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Anaerobic digestion of single dairy manure, single vegetable waste, mixture of dairy manure and vegetable waste was conducted to produce biogas. Startup characteristic, leachate parameters and inoculation amount were investigated. The experimental results showed that anaerobic digestion can start up quickly with acclimated thickening sludge as inoculation sludge and 30% was appropriate inoculation percentage. Digestion of single dairy manure and mixture of dairy manure and vegetable waste appeared better buffering ability with higher alkalinity than single vegetable waste. Compared to single digestion of dairy manure or vegetable waste, mixture of dairy manure and vegetable waste is more suitable for anaerobic digestion. Under the conditions of TS=10% and T=(36±1)°C, cumulative biogas production of mixture of dairy manure and vegetable waste is 5281 mL during the period of 30 days and average daily gas production is about 176 mL. These results could provide theoretical data for practical biogas engineering.

Brake pedal feel is intuitive feelings for the driver and affected vehicle safety performance. Due to the participation of the motor, brake force distribution and the original pedal feel of the driver would be changed. Based on the traditional hydraulic unit of ESC, Jilin University developed a braking energy recovery system of uniaxial decoupled. A series of fixed partition coefficient control strategy was developed, coordinated control of electrical regenerative braking and hydraulic braking was carried out. Vehicle test was carried out for coordinated braking strategy, parallel strategy and traditional control strategy. Vehicle test results show that the brake pedal travel simulator and the coordinated braking strategy can improve the energy recovery, and ensure that the brake pedal feel is consistent with the traditional vehicle.

The effect of heavy metal Hg on activities of soil urease, catalase and invertase in corn field with different nitrogen supplying levels.. The concentrations of Hg2+ were 0, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.50 mg·kg-1 dried soil, respectively. The three enzymes responded differently to Hg stress under different N treatments, the inhibition effect of Hg on urease activity was most significant, while the inhibition on catalase only existed at high nitrogen levels, the response of soil invertase under Hg stress firstly increased and then decreased. Under different nitrogen levels, the inhibition of Hg on three soil enzymes activity were as follows: urease > invertase > catalase. The results suggested that soil urease and soil invertase can be used as Hg pollution ecological monitoring index, early warning Hg pollution degree, while, soil catalase was not suitable as a soil Hg pollution warning index.

According to the demand of accuracy detection of the motor energy efficiency, the hardware of testing bench for motor based on torque-meter method was designed. A design emphasis on loading equipment and torque sensor was introduced in accordance with the requirements of torque meter method, realized the rapid response of the load, the low speed stability of the work and electrical energy reutilization. The proposed error modification method ensured the accuracy and reliability of test results.

Dry anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Startup characteristics and biogas production perform of dry digestion were studied, and the effect of operation temperature and incubation amount on dry digestion was also investigated. The study result showed that under the conditions of C/N=25-30, TS=20% and T=(36±1)°C,dry digestion can start up quickly with acclimated thickening sludge as incubation sludge. Compared to dry digestion of chicken manure and pig manure, dry digestion of cow manure proceeded steadily with high biogas yield. It is found that incubation is necessary in the process of dry digestion and biogas yield increases with more incubation amount. The appreciate incubation ratio is about 10%. Temperature change has apparent effect on biogas production, and it is suggested that mesophilic temperature should be chosen in the scaled project of dry digestion.

CNC machine tools are the key equipment in the equipment manufacturing industry, which is related to the national economic construction and strategic position, and is an important symbol reflecting the national comprehensive level. This article analyzes the emergency and characteristics of CNC machine tools and its development trend such as high precision, high speed, high reliability, complex, intelligent, flexibility, integration and openness.

The polysulfone membranes surface modification by the low temperature air plasma for the study. The PS membranes surface composition, filtration, antifouling characteristics with the modification was characterized by water contact angle, water fluxes, interception rate. Polysulfone membranes hydrophilic has been greatly improved, by water contact angle decreased significantly with low temperature air plasma treatment .Optimal conditions for plasma processing are power 60W, 1.5min, vacuum 60Pa.The water fluxes for the modified PS were increased 2.3 times than the nascent one, the interception rate was little changed. Membrane pollution gradually increased as the wastewater permeation flux decreased with time.

