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Corrosion behavior of 7A52 aluminum alloy plasma arc welding (PAW) joint was investigated in simulation of marine atmosphere environment with salt water spray test. The surface morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the effect of corrosion time on corrosion behavior was discussed. The depth of spot corrosion, the corrosion dynamic characteristics, and the distribution of element of 7A52 aluminum alloy welding joint were analyzed by 3D and XRD Microscope. Results show that pitting corrosion is main morphology in heat effect zone at initial stage, pitting corrosion appears in matrix and welding joint with time. The main component compounds existing in the film include Al and O. The depth of pitting corrosion in the heat effect region is the maximum (3.008μm). The law of power function is followed in both phases of the corrosion weight increasing curve, and the corrosion rate decreases with time.

Bone drilling commonly exists in clinical practice and the heat and force generated by the drilling process has a huge impact on the surgery effect and the recovery of patients. High speed drilling, proved to have less injury and be more efficient when compared to the traditional low speed drilling, is considered to be the development direction of bone drilling-related surgeries. In order to make a further study of the controlling of the heat and force during the bone drilling process, the experiment designed to examine the influence of the diamond coating has been conducted and the result indicates that the diamond coating generally has little influence on the drilling force, however, it can increase the drilling temperature to a certain extent which indicates that the diamond coating is not suitable to apply to bone drills under the conditions of the conducted experiments. The result of this research could be of some help to the development of new kinds of medical drills.

Cutting force and temperature are the two chief factors affecting bone rehabilitation during bone cutting in many orthopedic surgeries. To reveal new knowledge of thermal and force when milling cortical bone, slotting experiments were carried on high-speed milling platform. Cutting force and temperature were measured during the milling process. The effects of cutting inputs on cutting thermal and force were researched in detail. The results showed that: feed rate and spindle speed had a great impact on the milling temperature, while the milling force was mainly influenced by spindle speed. A feed rate of 1.0-1.4 mm/s is recommended to obtain preferable milling force and temperature, and a larger feed rate of 1.2-1.4 mm/s is advised to use with a lower spindle speed (8000-20000 r/min), while a smaller feed rate of 1.0-1.2 mm/s should be chosen when spindle speed was between 20000-40000 r/min. Feeding parallel to the growth direction of the cortical bone can significantly reduce the milling temperature, but there was no obvious change in milling force. The lowest cutting temperature obtained during the experiment was around 50 °C without coolant, which was acceptable for orthopedic surgeries.

Tencel fabrics were treated with low pressure plasma with air for different treatment time. The samples were tested their thickness and calculated each mean value of fabrics treated with different time. The result indicated that samples became thicker with the prolonged plasma treatment time. The samples were also divided into two groups and tore along warp and weft direction, respectively, to measure the influence of plasma treatment time on the tearing strength. The result of the measurement implied that the tearing strength of samples treated 1 minute by plasma decreased dramatically, when they were compared with the untreated ones. However, the decrease of the tearing strength became slight when the plasma treatment increased to 5, 10 and 20 minutes.

To study the influence of KCl pretreating on the pyrolysis kinetics of soybean stalk, the pyrolysis of soybean stalk pretreated by different concentration KCl solutions were performed by nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at five different heating rates. The Ozawa method was employed to calculate the activation energy. The results showed that the pyrolysis process of the soybean stalk pretreated by 3% and 10% KCl solution can be separated into four stages (water loss, depolymerization and vitrification, thermal decomposition, and carbonization). With the heating rate increasing, the main pyrolysis zone of the TG (thermogravimetric) and DTG curves move to the higher temperature region, and the maximum pyrolysis rate and its corresponding temperature increase too. A small amount of metal salts addition is conducive to the formation of volatile, and a certain amount of metal salts can improve the charcoal yield. More KCl additive makes the lower activation energy value, and the obtained activation energy value increases with the reaction degree.

As high polymer materials, textile materials are easily to be carbonized and then disappear, so it is almost impossible to study the origin of it from physical evidence. Based on the objective historical facts, through analysis and inference, the paper believed that textile materials, as soft materials, are better than stone tools in the aspects of obtaining, making, functions and uses. Two hypotheses about the origin of textile materials are proposed. The first is that textile materials originate from tools, and the origin time of it is not later than stone tools. The second is that signs and clothing application of textile materials both evolve from its usage as tools, so the origin sequence of textile materials is tools, signs, and clothing.

