrease firstly and augmentation thereafter, the residual velocity after penetrating target is less at the same time; Take into account validity of lateral effect and general launching condition, selecting the impact velocity at the range of 800 m/s-1300 m/s is suitable for PELE broken RC. The simulation results are in good agreement with those of the experiments.

The synthesis and performance of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) designed to enable the clean-up of the interferences existing in alprazolam (Alpra) drug samples is described. The MIP was synthesized using non-covalent molecularly imprinted method. Nimetazepam (Nimet), which has a similar chemical structure as the major impurities in Alpra drug samples, was used as the dummy template. Methacrylic acid was used as the monomer. Both the affinity and selectivity of the MIP for Nimet and structurally related compounds were examined through batch-rebinding studies. The specific binding amount of Nimet was determined to be 11.4 mg•g-1. The MIP was used as the sorbent in solid phase extraction (MI-SPE) and methanol was used as the washing solvent for the clean-up of Nimet in the Alpra complex samples. The effective clean-up of Nimet was achieved, with a recovery > 90% for Alpra, in the stimulated samples.

In the belief function theory, the combination of highly conflicting evidences is a research focus,and the key lies in both the rationality and timeliness of combination method.This paper analyzes deeply the existing strategy of model modification, and putsforward a new rapid evidence synthesis method based on model modification. The average evidence ofweighted combination on mean evidence isfirstly given, then fast combination on pignistic transformation can be realized. Thus the BBM accordancewith the principle of proportion redistribution isgot. This method has the advantage of Murphy’s method, and overcomes the large calculation problems at the same time. Comparedwith other methods, the new method is more effective to solve the combinationproblem of highly conflicting evidences, and has fast convergence speed, small computationalcomplexity, and higher practical application value.

This per systematically studies the influence of roasting temperature and time to the composition and performance of magnetic iron powder, with magnetic separated converter slag as raw material, and low-temperature roasting-magnetic separation craft is also used with analyzing methods of chemical, XRD, tinting strength and so on. The investigation reveals that: pigment type iron powder with high tinting strength and covering power can be prepared with magnetic separated converter slag. Iron content and tinting strength of the iron powder rise with reaction temperature, while the covering power tends to decrease. Tinting strength of the iron powder tends to rise with extending of reaction time, while covering power rises in the first and reduces afterward, with highest covering power of 56g•m-2 at reaction time of 30min.

The program 7A04 aluminum alloy loading-wheels spinning process is described briefly. It formulates the process parameters of aluminum alloy loading-wheels spinning. It uses the aluminum alloy sheet heat spinning process. It analyzes conventional spinning preformed and spinning flanging forming technology regulation. It studies the lubricating technology in the spinning process. The cracking problem is analyzed and solved in the spinning process. The mechanical performance test and the internal organization of the inspection are detected. The finished product meets the requirements. The small batch loading-wheels are produced, which lay the foundation for large quantities loading-wheel spinning production for future.

In order to realize remote measure, remote communication and remote control function in wind-solar hybrid street light operation management system, a kind of management system based on ZigBee technology is introduced by this paper. This design is used JN513x series ZigBee wireless communication micro controller to build hardware platform, and is used Modbus protocol to manage all light controllers. The data exchange between each wireless module and the gathering terminal is completed by ZigBee wireless network. The data exchange between each gathering terminal and monitoring center is completed by GPRS/CDMA network. This design has applied to Hunan new energy road lighting project with stability and excellent performance.

Currently, battery management system is one of the attraction research topics in the battery management technologies. This paper researches a battery management system based on RS232 and Ethernet, which provides the managers manage the remote batteries in the comfortable and large office. It greatly betters the workers working environment and lights the labor strength. Arm as the kernel of the management system, which is programmed by the real-time operate system uc/os. Through analyzing the requirement of the battery management, hardware system and software system are designed by the thought of layering. The layering thought builds the management system, which can be amended to adapt to the other management. It provides the flexible for the battery management system.