For the reliability analysis of domain software researching to present a comprehensive reliability analysis method of domain software based on evidence,and to establish the working framework. To form reliability evidence through analyzing and measuring the evidence that collecting from the software lifecycle, and to build up a evaluation mode to expression the reliability requirements;to define reliability degree and mapping method based on evaluation mode, and to describe software reliability by reliability degree; to analysis modeling the reliability based on formal methods, as well as to verification and validation models. The method combined of informal evaluation and formal analysis modeling has good maneuverability and good practicability. It can describe the reliability of domain software clearly, and provide support for constructing complete formal high reliability software.

Time-space-source dynamic controlling sand theory emphasized the size, supply and distribution of the source changes with time and space. Based on this theory, ramp-type, half-graben type and slots, grooves parallel-type sand control modes were established at Surennuoer oil field. According to the attribute maps and the sandstone thickness maps, the sand scope of nantun group can be determined, after identified the sand control point by using the fault throw statistic and 3D visualization technology. Sedimentary facies and the single well integrated histogram were used to verify the accuracy of the sand body divided. The results showed that: the sand control scope divide very accurately,and the sand control scope dovetail nicely with turbidite fan, braided channel and other sand-rich sedimentary facies.

In the paper, the main research topic is product data exchange of each heterogeneous systems in the process of collaborative design and manufacturing under the condition of mass customization.Based on the research for existing technology of product model information sharing and conversion,put forward the solution to combine STEP with XML,completed product data transfer and exchange among web-based cooperation enterprises. Also,it was researched how to express EXPRESS data model to XML, as well as its application in the network environment, the function of converting STEP Part21 physical file to XML file was realized.

In order to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system, the faults must be found and eliminated promptly and accurately. Most of the faults of hydraulic system don’t happen suddenly. generally, there are signs such as noise, vibration, lash, pollution and leakage etc.. If these phenomena can be found, controlled and eliminated promptly and properly, the system faults can be reduced accordingly. This paper introduces several common faults of hydraulic system and the elimination methods. which the hydraulics technicians can refer to.

Aiming to improve the stability dynamic performance of the oscillating system, an internal closed-loop time-delayed filter with negative pulse is designed. To make the unstable system into stable, a reasonable time delay is introduced within the feedback control system, based on optimization theory to design the delay filter parameters. Matlab/SIMULINK simulation software is used on system performance analysis. Simulation results show that the designed internal closed-loop time-delayed filter can effectively improve the system stability, but also inhibit the high-frequency noise, with a strong anti-interference ability.

By reviewing the construction background of Datong Mosse Memorial Hospital, organizing its building functions, and analyzing the building elevation, this paper tries to illustrate the perfect combination of locality and building functions reflected by this architecture which is the excellent example among modern buildings in Datong and has enlightenment significance for modern design of hospital buildings.

In order to examine whether the wheel hub meet the security requirement during its design stage, the 3D model of a wheel hub was built by UG software, on which strength test of the wheel hub was proceeded based on the simulation experimental conditions , and used finite element method to analyse the wheel hub strength. The analysis results are the basis for modifying and lightening wheel hub.The study demostrates that test simulation and analysis to the wheel hub by computer technology can overcome the shortcomings of traditional experience analogy method in which the strength test only can be done after the product is produced. The method improves working efficiency，shortens the product development cycle, reduces costs.

Medical images play a very important role in clinical medicine. They often have the features of low contrast, narrow gray scale and edge blurring between tissues. Aimed at the disadvantages, the paper presents a new medical image enhancement algorithm combining pseudocolor processing and marker-based watershed transform. The new algorithm and traditional pseudocolor processing in frequency domain are implemented using MATLAB, and their effectivity is evaluated by two parameters, mean and entropy. Results show that the proposed enhancement algorithm can improve the visual effect of different types of medical images, especially for the tissues in the low contrast regions in the image. The output image is more suitable for doctor’s diagnosing. The algorithm has been used in the medical image fusion system we developed, and the performance is very satisfactory.