Water quality on-line monitoring is the necessary means to control water environment pollution and provide effective data for the research of water ecological restoration. Using free wireless communicating module of ZigBee we realized transmitting data from sensors on the river bank to the data storage center. Based on serial ports of micro-controller a protocol converter circuit was designed. With program the Modbus RTU protocol data packet on RS-485 bus was converted into ZigBee communication protocol and then transmitted to the Internet. Supplemented by GSM the reliability of data was enhanced. Water quality online monitoring system based on multiple data communication provides browse of real-time river water quality through the Internet network, which is fast and convenient to be exported for research.

The dithered ring laser gyro (DRLG) strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is widely used in many applications, including military and commercial systems for the advantages such as high accuracy, wide dynamic range and bandwidth, outstanding scale factor stability over temperature, compactness and lower cost. However, the dither motion introduced to eliminate the lock-in error which is the inherent phenomena in the ring laser gyro also brought the adverse disturbance to the inertial measurement unit (IMU). Meanwhile, the installation environment of the SINS may also bring undesirable vibration and shock. For these reasons, a feasible and reliable suspension system is required to provide decoupling of the translational and rotational vibrations of the inertial sensor assembly (ISA) and attenuating the outside vibration and shock. Based on this, the isotropic design method of suspension system of DRLG strapdown IMU is proposed in this paper. The method consists four principles: 1) the input axes of sensors should be placed symmetrically along the ISA symmetric axes which are also the principle inertial axes; 2) the mass center of ISA is also the center of the geometric structure; 3) the elastic center of the suspension system is overlapped on the mass center by placing mounting isolators in the ISA structure corner in the isotropic manner and 4) the first mode frequency of ISA structure should be twice or more higher than the maxim mechanical dither frequency of DRLG triad. Following these principles, a design practice is implemented. The simulation and the experiment result show that the IMU using isotropic design method is proved to be feasible and reliable even in the extreme temperature ambiance.

Waterborne polyurethane and chitosan were mixed in different volume ratio, and finished on the cotton of plasma pre-treatment and non-plasma pre-treatment to discuss the influence of plasma pretreatment on the properties of the fabric. Firstly, the mixed aqueous emulsion was made into film and analyzed by FTIR. Secondly, the relationship between the properties of whiteness, wrinkle recovery performance and water vapor permeability of the fabric that finished by the only blended solution and the mixed ratio was studied. Finally, the property changes between the pretreatment with and without plasma was compared. The results showed that, the blended film not only had both polyurethane and chitosan characteristic peaks, but also generated the new characteristic peaks; the three properties of the fabric that finished by the only blended solution changed with the mixed ratio; the plasma pre-treatment would increase the fabric’s whiteness, decrease wrinkle recovery performance, but the water vapor permeability would improve obviously.

In this research, Silver—nickel alloy nanocomposites has been synthesized by reducing mixture solution of Ni2+, Ag+ with hydrazine hydrate as reducer and OP-10 as surfactant. Silver—nickel alloy nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM. And the electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by cyclic voltammetry. Ag-Ni/PANI composites were prepared by in-situ synthesis and emulsion polymerization, and the effect of conduction on the conductivity was investigated including content of alloy. The detailed analysis of the synthesis conditions shows that the reduction takes place in alkaline environment and low-temperature is propitious to generate alloy solid-solution grain. Composites prepared by emulsion polymerization in acidic aqueous solutions synthesis of polyaniline shows higher conductivity than pure polymer, due to the strong interaction between alloy particles and doping PANI.

According to the calibration problem of the dual-robot system, a simple and quick calibration method is proposed in this paper. A new frame is established by the three non-collinear points which the robots handshake at. Then the transformation matrix between the first robot base frame and the new frame and the transformation matrix between the second robot base frame and the new frame will be known. After that, the transformation matrix between the two robots’ base frames will be calculated by the relationship between them. Then we simulate this algorithm in MATLAB to verify this method. After the simulation, we can find the validity of this calibration method.