In order to realize the conversion from computer flat knitting machine design pattern to control data, a kind of control data preparation method in development of computerize flat knitting machine is introduced by this paper. This method has five parts, including of PAT data, CNT data, SYS data, KSD data, and FKD data. This paper illustrates the function of all the data documents and data definition, and give the FKD data conversion algorithm. Most existing pattern of design software flat knitting machine process files can be compatible by this method. FKD data conversion algorithm has small burden of data to control system. FKD data transmission is compact and can be quickly applied in all kinds of master-slave type of computer knitting machine control system. This design has applied to computerize flat knitting machine controller with stability of processing data and excellent performance.

To improve the quality controlling of pipeline steel and to avoid mis-down grade, the cleaness including content of non-metallic inclusions, total oxygen and nitrogen of the first continuous casting slags of X70 pipeline steel were investigated. Results showed that, content of total oxygen, nitrogen, large non-metallic inclusions and inclusions areal density decrease with casting length increasing gradually. But at casting length of about 5.0 m which is just during the drastic changeing period of casting speed approaching to stead casting state, the content of large non-metallic inclusions and inclusions areal density increases abruptly induced by the entrapment of mold powders. Thus, to decrease the degradation rate of pipeline slab, the increasing rate of casting speed should be adjusted more evenly.

The finite-element model of pure electric bus has been built and the free model analysis, displacement and stress analysis under bending condition and torsion condition have been conducted. Optimally design the pure electric bus frame based on multiple constrains. Reduce the body frame quality by 4.3% and meanwhile meet the modal and stress requirements.

This study uses" HIFRL" type in the intermediate energy heavy ion accelerator (Institute of modern physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences provides) 12C6+ ion beam through mutagenesis. Three alfalfa seeds are irradiated by dose of 0Gy, 200Gy, 400Gy, 800Gy and 1200Gy. The germination experiment of alfalfa seed has been done in the laboratory. And in the field, The germination rate , plant height and branch number of planting experiment in the field have been preliminarily observed. The results show that three kinds of alfalfa seeds irradiated at 200Gy not only improve the germination rate, but also enhance the vitality of seeds. The germination rate , plant height and branch number of three different alfalfa irradiated by heavy beam ion have been changed. The germination rate of ZhongLan No. 1 was 41.7% when the seed of alfalfa were irradiated at dose of 200Gy, which was increased 18.4% compared with the control group. The average height of growth of 40 days alfalfa in ZhongLan No. 1 was 6.68cm in the radiation dose of 800Gy, which was increased 1.2cm compared with the control group. The number of branches Tacheng alfalfa was increased the 0.91 (5.16vs 4.25, P

Cu(In0.8Al0.2)(SSe)2 (CIASSe) absorber layers of thin film solar cell were prepared by selenization of Cu(In0.8Al0.2)S2(CIAS) nanocrystals. The CIAS nanocrystals were synthesized by a new solution-based technique and successfully deposited on Mo-coated glass substrates in a one-step process. The phase structure, optical and electrical properties of CIASSe thin films were characterized by power X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and the Hall Effect Measurement system. The results showed that single-phase CIASSe solid solution was successfully obtained for a selenization temperature of above 400oC. And the diffraction peaks shifted to the lower angle with an increase in selenization time and selenization temperature. The films selenized at 500oC were found to be p-type and the resistivity was only 0.9484×10-4Ω cm. The optical band gap of the films is 1.508eV and the optical absorption coefficient is over 104cm-1.

Thin films of RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ (RE=La, Pr, Nd) nominal composition were grown on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) single crystal substrates by ion-beam sputtering deposition method. The X-ray diffraction spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were measured for RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ thin films with perovskite structure. The experimental results indicate that the average grain size of RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ thin films ranges from 86 to 165 nm，and the film obtained by heat-treating at 750 °C is highly oriented . The RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ thin films being mixed-valent systems contains Co3+ and Co4+ ions. There is oxygen vacancy at an interface region for RE0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ thin films.