Dry anaerobic fermentation of animal manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Under C/N=25-30 and TS=20%, three different temperature conditions of room temperature condition(16.5°C-25°C), mesophilic condition(36°C) and thermophilic condition(55°C) were tested to investigate the effect of operation temperature on dry fermentation. The results show that dry fermentation under room temperature starts up slowly with low biogas production, so room temperature is unfit for dry fermentation. Dry fermentation under thermophilic condition and mesophilic condition proceed steadily with high biogas production and mesophilic condition is more suitable for dry fermentation. The organic loading rates under thermophilic condition and mesophilic condition are 1.69 kg•m-3•d-1 and 1.89 kg•m-3•d-1 respectively with total solid (TS) biogas yields of 0.237 m3•kg-1 and 0.208 m3•kg-1, and volumetric biogas yields of 0.401 m3•m-3•d-1 and 0.393 m3•m-3•d-1 respectively. It could provide instructive meaning to the engineering application of dry anaerobic fermentation.

The use of low-temperature plasmas to modify the surface of substrates and grafted acrylic acid is discussed. Their surface composition characterized by attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra and water contact angle. The results of various techniques indicated that acrylic acid could be incorporated in the membrane surface. The plasma treatment time，plasma treatment power and grafting time effect on water contact angle. The water contact angle decreased from 67° for virgin PES to 11° for the plasma-induced and 0° for grafted AA.

Caisson, which is composed of box, matrix and plant, plays an important role in the removal of SRP (solubility reaction phosphorus), NH4+-N and CODCr in eutrophic water. Bacillus can improve water quality effectively. Bacillus and caisson combination can further improve purification efficiency of wastewater. In this study, bacillus was added to the caisson to purify the aquaculture ponds water and removal efficiency of SRP, NH4+-N, CODCr was analyzed. The results showed that bacillus adding proportion had bigger effects on the removal rate of SRP than those of the matrix material and plant collocation, while, the matrix material had more removal efficiency on NH4+-N and CODCr than the bacillus adding proportion and plant collocation. The removal rates of SRP, NH4+-N and CODCr in the wastewater treated with 1‰ and1.5‰ bacillus were significantly higher than 0.5‰, but no significant difference was observed between1‰ and 5‰ bacillus treatments; among the three matrices of limestone, ceramsite and medical stone, the removal rate of SRP was highest in the treatment with medical stone, while the removal rates of NH4+-N and CODCr was highest in the treatment with ceramsite; there were significant differences in the removal rates of SRP, NH4+-N and CODCr between different plant configurations. The removal rate of SRP was up to 80.73% by the combination of bacillus (1‰), limestone, Cyperus alternifolius and Iris pseudacorus; the removal rates of NH4+-N and CODCr were 63.63% and 63.45% by the combination of bacillus (1.5‰), ceramsite, Ceratophyllum demersum and Iris pseudacorus respectively.

The formation of propylene oxide from propylene by direct oxidation with O2 has been studied with catalysts of rare earth chloride under different carboxylic acids and solvents, and the mechanism of this reaction has been discussed preliminarily. Significant PO-formation was only observed when catalyzed by EuCl3 and in the presence of zinc powder and carboxylic acids. In using carboxylic acids, propanoic acid is the best for the epoxidation of propylene. The yields of the epoxide became higher than those without solvents, but basic substance was not suitable as solvent. In the catalytic system of EuCl3, zinc powder and carboxylic acids, EuCl3 plays a role in transferring electron, zinc powder was the e- donor and carboxylic acids was the H+ donor. The mechanism was consistent with the result of the experiment.

One new rare-earth ternary complex with 1-naphthylacetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline, [Eu0.5Gd0.5(C12H9O2)2(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2]•(C12H9O2)•H2O were synthesized. The structures were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The europium (gadolinium) ion is eight-coordinate with four oxygen and four nitrogen atoms forming a coordination polyhedron best describable as a distorted dodecahedral. The luminescence spectra of the complex in a solution of DMF were studied. The complex display characteristic Eu(III)-originated red emission as a sharp band at 617 nm. It is concluded that the metal-centered red emission is promoted by the ligand-assisted energy transfer.