The genetic algorithm (GA) is a self-adapted probability search method used to solve optimization problems, which has been applied widely in science and engineering. In this paper, we propose an improved variable string length genetic algorithm (IVGA) for text clustering. Our algorithm has been exploited for automatically evolving the optimal number of clusters as well as providing proper data set clustering. The chromosome is encoded by special indices to indicate the location of each gene. More effective version of evolutional steps can automatically adjust the influence between the diversity of the population and selective pressure during generations. The superiority of the improved genetic algorithm over conventional variable string length genetic algorithm (VGA) is demonstrated by providing proper text clustering.

In this paper, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/epoxy resins (EP) composite was prepared by situ polymerization. MWCNTs/EP composites were prepared with different content of MWCNTs. The study of morphology and properties showed certain content of MWCNTs can well homogeneous dispersed in EP. Since of interface interaction between MWCNTs and EP, the glass transition temperature (Tg), strength and toughness of MWCNTs/EP composites were improved. Compared to the neat EP, composites prepared with 10 wt% MWCNTs showed 20 °C rising in Tg and nine orders of magnitude reduce in volume resistivity. The percolation thresholds between 4 wt% and 6 wt% are observed. Compared to the neat EP, composites prepared with 6 wt% MWCNTs showed with 83 % increase in tensile strength, 83 % increase in elastic modulus and 89 % increase in impact strength.

The aim of this study was to investigate the ozone treating effects on wool scales and wool mechanical property through experiments and observation. For this purpose, a detailed investigation on the role of mechanical properties surfacing topography, changes in component and membrane structure were investigated. After this, a micro explanation was given to discuss the mechanism of wool shrinkage. For the scales is the element factor for shrinking, so this study is of great significance to the work of shrinkproofing.

Transient and daily thermal performances of the balcony-type solar water heater with a flat-plate collector were investigated under different weather conditions in Kunming. The results showed that the solar irradiance has a few influences on the thermal performance of the solar water heater. The system thermal efficiency is 50-57% when the daily total radiation varies from 5.3 to 22.2 MJ·m-2. The initial temperature of the water in the water tank has great effects on the thermal efficiency. The daily thermal efficiency decreases by 9% when the initial temperature increases by 10°C. The percentage (Useful energy/Energy need) exceeds 60% when the daily total solar radiation is more than 11.6 MJ·m-2. When the daily total solar radiation is larger than 21 MJ·m-2, the useful energy output of the solar water heater can meet the user requirement for hot water.

In order to find out the appropriate kinetic model for biomass pyrolysis, pyrolysis experiments of four samples (untreated biomass, HCl-washed, 3%KCl-treated and 10% KCl-treated) of sweet sorghum bagasse were performed by Thermogravimetry (TG) separately at different heating rates. The pyrolysis data was processed by the methods of Ozawa、Coats-Redfern integration and Achar-Brindley-Sharp differential, and the kinetic parameters were calculated. The results showed that the activation energy from deduced mechanism functions is more approach to the Ozawa’s than that from tentative mechanism functions, and the deduced mechanism functions can more realistically reflect the dynamic process four samples of sweet sorghum bagasse pyrolysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the water effects on the scales behavior through experiments and observation by SFM and AFM. For this purpose, a detailed investigation on the role of water, PH, and treat time were investigated. After this, a model was built to discuss the swelling and upward of the wet scales. For the scales is the element factor for shrinking, so this study is of great significance to the work of shrinkproofing.

In this paper low molecular polyamide 651(PA651) is used as the curing agent of epoxy resin. The optimum curing conditions and dosage of the curing agent are obtained by DMA and FT-IR analysis. Based on the dynamic mechanical temperature spectra of samples test, the best curing conditions are room temperature 2 hours, 70°C 2 hours, 125°C 2.5 hours and 150°C 1 hours (RT / 2 h + 70 °C / 2 h +125°C / 2.5 h + 150 °C / 1 h). The best dosage of curing agent PA651 is 50 wt %. Since the analysis of Fourier Infrared spectral verified that epoxy groups react completely, the curing conditions are the best curing process.

