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The sloshing fluid inside the tank car which is moving influences importantly on the working of the tank car. The user-defined function second development of the software FLUENT was adopted. The force variation of the tank on the front wall under different working conditions was calculated and the reasons of this variation and the influence on the tank were both analyzed. Little influence on the tank by the sloshing fluid was obtained without energy source. When the tank slowed down, the force peak value remained within the first period of the fluid sloshing, which provided the selection of the tank at the accelerating moment with the foundation.

Magnetic fluid (MF) is a new functional material researched in recent years. It has lots of properties such as superparamagnetism, high permeability, first-order and second-order buoyancy principle suitable for sensor application. The sensing properties decide the sensor applications of magnetic fluid. Different application sensors such as pressure differential sensor, acceleration sensor, and angle sensor were demonstrated and the working principles were presented.

Smart card attendance system using Delphi database development technologies and RF card technology development. Function of each sub-module design includes user login module, attendance information management module , a database management module , a database designed to follow the general principles set forth , and then the database structure design concept .

Aiming at air rolling bearing vibration signals low SNR and nonstationary characteristics, taking wavelet theory and principles of the wavelet noise reduction for air vibration signals of rolling bearings to conduct wavelet noise reduction processing.By means of the simulation signal wavelet noise reduction processing and fast Fourier transform, the contrast analysis of the vibration signals after wavelet noise reduction and FFT transform and the original signal directly to the result of the fast Fourier transform, and thus prove the validity of the vibration signal wavelet noise reduction. Through the actual vibration signals of bearing conductnoise reduction processing, the result is a further indication of the superiority of wavelet noise reduction in eliminate noise interference.

The study is diffusion bonding of Mg-AZ31 and Al-6061 under pressure and no pressure by using the direct bonding method. After bonding process, characteristics phase in interface and bonding boundaries of Mg-AZ31/Al-6061 were characterized . The diffusion formation was observed by SEM. Aluminum solid solution and Mg17Al12 alloy phase was proved by analysis of XRD. In the process of measurement, crystalline structure of nearby interface characteristics phase was analyzed in detail by TEM. Based on the above analysis, the crystal model of the magnesium alloy and aluminum alloys was established under pressure, and the bonding mechanism was discussed. The results show that the bonding materials could be bonded under no pressure and the structure of bonding interface is more optimized than pressure.

A novel solid-solid phase change materials was synthesized by the two-step condensation reaction of polyethylene glycol (PEG1000), neopentyl glycol (NPG) and 4, 4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Polyethylene glycol (PEG1000) was used as soft segment and 4, 4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as hard segment. The composition, structure and phase change properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), polarization optical microscopy (POM) respectively. The results indicated that the PCM appeared typical solid-solid phase transition property and the phase change enthalpy and phase transition temperature reached to 120.45 J/g and 37.32°C, respectively.

The government of Shaoxing in response to the call of country, implemented sustainable development policy, promulgating green ecological water saving construction. Shaoxing ecological building water-saving technology was mainly divided into four parts, including the use of local advantages to collect rain water for reuse, using new water-saving equipment and water-saving water apparatus, making full use of solar energy and municipal pipe pressure, city water reuse and so on several aspects. The technology has been obtained the practical application, the water supply and drainage system efficiently, thereby reducing water consumption, good energy saving and water saving benefit.

Monodisperse porous polystyrene microspheres were prepared with the mixed solution of ethanol and water as dispersion medium and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) was used as dispersant. The even size of microspheres prepared at optimal process was about 1μm. Photochromic microspheres were obtained using polystyrene microspheres to absorb the photochromic materials. The effect of dispersion medium on the microspheres morphology was investigated. The adsorption parameters affecting microspheres adsorption quantity, such as the concentration of spiropyran solution and adsorption temperature, were studied in detail. Furthermore, photochromic properties of the microspheres were analyzed and PVA as coating was used to increase the fatigue resistance of photochromic microcapsules. The photochromic microspheres obtained could rapid reversibly change color under UV or sun light at room temperature and common pressure.

According to the mathematic model of solar cells, builds its general simulation model based on the S-function designed under the Matlab/Simulink environment. Presents the incremental conductance algorithm based on the optimal gradient to simulate and verify the theories about the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic power generation. Give the in-depth contrast analysis on the power, output voltage characteristics of photovoltaic power generation, which lays a solid foundation for engineering practice.

In order to solve the variable speed control as non-linear in wind energy application, it is important to obtain wind energy efficiently. And it is also effective in suppressing output fluctuation. Therefore, it will become a main torque system in the wind generation. The main object of this paper is to present a developed non-contact torque sensor for applying of non-linear control in the wind generator. In this paper, it examines whether efficient torque measurement of output shaft in the wind generation would be maintainable by non-linear control methods.