The binding reaction of Zn(II) complex [Zn(C8H10N)2Cl2] with bovine serum albumin(BSA) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy under the simulative physiological conditions. The intrinsic fluorescence of BSA could be quenched by Zn(II) complex. The quenching mechanism was suggested as static quenching according to the Stern–Volmer equation. The binding constants Kband the number of binding sites n were calculated. The Zn(II) complex exhibit good binding propensity to bovine serum albumin having relatively high binding constant values. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that the hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces play a major role in BSA-Zn(II) complex association. The process of binding was spontaneous, in which Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) was negative.

The binding reaction of nickel(II) complex [Ni(C16H20N2)2•(H2O)2]Cl2•C3H7NO with bovine serum albumin(BSA) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy under the simulative physiological conditions. The experimental results show that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by nickel(II) complex is a result of the formation of ground state complex and the quenching mechanism was static quenching. The binding constants were 4.24×103L•mol−1at 293K with one binding site. The antimicrobial activity study found that the nickel(II) complex was active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

This article applies the BP neural network theory into the measuring of harmonics, through the model automatically learn training capacity to create real-time monitoring model of harmonic. And that I am using matlab simulation, to obtained harmonic simulation data. Through this simulation technology to monitor the harmonic and obtain real-time data, the data can provide reference for harmonic suppression.

When the variable frequency motor rotor failed, the harmonic components of stator current intensified, which makes the extraction of fault characteristics more difficult. To solve the problem, on-line detection way of rotor faults based on the MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) algorithm is presented, which the current signal of inverter DC side is acquired and processed by the algorithm to obtain the fault feature component. The experimental results show the method is simple and effective, which improve the reliability of the rotor fault diagnosis.

It describes the working principle of a strips dispersion measuring device in this article, on the basis of the application field, with the effective integration of image acquisition and data processing systems, timely and accurately measuring strips area, in order to provide a reliable basis for tobacco grading and packaging.

Systems biology is a term used to describe a number of trends in bioscience research, and a movement which draws on those trends. Systems biology aims to understand the biology from the system level. The fundamental challenge of systems biology is to establish a complete, detailed description of the link between biological molecules and to study molecular interactions and the close association between the physiological responses. Systems biology methods in the system under the guidance will enable us to break the shackles of the old research model to study life from the grasp of the whole phenomenon. We must effectively grasp and follow the systems biology approach to guide our biological research practice.

Based on the experiment of grinding cemented carbides end mill blade flute with diamond wheels, the effect of the viscosity of total-synthesis cutting oil on grinding process is studied under different feeding speeds and different cut depths. The results of the experiment have shown that grinding with the total-synthesis cutting oil of low viscosity can reduce the grinding force, improve the surface quality of workpiece, and reduce the wear of grinding wheels under the same grinding conditions. As the feeding speed and cut depth increase, maximum undeformed chip thickness of grinding is increased and grinding force gets higher, that leads to the worse surface quality of workpiece and the increased wear of grinding wheels.

This article proposes a practical and reliable design applicable to DC output power amplifier circuit of relay tester. Through theoretical calculation, the author discuss the amplifier circuit can meet the requirement of relay tester to output, and supply the design and simulation analysis of power amplifier circuit, and expatiate the functions of each module of the circuit. The simulation analysis proves that this circuit is a efficient, stable and feasible conversion circuit which can amply energy.

： Based on the graphic theory and the design method of classification model, a new method of optimum design of drive project in lathe speed-change system is proposed. The mathematical model and optimum method are set up. This method can be used to design speed changing gear box of the lathe. This has a very important meaning in improving design precision and shorting design time.

In order to effectively correct the positioning error of Loran C to improve the positioning accuracy, it is necessary to study Loran C ground wave signal propagation delay variation with time, study the stability of propagation delay and timing characteristics. Take statistical analysis and pretreatment to Loran C ground wave signal propagation delay, test its stationarity, extraction its trend term, obtain stationary series, modeling to trend term and stationary series. The results show that Loran C ground wave signal propagation delay has good stability and repeatability, the time delay series can be fitted to combination model formed by G (2,1) cycle model and AR (p) from the regression model.