To study the influences of the acid-washing on the characteristics of soybean stalk pyrolysis , and search the high-efficiency catalyst for biomass pyrolysis, pyrolysis experiments of soybean stalk pretreated by 0.1mol/L HCl acid solution were performed by nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at five different heating rates. The results showed the pyrolysis process of HCl-washed soybean stalk can be separated into four stages (water loss, depolymeri-zation and vitrification, thermal decomposition, and carbonization). At the same heating rate, the maximum pyrolysis rate of HCl-washed is larger than untreated soybean stalk, but the corresponding temperature is higher. All the DTG (differential thermogravimetric) curveas appear a smaller shoulder peak respectively. With the heating rate increasing, the main pyrolysis zone of the TG (thermogravimetric) and DTG curves move to the high-temperature direction, and the maximum pyrolysis rate and its corresponding temperature increase too. HCl-wahsed makes the weight loss rate of the final temperature increase 5% approximately. The value area of activation energy of the main pyrolysis area is 140.19~174.59 kJ/mol calculated by the method of Ozawa. The Šatava method inferred the most possible mechanism function of HCl-wahsed soybean stalk is Zhuralev-Lesakin-Tempelman equation, which is three-dimensional diffusion.

This paper aims to design an intelligent street lighting controller based on solar energy and LED. The controller can work in daytime mode, dusk mode based on detection of light intensity and photovoltaic voltage, and head into night mode after a certain period of time when in dusk mode. While in night mode, a dimming scheme is applied by introducing motion detection with passive infrared (PIR) sensors. The controller also integrates a ZigBee based WSN to report street lights status periodically and get instructions from the remote control center. Moreover, it can enable more efficient management and lower maintenance costs.

Based on the test methods for solar water heating systems, the unsteady thermal efficiency, the daily thermal efficiency and the daily water temperature rise of the balcony-type solar water heating system with a flat-plate solar collector fixed at a large tilt angle (≥60o) have been discussed by the experimental test in Kunming. The results indicate that the average daily thermal efficiencies of the solar collector installed at 60o, 70o, 80o and 90o are around 0.35, 0.39, 0.34 and 0.40. The intercept and the slope of the unsteady thermal efficiency equations are about 0.36~0.44 and 1.62~4.01W·°C-1·m-2. The average daily water temperature rise is 25.2°C, 20.1°C, 18.2°C and 17.4°C for the solar collector fixed at 60o, 70o, 80o and 90o.

CI activity coordination can be probably achieved by adjusting the spending ratio scale, which will economize payoff and regulate information service providers decision. The paper revealed that heterogeneity between the two information service providers through a signaling game model in which signal set was the combine of CI quality standard term. The result shows that a quality standard about CI should be designed in contract which provides a signal for information service provider to self-certify its own true type and is in favor of screening for enterprise. It also gave a simulation example to illustrate the implementation mechanism.

Microbending optical fiber pressure sensor is designed with the sensing unit based on multimode fiber in this paper. It consists of the pressure gasket, the microbending regulator and the metal clamp with fine adjustment structure. The measuring range of the sensor could be adjusted by choosing different gasket. When pressure acts on the fixture, a little displacement may occur, and luminous flux of the fiber will be lost after going through microbending part. According to the principle of light field detection, the pressure measurement can be achieved by detecting the loss of light intensity caused by different load. The basic structure of the sensor and its sensing mechanism are well introduced in this paper. In addition, for improving the effectiveness of the Microbending optical fiber pressure sensors, we set up mechanical zero adjustment and the maximal displacement limitation in order to avoid sensor breakdown caused by excess displacement.

The types and contents of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modifier are two important factors of SBS modified asphalt mixtures. Nowadays, SBS are extensively utilized to modified asphalt in order to improve the performance of the flexible pavement. The objective of this study is to determine a best selection of types and contents of SBS modifier, which can improve high-temperature stability; low-temperature anti-cracking performance and moisture susceptibility of SBS modified asphalt mixture. The mixtures with four types of SBS (Linear A, Linear B, Star A, Star B) and the different contents of each type SBS including Linear SBS of 0%, 3%, 4%, 4.5% and Star SBS of 0%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, were evaluated for the pavement performance of them under laboratory conditions. Wheel tracking test, beam bending test and freeze-thaw tensile strength test were chosen and carried out to determine high-temperature stability, low-temperature anti-cracking performance and the moisture susceptibility respectively. The laboratory testing results indicate that Star SBS show the more effective effects than Linear SBS to improve the high-temperature stability, low-temperature anti-cracking performance and moisture susceptibility of SBS modified asphalt mixture, and the optimum content of SBS can also play a key role the improvement of the pavement performance.