Strategy and function of a new developed FEM code COSMAP(COmputer Simulation of MAterial Process) for surface hardening during of thermo-mechanical processing, including heat treatment, carbonizing and nitriding and induction heat treatment, is briefly introduced in this paper. The simulation code is developed based on the metallo-thermo-mechanical theory considering the coupled equations of magnetic or electrical field, diffusion, heat conduction, inelastic stresses and kinetics of phase transformation. Some examples of simulation and the experimental verification for induction heat treatment, carbonized quenching, carbonized- nitrided-quenching process of a cylinder and ring as well as a gear are illustrated, and comparison of the simulated values of distortion, residual stresses and profile of induced phases with the experimental data is made with some discussions.

The Euler-Lagrange (EL) model of the three-phase induction motor is set up based on the mathematical model of the three-phase induction motor in the two-phase static coordinate. The passivity and dissipativity of the three-phase induction motor are studied by EL model. Based on the passivity of induction motor, the passivity-based controller of system is designed with the method of damping injection under the conditions of the stator flux oriented.The system simulation model of the three-phase induction motor is established under MATLAB/Simulink environment. The Simulation results show that the passivity-based controller designed with the method of damping injection under the conditions of the stator flux orientedis feasible.

the sediments is the second pollution source to the water quality of river in mining area, in order to assess the pollution extent of the Shuangqiao River by anthropogenic activity, and establish the geochemical background values and the possible geochemical anomaly range, The authors use Lognormal distribution plots to study the Mercury, Chromium, Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Arsenic, Zinc and Iron dispersion in the fine sediments of the Shuangqiao River. The Lognormal distribution plots are applied to discriminate the geochemical background levels of eight heavy metals from the geochemical anomalies. The result shows that Mercury, Lead are the most heavily pollution which is related to anthropogenic activities, and the concluded geochemical background value is more reasonable than before.

A strain of acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria named YY-2 was isolated from acid mine drainage collected in Yiyang, Hunan, China. The gram-negative-staining cells of YY-2 were straight long rod, 1.2～2.4 μm in length and 2.3～8.8 μm in diameter; the optimum temperature for growth was 25°C, the optimum initial pH for growth was 3.5, the optimal salt concentration was 7.5%, the maximum salt concentration was 18%. 16S rDNA gene analyses reveal that YY-2 belongs to Acidiphilium.

Modular decomposition is the key to simplify complex system. In this paper product function model is built based on flow chart description of energy, substance/material information. According to dependency relationship of function, function modularization is done respectively with module defining ways of main path method (MPM), branch path method (BPM) and conversion-conduction method (CCM). And modular decomposition of flow chart path method is established, concerned procedures and cautions during the implementing course are defined, and the purpose and effectiveness of modular decomposition of flow chart pass are confirmed through case analysis.

The paper describes the three-tier stereo comprehensive management gas model for the mining height and extended mining face in the high gas mine. The model consists of gas drainage with surface drilling, progressive and shielding gas drainage with 1000m drilling machine from underground and so on. The measures make it easy to realize the combination of surface fracturing and gas extraction, establish the model of cooperation methane drainage from the surface and underground. Meanwhile, the ventilation type, three incoming-air gateways and two returning-air gateways, is used in the mining face. It can effectively avoid exceeding gas in the upper corner of mining face. It can guarantee safe and high-efficient mining. The green mining technology for coal and gas for simultaneous extraction is easily realized. It has important guiding value for mine gas management at similar conditions.

Estrogens such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) which are excreted by humans and animals or synthetic compounds such as 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are a group of biologically active compounds that are synthesized from cholesterol and have a steroid ring in common. Steroid estrogens harm to organisms at very low concentrations with much more endocrine function than other EDCs. Obviously, it is an important issue to explore their degradation mechanisms and effective methods. In the present studies, 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were used as target compounds, and the photodegradation of them were investigated in aqueous solution using natural sunlight produced using a xenon lamp, or ultraviolet light via a Hg lamp.

This paper is mainly a study the diffusion bonding of 3Y-TZP/SUS440 by using the chemical bonding method. In the bonding interface of 3Y-TZP and SUS440, the Ti-Cu (brass) powder/sheet was used as bonding materials. After bonding process, multi-alloy field with Fe-Ti and Fe-Cu have been confirmed by EPMA determination. Through the microstructure observed by AFM and SEM, bonding boundaries of 3Y-TZP/SUS440 by Ti-Cu powder/sheet had good formation. The distribution of the residual stress on near interface was measured by XRD method. By using of these results, the mechanism of the ceramic and stainless steel was discussed.

This paper is mainly to describe coating method of MgO nano film with about 2nm and Bio-medicine materials on surface the magnetic nanoparticle. The coated composite magnetic nanoparticles of coated were dispersed into ion exchange water, widely known as magnetic fluids for applying to Drug Delivery System(DDS). Through observation of micro-structure of MgO film and the bio-nanopaticles on coating surface, and evaluation of magnetic property, we known that the effectiveness of this coating method of MgO and the bio-medicine coated on surface of magnetic nanoparticles was confirmed.

Water jet cavitation peening is applied to improve the strength and mechanical properties of the friction-welded joints of titanium alloys. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the microstructure of the welded joints and welded area before/after water jet cavitation peening confirm slip dislocation at the microstructure near the surface of the specimens. The residual stress on the surface of the welded joint is measured by X-ray diffraction. The results indicate the effect of peening time on the strength of compressive residual stress.