This paper examines the long-run determinants of the USD index.. Borrowing the BEER model and using cointegration analysis, we find (1) The increase of the foreign exchange reserves, the GDP growth rate and the change of gold price can make the equilibrium USDX appreciation, but the increase of money supply can make the equilibrium USDX depreciation. (2) Although the “equilibrium” USDX tracks the trends in the real USDX quite well, the real USDX has been misaligned several times, while the subprime credit crisis and the following financial tsunami have accelerated its overestimate.

With comprehensive utilization of drilling, logging and seismic data, research was conducted on the sequence stratigraphic models of Jiufotang Formation, Lower Cretaceous in the Luxi Sag, Kailu Basin. It was revealed that Jiufotang Formation could be divided into one three-order sequence, which including lowstand systems tract (LST), transgressive systems tract (TST), highstand systems tract (HST) and regressive systems tract (RST). Within the sequence, it developed five types of sedimentary facies, which were nearshore subaqueous fan, braided river delta, meandering river fan, turbidite fan and lacustrine facies, respectively. The LST mainly developed nearshore subaqueous fan, the TST mainly developed meandering river deltas while the HST and RST mainly developed meandering river delta, braided river delta and nearshore subaqueous fan. In addition, turbidite fan developed in all four systems tracts. Two types of sequence stratigraphic models developed: short-axis model and long-axis model.

Using the concentrating and tracking photovoltaics generation technology, the area of photovoltaic cells is only one-fifth of the traditional one if both generate same power output, and therefore the cost of photovoltaic power generation is greatly reduced. The concentrating solar cells produced with the special construction and lamination technique have the functions of heat exchanging and temperature controlling, which prevent the solar panel from over-temperature caused by the concentrating light and the crystal silicon cell pieces will always work under 60°C, and hence the photoelectric conversion efficiency increase. The rest solar energy that cannot be converted into electrical energy by the concentrating solar cells is absorbed by water flowing through it. The flat-plate collector reheat the water flowed from the concentrating solar cells’ heat exchanger and the additional product, hot water, whose temperature is over 80°C, is got. Hence, the total efficiency of photovoltaic & thermal conversion is more than 55%. The solar photovoltaic & thermal system can high efficiently, but low costly and practicably, utilize the solar photovoltaic & thermal and practical.

Feature specifications are important composite parts in the new generation of geometrical product specifications and verification (GPS). According to the theories of specification model of shaft parts, this paper presents a method to generation of specification model of concentricity. Firstly, the mathematical model of concentricity is established in terms of nominal geometrical features of product for the parts the functional requirement are satisfied. Secondly, the simulation points of the model are generated by using the methods of axial stratification and circumferential multi-angles. The concentricity specification model could be generated after these operations of association and collection. Finally, an example is applied to illustrate the new method. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The features and functions of Autoform software for sheet metal forming simulation were introduced. Taking the auto panel as an example, based on UG and Autoform, the process of CAE simulation analysis on the drawing process was stated in this paper and the simulation results were analyzed. The results of analyses indicated that the crack tendency was in the two salient of auto panel flange in the drawing process. By optimizing and adjusting the parameters of mold, the problem of crack tendency was solved. The optimal stamping process was finally determined based on the results of the simulation. Compared with the traditional stamping technology and die designing, the quality of die designing was improved by adopting CAE technique.

Dry anaerobic co-digestion of animal manure and straw was conducted to produce biogas. Startup characteristics and biogas production perform of dry digestion were studied, and the effect of operation temperature and incubation amount on dry digestion was also investigated. The study result showed that under the conditions of C/N=25-30, TS=20% and T=(36±1) °C,dry digestion can start up quickly with acclimated thickening sludge as incubation sludge. Compared to dry digestion of chicken manure and pig manure, dry digestion of cow manure proceeded steadily with high biogas yield. It is found that incubation is necessary in the process of dry digestion and biogas yield increases with more incubation amount. The appreciate incubation ratio is about 10%. Temperature change has apparent effect on biogas production, and it is suggested that mesophilic temperature should be chosen in the scaled project of dry digestion.