In this paper, the unitary structure characteristics and the super-hydrophobic properties of the lower surface of the lotus leaf and artificial biomimetic surfaces were investigated through scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurement. The measurement of wettability showed that artificial unitary structure surfaces modified with the lower surface energy material exhibit a super-hydrophobic property with a water contact angle of about 150°. The artificial structure characteristics and the super-hydrophobic properties are similar to those on the lower surface of the lotus leaf. The contribution mechanism of the unitary structure on the hydrophobic property was discussed for the surfaces of the lotus leaf and artificial biomimetic surfaces based on the Cassis-Baxter model.

In the present article, hard anodizing technique was used to prepare alumina films on aluminum alloy substrate. The change of the water contact angles on the surface of the as-anodized samples with the hard anodizing process parameters was studied. The wettability of the alumina films was reinforced by means of controlling the surface microstructure. The rough structures can trap a large amount of air and minimize the real contact area between surfaces and water droplets. The measurement of the wetting property showed that the water contact angle of the as-anodized samples increases from 82° to 130° with adjusting hard anodizing process parameters. In a word, the rough structure on the surface prepared by adjusting hard anodizing process parameters plays a vital role in the constructing of the stable hydrophobic surface on aluminum alloy.

Optical cochlear implant is an emerging applied technology of stimulating auditory neurons by using pulsed laser light as a stimulus to evoke neural activity instead of electrical currents. Laser stimulation has more potential in accuracy and high frequency resolution than electrical stimulation. In this paper we demonstrated a fiber laser system (980nm) to irradiate on guinea pig cochlear in vivo for the first time. The pulsed laser stimulation successfully evoked auditory nervous impulse, similar to acoustic stimulation. And the performance under different laser pulse intensity and pulse width is further tested and discussed. The results show that the 980nm pulsed laser stimulation with microsecond level width is effective and safe to evoke auditory response. Photoacoustic or photothermal effects maybe the main mechanism. In the end, we put forward some prospects of the applied technology in cochlear implant.

The hydrodynamics of a two-dimensional gas-solid fluidized bed with 0.03 m diameter and 0.3 m height were studied experimentally and computationally. The slugging fluidization of large particles was experimentally investigated and simulated using the Fluent 6.3 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package. By a series of cold-model test, characterization of gas-solid fluidization with large particles was studied. These results can be used to research slugging characteristics. A multifluid Eulerian model incorporating the kinetic theory for solid particles was applied to simulate the unsteady-state behavior and momentum exchange coefficients were calculated by using the Syamlal-OBrien drag functions. These results of the transfer of fluidization state, maximum bed expansion ratio and pressure fluctuation were systemically simulated in a gas-solid fluidized bed. The modeling predictions compared reasonably well with experimental data and qualitative slugging regime. The simulation results can better predict the slugging fluidization characterization of large particles.

A novel photochromic diarylethene bearing a six-membered pyrimidine as one aryl moiety was synthesized to investigate its photochromic behaviors. The diarylethene exhibited good photochromism and functioned as a fluorescence switch both in hexane and in PMMA film. The fluorescence had a remarkable initial increase with subsequent dramatic decrease with increasing concentration. The results suggested that the pyrimidine moiety played a vital role during the process of photoisomerization reaction for the diarylethene.