Finite element analysis is an advanced technology, by which a complicated engineering problem can be solved by theory analysis. Firstly, we build a 3D model of a hydraulic component under 3D software environment. Then the component model is load into FEA module. Subsequently, the model is meshed and set the outer loading. At last, the analysis step is conducted and get the result. The result showed the optimized structure of component. It assumed that the study result have some value for further improved design

The effect of electromagnetic treatment on corrosion behavior of carbon steel and stainless steel in simulated cooling water was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization techniques and water analysis. It was found that the charge transfer resistance decreased and the corrosion current density increased after electromagnetic treatment for carbon steel electrode, which shows that such treatment promotes corrosion of carbon steel in simulated cooling water. In contrast, the pitting potential of 316L stainless steel electrode rose which revealed that electromagnetic treatment of the experimental water exhibited corrosion inhibition to 316L stainless steel. Reasons for different corrosion behavior of the two metals were discussed.

Utilizing Pakistan chromite as raw material, the rapid leaching of chromium and iron could be realized by the sulfuric acid leaching process on the condition of atmospheric pressure and the addition of oxidant A. And the leaching rate of chromium and iron would be 98.5% and 71.9%, respectively. The sulfuric acid leaching processes with different temperature were systematically studied by chemical analysis and phase analysis. The results showed that, with the increase of reaction temperature, the leaching rate of chromium would increase gradually, but the leaching rate of iron increased at first and then decreases and reached its maximum at 140°C. When the temperature > 160°C, the phases of the leaching residue were magnesium iron silicate and a few of silica, no chromohercynite, chrompicotite and magnesioferrite existed in the chromite. The leaching solution of sulfuric acid leaching process could be used for preparing the basic chrome sulfate, and there is no Cr6+ in the leaching residue and solution. The results would provide theoretical guidance for solving environmental pollution problem of Cr6+ in traditional chromate production process.

This paper has proposed a drive theory for magnetic suspended knitting needles based on the magnetic suspension theory. The feasibility of the principles for suspended-driven needle selection of circular knitting machine has been discussed. The mechanical characteristics of needles under different drive conditions, and the stress analysis of electromagnetic force have been simulated with ANSYS software.

According to the actual working conditions of the hydraulic drill, mechanical properties of track frame are analyzed. Through building simple physical model of the overall structure of the hydraulic drilling rig, a kind of finite element simple analysis method is introduced. Systems analysis of the force statuses of the track frame has been done. As a result, a few of dangerous working conditions are determined. Combining the dangerous working conditions and doing the finite element analysis on the track frame, more accurate stress distributions of track frame may be obtained. These provide a more accurate basis to track frame design.

This study describes the results on the performance of one vehicle air conditioning system. The coefficient of performance, evaporator cooling capacity, compressor power consumption, total mass flow rate, vapor mass flow rate, liquid mass flow rate and oil in circulation, pressures and temperatures of refrigerant at every component (inlets and outlets) are measured and analyzed with the variation of the outside temperatures at the evaporator and condenser, the speed of the compressor, refrigerant charge and oil charge. The systematical experimental results obtained from this real-size test system depict the relations between the above parameters in a vehicle air conditioning system, which constitute a useful source for vehicle air conditioning systems design and analysis. The vapor quality (two-phase flow) measurements realized in this work provide an extremely important tool for diagnosing the system performances.

The effects and mechanism of cerium, lanthanum and cerium-lanthanum alloys on microstructure and the impact toughness of high-carbon steel were studied in the present work. For high-carbon steel, the state and the content of RE were measured, and the effects and the mechanism of RE on sulfide inclusions, microstructure and the impact toughness of steel were determined. With increasing the RE addition, the sulfide inclusion can be changed from strip-like, spindle, ellipsoidal and spheric in shape. Strip-like sulfide disappears in high-carbon steel with the RE addition being 0.05%. A small quantity of RE can fine the austenitic grain, decrease the height of the SKK peak of the internal friction curve, and improve the impact toughness of high-carbon steel evidently. And the effects of lanthanum on fining the austenitic grain and improving the impact toughness is the largest, next to that of cerium-lanthanum alloys, and that of cerium is the least, which can be verified by the internal friction experiments.