This paper focuses on the thermal stress and deformation analysis of the support plate of a nuclear reactor during the quenching process. A 3D finite element model of the support plate is incorporated into nonlinear coupling analysis that considers temperature, stress, and deformation. To verify the effect of cooling rate on the thermal stress and deformation of the model, we applied the heat transfer coefficients of water and heat treatment oil, depending on temperature variations, into heat conduction analysis. This analytical method enables the determination of the maximum deformation and residual stresses, so that the strength of the support plate can be identified.

Dialdehyde konjac glucomannan (DAKGM) was synthesized by konjac glucomannan via sodium periodate (NaIO4) as an oxidant and characterized by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy techniques. The results indicated that the oxidization of KGM catalyzed by NaIO4was highly selective for C2 and C3 of sugar units to form aldehyde group. Further, the solution behaviors of DAKGM were investigated by steady-state fluorescence. DAKGM exhibited two emission peaks at maximum wavelength 425 nm and 465 nm, respectively.

Water cavitation peening (WCP) with aeration, namely, a new ventilation nozzle with aeration is adopted to improve the process capability of WCP by increasing the impact pressure induced by the bubble collapse on the surface of components. In this study, the influence of water cavitation peening (WCP) treatment on the microstructure of spring steel SAE 1070 was investigated. The microstructural evolution in the near-surface of spring steel SAE 1070 as a function of WCP time was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM). After WCP treatment, changes in the microstructure, as well as residual stress and surface morphologies as functions of WCP time, were recorded using a novel experimental design involving an in-situ observation function. The obtained results indicated that the refinement grains were induced by WCP in the strengthening layer. A stable compressive residual stress layer was found in the near-surface of the investigated spring steel SAE 1070.

Multi-objective evaluation mode is used in manufacturing system all the time, and this would lead to evaluation complexity and subjectivity when objective number increases. Hence, enterprise profit- oriented single-objective is proposed and created. Then three profit structure elements: sales volume, price and cost as well as their influencing factors are analyzed, and "profit-elements(-properties)-scheme" is created. With this model, environment properties scheme is decided to verify its validity and operation simplicity.

Orientations distribution between grains of two high grade pipeline steels were investigated by electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). Then the percentage of low-angle grain boundaries was studied qualitatively to analyze the effect of low-angle grain boundaries on the yield-strength ratio of high grade pipeline steels. From the mode of coordinate deformation and the ability to resist deformation by the grain boundaries, the results show that when the effective grain size are almost the same, the pipeline steel which has the smaller percentage of low-angle grain boundaries, the larger difference between the yield strength and tensile strength, which makes the yield-strength ratio of pipeline steel lower.

In order to reduce the work of repeated nad iterative of process model for manufacturing system, the paper proposed the establishment of three-dimensional "product - process - property" of the modeling methods with matrix mapping technology and mapped products, function, performance, process to model of production system according to the steps. Production system modeling of light-box as a case to detail description of production systems and process modeling. The modeling method with convenience, comprehensive, integrated, inheritable, and sometimes with large amount of calculation.

Comparing with conventional mechanical shot peening (SP) technique, water cavitation peening (WCP) experiments of Almen strips were carried out on a self-manufactured equipment. The results show that WCP demonstrates a wide range of standoff distance (SD) that from the nozzle to the surface of the object. By measuring the colour changes of the Fuji pressure sensing film, over 110 MPa impacting pressure was detected, which is resulted from the bubbles blasting on the sample surface when the SD is from 65 to 100 mm under 40 MPa of operating pressure. 600 MPa compressive residual stress achieved on the suface of the Almen strips after WCPed for 32 min. The depth of the zone affected by the compressive residual stress is about 100 µm. The highest residual stress appears in the top surface layer, while in case of SP it appears in the subsurface. Compared to SP, WCP is capable to get rather smoother surface and cause less deformation of the testing sheet, simultaneously.

To solve the rapidly increasing of complexity and uncertainty and inappropriate solving space of innovative with the complex product using the traditional combination manufacturing mode, this paper proposed modular manufacturing theory by separating the need of function, performance, structure, and size in the manufacturing process into the external modules and internal modules. The theory of generalize modularize decomposition, modules solving and optimize, modularize integrated are systematical represented. To reduce the complexity and uncertainty by the way of separate the business with internal model and external model. An example of installed and calibrated system of Laser device is given to illustrate the theory and methodology of modular manufacturing.

Strip casting is a promising route to directly produce magnesium alloy sheet by twin roll casting method. As-cast strips with proper microstructure and good surface quality are requested to serve as next rolling feedstock. In order to restrain the coarse dendrite growth and get uniform grain, a new method of in-line heat treatment was proposed. The as-cast strip was dipped into an oil tank after exiting the rolls and then was quenched with oil at various temperatures. The effect of oil temperature, casting speed and pouring temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of cast strip was investigated.