This paper aims to characterize the evolution of organic matter during the composting of municipal solid waste (MSW). During the 46-day composting process, six samples with different composting time were collected from Songjiang Solid Waste Biological Treatment Plant in Shanghai, China. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted by ultra-pure water, and the UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectra of DOM were scanned and investigated. The results showed that, during the composting process, non-humus substances in DOM were gradually transformed into humus substances, the aromatization, molecular weight and humification of humus substances increased. Correlation analysis showed that the absorbance value at 280 nm (SUVA280), and the area of 226~400 nm (A226~400) correlated positively with each other. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration exhibited a negative correlation with the parameters S275~295, SUVA280 and A200~226, and the correlation coefficients between the DOC content and the A220~226 value was the best (r= -0.976, P=0.001). The absorbance ratio bewteen 465 and 665 nm (E465/E665) showed a significant correlation with SUVA280 (r=-0.892, P=0.017), A226~400 (r=-0.909, P=0.012) and DOC (r=0.840, P=0.036). The absorbance ratio of 250 to 365 nm (E250/E365) correlated significantly with DOC (r=-0.880, P=0.021), and showed no correlation with the other parameters. Absorption curve slope in the range of 275~295nm (S275~295) showed a significantly positive correlation with the DOC content (r=0.961, P=0.002). Among all parameters, the A200~226, A226~400 and S275~295 values reflected compost maturity best.

A ferroelectric field effect transistor (FFET) with the metal/ferroelectric/ semiconductor (MFS) structure is designed and simulated. The simulation results show that the drain current atVg=0 after polarized is decided byPrandPr/Ps. When increasingPr,Idenhanced. WhenPr/Psdecreases,Idincreases if the FFET is saturated. When a voltage (Vp=1.5v) is applied on the FFET,Idmay be stable and not sensitive to the variation ofPr/Ps. This FFET stable output voltage is decided byEc.

The paper studied the game strategy decisions of alliance leader and members in collaborative information seeking. Based on basic Nash equilibrium model with complete information, it researched Bayesian-Nash equilibrium under incomplete information condition which further implied that the incompleteness of information had effected on the alliance leader’s compensation policy. Furthermore, it revealed a methodology to analyze the stability of Bayesian-Nash equilibrium and gave a detailed algorithm. It provided a framework to systematically explore the relationships between alliance leader and other members while solving work tasks in collaboration.

As micro-grid technology's development, it has played an important role in improving the diversity and power quality of power supply. Micro-grid power supply planning is an important part of the micro-grid planning, the paper describes two different micro-grid power supply planning simulation logic, to provide some reference ideas for the micro-grid power supply planning simulation.

In order to evaluate the reliability of existing bridges ,based on maximum value of the load and model of probability calculation of resistance attenuation, according to the data of the bridge which actually collected, and by using the ADINA finite element software to build the finite element model of considering the damage detection of beam bridge. The component and system failure criteria are determined on the basis of the bridge load-bearing characteristics.The Time-dependent reliability of the system by using the probability calculation model for assessing the maximum value of the load and resistance attenuation can be obtained. The result shows Changes in the process of reliability prediction of bridge , the correctness of reliability calculation model be verified; the correctness of the ADINA model be validated; Also confirmed the feasibility of prediction model; to obtain the main influencing factors of reliability of existing bridges.

This paper establishes a power planning model based on minimization of the initial investment cost. The model includes the initial investment cost of wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, batteries, and biomass generators, diesel generators, power electronic devices and communications facilities in the objective function. In consideration of some constraint conditions, using the principle of priority of biomass generators, we use the particle swarm algorithm to solve the model. Through the calculation of actual examples, we simulate to find optimal solutions. Finally, we conclude that it should be possible to use biomass power generation and diesel generator power.

A non-smooth surface with convex domes was fabricated on a chemical polished 2024 aluminum alloy substrate using the method of pressing with a symmetrically distributed concave hole module. Anode oxidation technique was used to prepare alumina films on a non-smooth surface. The as-prepared surfaces possessing microscale morphology and multiscale structures without anything chemical modification exhibited excellent hydrophobicity, and had a maximum water contact angle of about 133o. The microscale morphology of the non-smooth alumina films were investigated by a stereo microscope and a laser scanning confocal microscopy. A scanning electron microscopy was used for surface corresponding microstructure of the non-smooth alumina films. The forming course of the alumina films with pores was analyzed. Such an alumina films that combine excellent hydrophobicity with other properties may have many potential applications.