In view of the importance of proper gate location and size in mould design process, with the basic analog theory for simulating the filling process of plastic melts in the cavity of injection moulds, injection moulding CAE technology was proposed for the optimum design of gate location and size. Based on Moldflow software, the analysis process of the best gate location and size was stated. The gate location and size and injection moulding technical parameters were optimized in this paper by example. The optimal rectangular gate dimension was 5mm×2.5mm, filling state was fine, filling time was reduced from 0.72s to 0.69s. It was resulted in products of high previewed quality, reduced the cost of production and enhanced the competitive power of mould enterprises.

The relationship between formaldehyde emission and time was researched and a mathematical model was developed which describes the variation of formaldehyde with time in the airtight chamber. It was found that high quality composite floor was in line with 0-order kinetic equation and low quality composite floor was in line with 1-order kinetic equation. Besides, the effect of activated carbon adsorption on formaldehyde was studied and the result showed that activated carbon had poor adsorption on formaldehyde for weak van der waals force.

In order to build the software evaluation and testing platform for surface topography measuring device and related enterprise, it is urgent to exploit the surface topography measurement and evaluation standard software application system. This paper proposes a novel method of surface topography design software base on exiting international standards. The method is introduced to obtain the reference line of surface profile. According to the reference line of surface roughness defined by the related standards, the functional evaluation parameters of surface characteristics were calculated. The procedure in designing the graphical user interface (GUI) is given based on the MATLAB software platform. This method realizes the software system that can evaluate the parameters of surface topography. The experimental analysis results show that the surface topography functional evaluation software using MATLAB has simple structure and reliable performance.

In this paper aerobic process was applied in an anaerobic baffled reactor to form an innovative Hybrid Baffled Reactor (HBR), which was used to investigate the treatment effect of livestock and poultry farming wastewater. Biofilm cultivation, the influence of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and treatment effect in three tanks were also discussed. The study result showed that good COD and NH4+-N removal efficiency was achieved in the reactor. When the influent COD concentration, NH4+-N concentration and HRT were 900 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 24 h, the concentrations of COD and NH4+-N in the outlet were smaller than 100 mg/L and 70 mg/L, and COD removal efficiency and nitrification rate were 90% and 70% respectively.

Currently, manual inspection and off-line inspection play an important role in the inspection methods of machining process, which severely restricts the development of inspecting automation. In the paper, automatic programming system for machining center on-line inspection was developed by secondary development kit object ARX of AutoCAD. Inspecting datum was obtained, inspecting process planning was laid up and inspecting program was made automatically. The inspection can be applied to automatic workpiece setting up, on-line inspection of workpiece, data processing, quality analysis and compensation of machined workpiece errors, which led to increase precision, production efficiency and quality and reduced the rate of rejection and tool damage.

In modern manufacturing, it is urgent to require integrating manufacturing and inspection because manual inspection and off-line inspection severely restricts the development of inspecting automation. In the paper, automatic programming system based on solid driven technology for machining center on-line inspection has been developed by secondary development kit object ARX of CAD. Inspection feature datum and information were gotten by ARX tool in CAD stage, and then inspecting program can be automatically made up through inspecting process planning. On-line inspection automatic programming system based on solid driven technology has been applied in SSK-U6035 machining center. The application result shows that the programming system is simple and effective, which has realized integration of manufacturing and inspection more efficiently, increased precision, production efficiency and reduced the rate of rejection and tool damage.

Organoclay has a low electrical conductivity and a proper dielectric constant which makes it to be used as a gate insulator. In a dry form, the organoclay exists in aggregates of montmorillonite platelets and very little surface area of the montmorillonite is exposed. For uniform dispersion of the clay aggregated, PA-66 and organically modified Na-montmorillonite (OMMT) were melting blended by using an internal mixer. The crystalline change and effects of intercalation were investigated with X-ray diffraction. Results of thermal properties, micro-structure, surface resistance and crystallization behavior indicated that OMMT had obviously effects on PA-66. DSC results showed that the existent of OMMT had effect on PA-66/OMMT nanocomposites and OMMT content had important effects on the scatter of OMMT in PA-66 matrix.