TiB2and Gd2O3were used as codeposited particles for the first time in preparing Ni-TiB2-Gd2O3composite coatings to improve its performance. Ni-TiB2-Gd2O3composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition method from a nickel cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and hexadecylpyridinium bromide solution containing TiB2and Gd2O3particles. The content of codeposited TiB2and Gd2O3in the composite coatings was controlled by the addition of different TiB2and Gd2O3particles concentrations in the solution, respectively. The effects of TiB2and Gd2O3content on microhardness, wear weight loss, and friction coefficient of composite coatings were investigated, respectively. Ni-TiB2-Gd2O3composite coatings shows higher microhardness and lower wear weight loss, friction coefficient than those of the pure Ni coating and Ni-TiB2composite coatings. The wear weight loss of Ni-TiB2-Gd2O3composite coatings is lower 9.13 and 1.59 times than that of the pure Ni coating and Ni-TiB2composite coatings, respectively. The friction coefficients of pure Ni coating, Ni-TiB2and Ni-TiB2-Gd2O3composite coatings are 0.723, 0.815 and 0.43, respectively. Ni-TiB2-Gd2O3composite coatings shows the least friction coefficient among the three coatings. Gd2O3particles in composite coatings serves as solid lubricant between contact surfaces, decreases the friction coefficient, abates the wear and increases the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings. The loading-bearing capacity and the wear-reducing effect of the Gd2O3particles in the composite coatings are closely related to the content of Gd2O3particles in the composite coatings.

In order to understand the influence of stretching on the nanotribological properties of human hair, the European hair with stretching ratios at 20, 40, 60 and 80% were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that appropriate stretching ratios (40-60%) make the European hair surface smoother and the friction measurements also verify the result. When the stretching ratio is 80%, the European hair has the highest coefficient of friction. The reason is that cuticle damages lead to the local ratchet and collision between AFM tip and the sample obviously increased. With the increase of stretching ratios, the adhesive force of European hair is nonlinear change, which is attributed to the influence of contact area, water molecules absorbed and the amount of polar molecules.

The paper mainly introduces a new apparatus (CHES-FY) to measure fabric surface friction. Compacted with the KES-FB system, the CHES-FY system has its own superiority. Through designing orthogonal tests, corresponding properties of 16 groups fabrics were measured by CHES-FY system. Based on the correlation analysis between KES-FB system with CHES-FY system, it indicates that the two systems have high correlations. Thereafter, regression equation that includes four parameters through multiple linear regression were achieved. It reports that CHES-FY system is feasible and accurate in measuring fabric surface friction performance.

Based on transfer matrix method (TMM), the model and calculation of 3-D Photonic Crystal with Face-Centered-Cubic (FCC) Structure are presented. The microsphere size, the crystal stack thickness and the incident angle have an influence on optical properties of 3-D Photonic Crystal. With the microsphere size increasing, the wavelength corresponding to the positions of PBG becomes larger causing structural color changing from blue to red. The reflectivity becomes higher and PBG is narrower when the crystal stack thickness increases. With the incident angle becoming larger, the reflectivity does not change significantly, while the wavelength corresponding to the positions of PBG becomes shorter causing structural color changing from red to blue.

The aim of this work was to research the effect of chemical treatment on the structure and property of sisal fiber. The changes of the surface morphology, chemical composition and wettability of different alkali concentration treated sisal fibers were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Optical Contact Angle Meter (OCA). The results showed that the non-cellulosic materials were removed from fiber surface and many branches along the fibers were caused by high alkali concentration. Deconvolving spectra in OH stretching region exhibited the amount of hydrogen bonding decreased firstly and then increased with the alkali concentration increase. The effect of alkali treatment on the wettability of fibers was characterized by the contact angle analyses. The contact angle of fiber decreased gradually with the concentration increase.

A simple synthetic route to create Nickel nanoparticles/MWCNT composites (NiNPs/MWNTs) is reported. The process is concise, no additional surfactant or other reducing gas was employed. TEM, SEM, XRD and EDX were used to examine the morphology of the nickel particles. In this experiment, the hydrothermal method using ethylene glycol as a solvent has been well dispersed, uniform size and smaller particle size of the nickel nanoparticles with average size about 50 nm. By cyclic voltammetry test results show that with good electrical properties, Ni / MCNTs.

This paper presents a synthetic method of graphene load nickel nanoparticles composites. Hydrothermal process is simple and convenient way, neither surfactant is needed nor by products will exist serve hydrazine hydrate as reductant. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were used to characterization the morphology of the graphene load nickel nanoparticles composites, and cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to characterization the electrical properties of the composites. The results of XRD and FTIR show that the complexes were successfully synthesized by this method. Moreover, the good dispersibility and relatively uniform particle size of the complexes can be obviously observed from the SEM image. And the cyclic voltammetry curves exhibit good electrical properties of graphene load nickel nanoparticles composites. All the conclusions are based on the experimental results.

In this paper, finite element analysis is proceeded for homogeneous earth dam of Qijiadian reservoir. Deducing variation law of the dams stress and displacement in construction and operating process. The analytic results are shown, homogeneous earth dam of Qijiadian reservoir is reasonable structure, and every index meets the requirements for design.

The fine particles classification properties in a gas-solid multilevel particular fluidization tower (MPFT) with the rectangular body of 2.4 m in height and 0.032 m2in cross sectional area, five tower plates of 0.39 m in length and 0.08 m in width and 0.005 m in thickness were investigated using two different properties particles, talc particle and quarts sand particle, as solid phase and air as gas phase. It was found from the experimental results that the pressure drop increases with increasing superficial gas velocity. And the spread of pressure drop was gradually decreased from top to bottom in the tower. The grade efficiency for talc powder particle (dp= 10 μm) attained 78.78% and d95 reached 12.84 μm atUg= 0.122 m/s. Meanwhile, for quartz sand particle (dp= 10 μm), the grade efficiency attained 92.80% and d95 reached 12.58 μm atUg= 0.139 m/s. The grade efficiency for the two different properties particles both increases with decreasing feed rate at these experimental conditions in this work. The particle size distribution range of overflow particle increases a little with increasing circulating gas velocity. The grade efficiency for quartz sand particle (dp= 10 μm) dropped from 92.56% to 82.70% with increasing different regurgitant rates from 0 to 12.5 kg/h.

The golf course industry has become increasingly aware of potential problems related to pesticide and fertilizer movement from soil into surface water and groundwater . The objective of this study was to monitor and analysis the pollution level and scope, varying pattern, diffusion characteristics and the impact on the lake which are influenced by the Spring City Golf Course located in the catchment area of Yangzonghai Lake. It produced data on the quality of the surface water bodies, groundwater and soil environment including nitrogen, phosphorus, pesticides and heavy metal , and proposed some control measures in the last part.

To figure out the arsenic pollution source and characteristics in the slag field around the Yangzonghai Lake, we made deep monitoring analysis. We employed the X fluorescence metal scene analyzer and also the traditional atomic fluorescence spectrometry method for precision analysis. It finds out the arsenic pollution level, spatial change regulation, the vertical distribution characteristics, and pollution diffusion path. The work could provide effectively technical support for the soil arsenic pollution prevention in the area.

In order to solve the problem about polishing complex cavity of precision mold, to improve the efficiency of processing and reduce the surface roughness, putting forward multiple entries impinging stream processing device.With making use of the collision of two strands of abrasive flow, Realizing the mutual disturbance of abrasive flow in the runner, and increasing the collision between abrasive to improve the disordering of abrasive movement, for promoting abrasive polishing to mold cavity. Johnson-Cook elastic-plastic material model is set up at the same time, using abaqus finite element simulation to simulate the impact deformation wear and cutting wear with the increasment of impact times.

In this paper, the deformation properties of AZ31+Sr+Y magnesium alloy sheets produced by twin-roll casting (TRC) and sequential hot rolling were studied by the tensile testing at a strain rate of 7×10-4s-1and various temperatures: room temperature (RT), 200°C, 300°C and 400°C, respectively. The result shows that the microstructure of AZ31+Sr+Y alloy was refined obviously by adding elements Sr and Y, the elongation of the alloy increased with increasing temperature, and the fracture behavior of the alloy changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture with increasing temperature. During the process of plastic deformation of AZ31+Sr+Y alloy, the twin plays a leading role at room temperature; the dislocation movement is regarded as the main deformation mechanism at 200° C; at the higher temperature (above 300°C) the grain boundary slip (GBS) plays a dominant role .